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A Multi-Method Exploration of the Ethical "Grey Areas" in Bullying and Bystander Intervention: Centering the Perspectives of Youth With Specific Learning Disabilities
A Multi-Method Exploration of the Ethical "Grey Areas" in Bullying and Bystander Intervent...
A Multi-Method Exploration of the Ethical "Grey Areas" in Bullying and Bystander Intervention: Centering the Perspectives of Youth With Specific Learning Disabilities

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152734
ISBN  
9798384455516
DDC  
370
저자명  
Manchanda, Sarah.
서명/저자  
A Multi-Method Exploration of the Ethical Grey Areas in Bullying and Bystander Intervention: Centering the Perspectives of Youth With Specific Learning Disabilities
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
104 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Turiel, Elliot.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Youth with disabilities are overrepresented in the bullying dynamic and experience poor mental health and school engagement outcomes associated with this involvement. However, limited existing research has looked at differences in bullying involvement based on disability category, and how youth with disabilities make decisions about bullying involvement and bystander intervention. This multi- method study examined how students with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) have engaged in bullying, been impacted by this engagement, and think about bullying involvement. Drawing on quantitative analyses of surveys (N=221) and mixed methods analyses of clinical interviews (N=78), this dissertation research garnered an understanding of how youth with SLD have been involved in bullying and impacted by this involvement. In addition, this dissertation examined how these youth reason and make decisions about cyberbullying involvement and bystander intervention.A person-centered analysis was conducted in order to: 1) elucidate distinct profiles of bullying involvement amongst youth with SLD ; 2) examine if and how demographic characteristics are associated with profile membership; and 3) examine if and how school engagement and mental health outcomes are associated with profile membership. This study revealed four distinct profiles of bullying involvement: Low Involvement profile (low levels of victimization and perpetration), Mildly Involved profile (mild levels of both victimization and perpetration), Moderately/ highly Victimized profile (low levels of perpetration and moderate to high levels of victimization), and Moderately Frequent Bully-Victim profile (moderate to high levels of both victimization and perpetration). The highest percentage of youth (37%) were in Profile 1, or the low involvement group. Participants in this group experienced the lowest levels of victimization and perpetration in comparison to participants in other groups. Profile 2, or the mildly involved group, was the smallest profile in this study with 14% of participants classified in this group. Participants in this group experienced mild levels of both victimization and perpetration in comparison to participants in other profiles. Profile 3, or the moderately/highly victimized group, included 18% of participants in this study. Members of this group reported higher mean scores for victimization than participants in other groups (particularly for verbal and physical victimization). Finally, Profile 4 or the moderately frequent bully-victim profile, was the second largest of the four profiles with 31% of participants classified in this group. Participants in this group experienced higher levels of combined victimization and perpetration than those in other groups.Significant results emerged when analyzing associations between bullying involvement profile and demographic variables as predictors, as well as associations between bullying involvement profiles and school engagement and mental health outcomes. Demographic variable analyses revealed that select demographic variables were associated with some the four bullying involvement profiles. Older participants (grades 6-12) when compared to younger participants (grades 1-5) were more likely to be in the moderate/highly victimized group or profile 3 than in the low involvement bullying group or profile 1. In addition, when compared to White youth, racial minority (non-White) youth were more likely to be in lower bullying involvement groups. Furthermore, youth who identified as LGBTQIA+ were more likely to be in the lower bullying involvement groups than youth who identified as straight. Membership in Profile 2 (mild bullying involvement) and Profile 4 (moderate bully-victim) was significantly and negatively associated with school engagement when compared to Profile 1 (low bullying involvement). In addition, Profile 3 (moderately/highly victimized) showed a negative trend that approached statistical significance. Results showed more positive associations between membership in Profiles2, 3, and 4 than Profile 1 for internalizing symptoms. Additionally, results found more positive associations between membership in Profiles2 and 4 than Profile 1 for externalizing symptoms.). Taken together, these results highlight the negative effects on school engagement and increased rates of internalizing and externalizing symptoms associated with bullying involvement (particularly the combination of perpetration and victimization noted in profiles 2 and 4).A mixed methods analysis was employed drawing on Social Domain Theory in order to understand how youth with SLD evaluated and justified their evaluations of cyberbullying and bystander intervention in hypothetical situations. As anticipated, the majority of participants evaluated cyberbullying as unacceptable across all four situations. Participants had more negative evaluations of cyber harm when directed at a victim with a disability as compared to a victim without a disability. In addition, participants had more positive evaluations, or felt cyber harm was more understandable or acceptable, when the harm took place as an act of retaliation or within the context of a friendship than in unprovoked situations and between a transgressor and victim who are not friends. Although there were no significant age or gender differences in general evaluations of each situation, there were significant age and gender differences in response to the retaliation and friendship counter probes. Younger participants (7-10-year-old) had more negative evaluations of cyberbullying in response to counter probes about whether the act of cyberbullying was an act of retaliation than did older adolescent participants (15-18-year-old). These age differences were also observed in how younger participants (7-10-year-old) evaluated cyberbullying between friends in the science classroom significantly more negatively than did older adolescents (15-18-year-old). With regard to gender differences, in the zoom conversation situation, female participants had significantly more negative evaluations of cyberbullying between friends than did males. Although age and gender differences were observed, these differences were more significant in response to contextual features. Specifically, these results highlight the ways in which participants considered the disability of a victim, interpersonal ties between a transgressor and victim, and the intention of these acts of harm in evaluating the acceptability of these actions.With regard to how youth with SLD evaluated and justified these evaluations of bystander intervention in cyberbullying situations, there were some differences between youth with low and moderate to high levels of bullying involvement. When compared to the low involvement bullying group, a higher percentage of participants in the mild to high involvement group endorsed supporting the victim and a passive response, and a lower percentage endorsed telling an authority figure in most situations. Participants who drew on moral justifications were more likely to endorse a bystander intervention that involved supporting the victim whereas those who drew on non-moral justifications (i.e., personal or social conventional) were more likely to endorse intervening by telling an authority figure. These findings highlight the associations between how participants conceptualize the bystander intervention (i.e., as a moral or non-moral action) and the specific actions participants endorsed in response to witnessing acts of cyberbullying. In addition, these findings suggest that there is a connection between prior experiences of bullying and bystander intervention decision making.This study's findings have several implications. One, youth with SLD were involved in varying frequencies and forms of bullying as defined by the four bullying involvement groups, and the frequency of bullying involvement was significantly associated with both school engagement and mental health outcomes. Specifically, students who were involved in perpetrating bullying and also victimized were at highest risk of negative school engagement and mental health outcomes. This finding highlights the need to tailor interventions to students based on the specific forms and frequency of bullying involvement.
초록/해제  
요약Two, youth with SLD reasoned with more complexity (i.e., had mixed evaluations or found cyberbullying acceptable) in situations that involved retaliatory action or cyberbullying that took place between friends than in general contexts of cyberbullying. This finding underscores the need for developing intervention practices that explore these considerations and involve youth in the process of studying other factors that are relevant in evaluating situations of cyberbullying. Finally, the majority of youth in this study endorsed responding to cyberbullying situations by taking actions to support the victim. Some developmental differences were noted in these evaluations in addition to differences based on profile of bullying involvement. In addition, participants were most likely to draw on moral considerations in endorsing a response of supporting the victim. These findings suggest that future interventions should center youths' perspectives, involve authority figures such as teachers and parents, and involve a component of building skills and competence in the particularities of bystander intervention online.
일반주제명  
Educational psychology
일반주제명  
Special education
일반주제명  
Mental health
일반주제명  
Developmental psychology
일반주제명  
Disability studies
키워드  
Bullying
키워드  
Bystander intervention
키워드  
Latent Profile Analysis
키워드  
Specific Learning Disabilities
키워드  
Mixed methods
키워드  
Moral reasoning
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Education
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31491227
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a370
■1001  ▼aManchanda,  Sarah.
■24512▼aA  Multi-Method  Exploration  of  the  Ethical  "Grey  Areas"  in  Bullying  and  Bystander  Intervention:  Centering  the  Perspectives  of  Youth  With  Specific  Learning  Disabilities
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a104  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Turiel,  Elliot.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2024.
■520    ▼aYouth  with  disabilities  are  overrepresented  in  the  bullying  dynamic  and  experience  poor  mental  health  and  school  engagement  outcomes  associated  with  this  involvement.  However,  limited  existing  research  has  looked  at  differences  in  bullying  involvement  based  on  disability  category,  and  how  youth  with  disabilities  make  decisions  about  bullying  involvement  and  bystander  intervention.  This  multi-  method  study  examined  how  students  with  Specific  Learning  Disabilities  (SLD)  have  engaged  in  bullying,  been  impacted  by  this  engagement,  and  think  about  bullying  involvement.  Drawing  on  quantitative  analyses  of  surveys  (N=221)  and  mixed  methods  analyses  of  clinical  interviews  (N=78),  this  dissertation  research  garnered  an  understanding  of  how  youth  with  SLD  have  been  involved  in  bullying  and  impacted  by  this  involvement.  In  addition,  this  dissertation  examined  how  these  youth  reason  and  make  decisions  about  cyberbullying  involvement  and  bystander  intervention.A  person-centered  analysis  was  conducted  in  order  to:  1)  elucidate  distinct  profiles  of  bullying  involvement  amongst  youth  with  SLD  ;  2)  examine  if  and  how  demographic  characteristics  are  associated  with  profile  membership;  and  3)  examine  if  and  how  school  engagement  and  mental  health  outcomes  are  associated  with  profile  membership.  This  study  revealed  four  distinct  profiles  of  bullying  involvement:  Low  Involvement  profile  (low  levels  of  victimization  and  perpetration),  Mildly  Involved  profile  (mild  levels  of  both  victimization  and  perpetration),  Moderately/  highly  Victimized  profile  (low  levels  of  perpetration  and  moderate  to  high  levels  of  victimization),  and  Moderately  Frequent  Bully-Victim  profile  (moderate  to  high  levels  of  both  victimization  and  perpetration).  The  highest  percentage  of  youth  (37%)  were  in  Profile  1,  or  the  low  involvement  group.  Participants  in  this  group  experienced  the  lowest  levels  of  victimization  and  perpetration  in  comparison  to  participants  in  other  groups.  Profile  2,  or  the  mildly  involved  group,  was  the  smallest  profile  in  this  study  with  14%  of  participants  classified  in  this  group.  Participants  in  this  group  experienced  mild  levels  of  both  victimization  and  perpetration  in  comparison  to  participants  in  other  profiles.  Profile  3,  or  the  moderately/highly  victimized  group,  included  18%  of  participants  in  this  study.  Members  of  this  group  reported  higher  mean  scores  for  victimization  than  participants  in  other  groups  (particularly  for  verbal  and  physical  victimization).  Finally,  Profile  4  or  the  moderately  frequent  bully-victim  profile,  was  the  second  largest  of  the  four  profiles  with  31%  of  participants  classified  in  this  group.  Participants  in  this  group  experienced  higher  levels  of  combined  victimization  and  perpetration  than  those  in  other  groups.Significant  results  emerged  when  analyzing  associations  between  bullying  involvement  profile  and  demographic  variables  as  predictors,  as  well  as  associations  between  bullying  involvement  profiles  and  school  engagement  and  mental  health  outcomes.  Demographic  variable  analyses  revealed  that  select  demographic  variables  were  associated  with  some  the  four  bullying  involvement  profiles.  Older  participants  (grades  6-12)  when  compared  to  younger  participants  (grades  1-5)  were  more  likely  to  be  in  the  moderate/highly  victimized  group  or  profile  3  than  in  the  low  involvement  bullying  group  or  profile  1.  In  addition,  when  compared  to  White  youth,  racial  minority  (non-White)  youth  were  more  likely  to  be  in  lower  bullying  involvement  groups.  Furthermore,  youth  who  identified  as  LGBTQIA+  were  more  likely  to  be  in  the  lower  bullying  involvement  groups  than  youth  who  identified  as  straight.  Membership  in  Profile  2  (mild  bullying  involvement)  and  Profile  4  (moderate  bully-victim)  was  significantly  and  negatively  associated  with  school  engagement  when  compared  to  Profile  1  (low  bullying  involvement).  In  addition,  Profile  3  (moderately/highly  victimized)  showed  a  negative  trend  that  approached  statistical  significance.  Results  showed  more  positive  associations  between  membership  in  Profiles2,  3,  and  4  than  Profile  1  for  internalizing  symptoms.  Additionally,  results  found  more  positive  associations  between  membership  in  Profiles2  and  4  than  Profile  1  for  externalizing  symptoms.).  Taken  together,  these  results  highlight  the  negative  effects  on  school  engagement  and  increased  rates  of  internalizing  and  externalizing  symptoms  associated  with  bullying  involvement  (particularly  the  combination  of  perpetration  and  victimization  noted  in  profiles  2  and  4).A  mixed  methods  analysis  was  employed  drawing  on  Social  Domain  Theory  in  order  to  understand  how  youth  with  SLD  evaluated  and  justified  their  evaluations  of  cyberbullying  and  bystander  intervention  in  hypothetical  situations.  As  anticipated,  the  majority  of  participants  evaluated  cyberbullying  as  unacceptable  across  all  four  situations.  Participants  had  more  negative  evaluations  of  cyber  harm  when  directed  at  a  victim  with  a  disability  as  compared  to  a  victim  without  a  disability.  In  addition,  participants  had  more  positive  evaluations,  or  felt  cyber  harm  was  more  understandable  or  acceptable,  when  the  harm  took  place  as  an  act  of  retaliation  or  within  the  context  of  a  friendship  than  in  unprovoked  situations  and  between  a  transgressor  and  victim  who  are  not  friends.  Although  there  were  no  significant  age  or  gender  differences  in  general  evaluations  of  each  situation,  there  were  significant  age  and  gender  differences  in  response  to  the  retaliation  and  friendship  counter  probes.  Younger  participants  (7-10-year-old)  had  more  negative  evaluations  of  cyberbullying  in  response  to  counter  probes  about  whether  the  act  of  cyberbullying  was  an  act  of  retaliation  than  did  older  adolescent  participants  (15-18-year-old).  These  age  differences  were  also  observed  in  how  younger  participants  (7-10-year-old)  evaluated  cyberbullying  between  friends  in  the  science  classroom  significantly  more  negatively  than  did  older  adolescents  (15-18-year-old).  With  regard  to  gender  differences,  in  the  zoom  conversation  situation,  female  participants  had  significantly  more  negative  evaluations  of  cyberbullying  between  friends  than  did  males.  Although  age  and  gender  differences  were  observed,  these  differences  were  more  significant  in  response  to  contextual  features.  Specifically,  these  results  highlight  the  ways  in  which  participants  considered  the  disability  of  a  victim,  interpersonal  ties  between  a  transgressor  and  victim,  and  the  intention  of  these  acts  of  harm  in  evaluating  the  acceptability  of  these  actions.With  regard  to  how  youth  with  SLD  evaluated  and  justified  these  evaluations  of  bystander  intervention  in  cyberbullying  situations,  there  were  some  differences  between  youth  with  low  and  moderate  to  high  levels  of  bullying  involvement.  When  compared  to  the  low  involvement  bullying  group,  a  higher  percentage  of  participants  in  the  mild  to  high  involvement  group  endorsed  supporting  the  victim  and  a  passive  response,  and  a  lower  percentage  endorsed  telling  an  authority  figure  in  most  situations.  Participants  who  drew  on  moral  justifications  were  more  likely  to  endorse  a  bystander  intervention  that  involved  supporting  the  victim  whereas  those  who  drew  on  non-moral  justifications  (i.e.,  personal  or  social  conventional)  were  more  likely  to  endorse  intervening  by  telling  an  authority  figure.  These  findings  highlight  the  associations  between  how  participants  conceptualize  the  bystander  intervention  (i.e.,  as  a  moral  or  non-moral  action)  and  the  specific  actions  participants  endorsed  in  response  to  witnessing  acts  of  cyberbullying.  In  addition,  these  findings  suggest  that  there  is  a  connection  between  prior  experiences  of  bullying  and  bystander  intervention  decision  making.This  study's  findings  have  several  implications.  One,  youth  with  SLD  were  involved  in  varying  frequencies  and  forms  of  bullying  as  defined  by  the  four  bullying  involvement  groups,  and  the  frequency  of  bullying  involvement  was  significantly  associated  with  both  school  engagement  and  mental  health  outcomes.  Specifically,  students  who  were  involved  in  perpetrating  bullying  and  also  victimized  were  at  highest  risk  of  negative  school  engagement  and  mental  health  outcomes.  This  finding  highlights  the  need  to  tailor  interventions  to  students  based  on  the  specific  forms  and  frequency  of  bullying  involvement.  
■520    ▼aTwo,  youth  with  SLD  reasoned  with  more  complexity  (i.e.,  had  mixed  evaluations  or  found  cyberbullying  acceptable)  in  situations  that  involved  retaliatory  action  or  cyberbullying  that  took  place  between  friends  than  in  general  contexts  of  cyberbullying.  This  finding  underscores  the  need  for  developing  intervention  practices  that  explore  these  considerations  and  involve  youth  in  the  process  of  studying  other  factors  that  are  relevant  in  evaluating  situations  of  cyberbullying.  Finally,  the  majority  of  youth  in  this  study  endorsed  responding  to  cyberbullying  situations  by  taking  actions  to  support  the  victim.  Some  developmental  differences  were  noted  in  these  evaluations  in  addition  to  differences  based  on  profile  of  bullying  involvement.  In  addition,  participants  were  most  likely  to  draw  on  moral  considerations  in  endorsing  a  response  of  supporting  the  victim.  These  findings  suggest  that  future  interventions  should  center  youths'  perspectives,  involve  authority  figures  such  as  teachers  and  parents,  and  involve  a  component  of  building  skills  and  competence  in  the  particularities  of  bystander  intervention  online.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aEducational  psychology
■650  4▼aSpecial  education
■650  4▼aMental  health
■650  4▼aDevelopmental  psychology
■650  4▼aDisability  studies
■653    ▼aBullying
■653    ▼aBystander  intervention
■653    ▼aLatent  Profile  Analysis
■653    ▼aSpecific  Learning  Disabilities
■653    ▼aMixed  methods
■653    ▼aMoral  reasoning
■690    ▼a0525
■690    ▼a0529
■690    ▼a0620
■690    ▼a0201
■690    ▼a0347
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bEducation.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163640▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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