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Rapid Quality Analysis of mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles Using Micelle Formulations
Rapid Quality Analysis of mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles Using Micelle Formulations
Rapid Quality Analysis of mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles Using Micelle Formulations

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151355
ISBN  
9798382405254
DDC  
660
저자명  
Tynan, Kyle J.
서명/저자  
Rapid Quality Analysis of mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles Using Micelle Formulations
발행사항  
[Sl] : Carnegie Mellon University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
165 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Schneider, James W.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Carnegie Mellon University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Pharmaceutical manufacturers developed mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccines as an effective method to combat COVID-19. With multiple COVID-19 variants already in circulation, the requirement of booster vaccines every several months to maintain immunity, and manufacturers' new focus on using mRNA LNP vaccines against other infectious diseases, the high demand for mRNA LNP vaccines will only increase. This necessitates a high throughput method of rapidly determining vaccine quality to ensure the correct dosage and functionality is maintained in each vaccine. The critical quality attributes (CQA) for mRNA LNP vaccines are: mRNA length (a measure of the identity of mRNA), mRNA titer, and LNP degradation (to ensure LNPs have properly encapsulated the mRNA). All of these CQAs can be determined with a micelle formulation method. Using micelle capillary electrophoresis, we developed an electrophoretic technique where instead of a sieve-like gel we use an entangled micelle network to perform length-based separations. We aimed to use this technique to determine length, titer, encapsulation efficiency, and lipid quality (as measured by the release kinetics of mRNA from the lipid shell while being lysed by the surfactant during electrophoresis). However, the entangled micelle network rapidly lyses the mRNA LNP, thus it is impossible to measure the release of mRNA while also achieving a length-based separation. Regardless, when using micelle capillary electrophoresis, we can determine the identity and titer of mRNA LNPs. Furthermore, we are capable of assessing degradation effects on mRNA LNPs to due temperature, freeze/thaw cycles, and enzymatic digestion. We discovered that lyophilization with the use of a cryoprotectant prior to long term high temperature storage is protective of mRNA. Without lyophilization, the mRNA LNPs degrade rapidly at room temperature. Even mRNA stored for 3 months at 37°C remains intact if previously lyophilized. Freeze/thaw cycling is not as damaging mRNAs as room temperature storage, and enzymes are capable of permeating the LNP membrane and degrading mRNA.To overcome the limitation of micelle capillary electrophoresis, we developed another analytical technique using stopped-flow kinetics and spectrometry. The assay uses a stained mRNA LNP sample and mixes it with a low surfactant buffer. The lysing process is tracked using spectrometry and with it we can determine the encapsulation efficiency of the mRNA LNP and the release kinetics of the mRNA from the lipid shell. We determine that manufacturing conditions and lipid concentrations do not have a significant impact on the release kinetics of the mRNA, however they do dramatically affect the encapsulation efficiency. However, the PEGylated lipid content dramatically affects the release kinetics, with less PEGylated lipid, there is significantly higher release time. We propose that the PEG causes steric hindrance and prevents mRNA LNP aggregation, thus upon removal of the PEGylated lipid, the mRNA LNPs aggregate and thus require more time to be fully lysed.Furthermore, we have developed an on-line concentration technique called reverse isotachophoresis with micelles, where a system of different electrophoretic mobility buffers is used to concentrate a sample and then a separation occurs. An application of which is for adventitious agent detection in biological processes, such as determining the presence of mouse hepatitis virus in CHO cells. We show that we are capable of achieving femtomolar level detection of MHV in 5 minutes using this technique. This technique relies upon electro-osmotic flow instead of electrophoretic flow, thus in order to achieve 1 fM detection with a high viscosity system, the time allowed to concentrate our sample must be adjusted. To do this, we had to increase the length of our capillary and increase the concentration time. To maintain a 5-minute runtime, we reversed the flow of the technique, where the sample is concentrated out the outlet and sent back towards the detector, as opposed to being concentrated at the inlet and allowing it to migrate towards the detector. Effectively, this decreased the length of the detector from 90 cm to 10 cm. Finally, the alkane tail on the γPNA probe plays an important role in increasing the LOD by causing a sweeping effect to occur. The alkane tail causes the viral DNA to concentrate at the interface between the micelle-free and micelle zones, thus introducing another mechanism to increase the limit of detection.We discussed our development of different types of nucleic acid probes to bind to mRNA. We developed PNA, γPNA, LNA, and DNA probes. We had the most success with binding EPO specific PNA or γPNA, however we would still observe multiple binding peaks. Future work should be focused on improving probe design for high binding affinity and reducing the number of multiple peaks present in the electropherogram.
일반주제명  
Chemical engineering
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Nanoscience
키워드  
Capillary electrophoresis
키워드  
Micelles
키워드  
Lipid nanoparticle
키워드  
mRNA therapeutics
키워드  
Critical quality attributes
기타저자  
Carnegie Mellon University Chemical Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31243668
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a660
■1001  ▼aTynan,  Kyle  J.▼0(orcid)0009-0002-2255-3637
■24510▼aRapid  Quality  Analysis  of  mRNA  Lipid  Nanoparticles  Using  Micelle  Formulations
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bCarnegie  Mellon  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a165  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Schneider,  James  W.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Carnegie  Mellon  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aPharmaceutical  manufacturers  developed  mRNA  lipid  nanoparticle  (LNP)  vaccines  as  an  effective  method  to  combat  COVID-19.  With  multiple  COVID-19  variants  already  in  circulation,  the  requirement  of  booster  vaccines  every  several  months  to  maintain  immunity,  and  manufacturers'  new  focus  on  using  mRNA  LNP  vaccines  against  other  infectious  diseases,  the  high  demand  for  mRNA  LNP  vaccines  will  only  increase.  This  necessitates  a  high  throughput  method  of  rapidly  determining  vaccine  quality  to  ensure  the  correct  dosage  and  functionality  is  maintained  in  each  vaccine.  The  critical  quality  attributes  (CQA)  for  mRNA  LNP  vaccines  are:  mRNA  length  (a  measure  of  the  identity  of  mRNA),  mRNA  titer,  and  LNP  degradation  (to  ensure  LNPs  have  properly  encapsulated  the  mRNA).  All  of  these  CQAs  can  be  determined  with  a  micelle  formulation  method. Using  micelle  capillary  electrophoresis,  we  developed  an  electrophoretic  technique  where  instead  of  a  sieve-like  gel  we  use  an  entangled  micelle  network  to  perform  length-based  separations.  We  aimed  to  use  this  technique  to  determine  length,  titer,  encapsulation  efficiency,  and  lipid  quality  (as  measured  by  the  release  kinetics  of  mRNA  from  the  lipid  shell  while  being  lysed  by  the  surfactant  during  electrophoresis).  However,  the  entangled  micelle  network  rapidly  lyses  the  mRNA  LNP,  thus  it  is  impossible  to  measure  the  release  of  mRNA  while  also  achieving  a  length-based  separation.  Regardless,  when  using  micelle  capillary  electrophoresis,  we  can  determine  the  identity  and  titer  of  mRNA  LNPs.  Furthermore,  we  are  capable  of  assessing  degradation  effects  on  mRNA  LNPs  to  due  temperature,  freeze/thaw  cycles,  and  enzymatic  digestion.  We  discovered  that  lyophilization  with  the  use  of  a  cryoprotectant  prior  to  long  term  high  temperature  storage  is  protective  of  mRNA.  Without  lyophilization,  the  mRNA  LNPs  degrade  rapidly  at  room  temperature.  Even  mRNA  stored  for  3  months  at  37°C  remains  intact  if  previously  lyophilized.  Freeze/thaw  cycling  is  not  as  damaging  mRNAs  as  room  temperature  storage,  and  enzymes  are  capable  of  permeating  the  LNP  membrane  and  degrading  mRNA.To  overcome  the  limitation  of  micelle  capillary  electrophoresis,  we  developed  another  analytical  technique  using  stopped-flow  kinetics  and  spectrometry.  The  assay  uses  a  stained  mRNA  LNP  sample  and  mixes  it  with  a  low  surfactant  buffer.  The  lysing  process  is  tracked  using  spectrometry  and  with  it  we  can  determine  the  encapsulation  efficiency  of  the  mRNA  LNP  and  the  release  kinetics  of  the  mRNA  from  the  lipid  shell.  We  determine  that  manufacturing  conditions  and  lipid  concentrations  do  not  have  a  significant  impact  on  the  release  kinetics  of  the  mRNA,  however  they  do  dramatically  affect  the  encapsulation  efficiency.  However,  the  PEGylated  lipid  content  dramatically  affects  the  release  kinetics,  with  less  PEGylated  lipid,  there  is  significantly  higher  release  time.  We  propose  that  the  PEG  causes  steric  hindrance  and  prevents  mRNA  LNP  aggregation,  thus  upon  removal  of  the  PEGylated  lipid,  the  mRNA  LNPs  aggregate  and  thus  require  more  time  to  be  fully  lysed.Furthermore,  we  have  developed  an  on-line  concentration  technique  called  reverse  isotachophoresis  with  micelles,  where  a  system  of  different  electrophoretic  mobility  buffers  is  used  to  concentrate  a  sample  and  then  a  separation  occurs.  An  application  of  which  is  for  adventitious  agent  detection  in  biological  processes,  such  as  determining  the  presence  of  mouse  hepatitis  virus  in  CHO  cells.  We  show  that  we  are  capable  of  achieving  femtomolar  level  detection  of  MHV  in  5  minutes  using  this  technique.  This  technique  relies  upon  electro-osmotic  flow  instead  of  electrophoretic  flow,  thus  in  order  to  achieve  1  fM  detection  with  a  high  viscosity  system,  the  time  allowed  to  concentrate  our  sample  must  be  adjusted.  To  do  this,  we  had  to  increase  the  length  of  our  capillary  and  increase  the  concentration  time.  To  maintain  a  5-minute  runtime,  we  reversed  the  flow  of  the  technique,  where  the  sample  is  concentrated  out  the  outlet  and  sent  back  towards  the  detector,  as  opposed  to  being  concentrated  at  the  inlet  and  allowing  it  to  migrate  towards  the  detector.  Effectively,  this  decreased  the  length  of  the  detector  from  90  cm  to  10  cm.  Finally,  the  alkane  tail  on  the  γPNA  probe  plays  an  important  role  in  increasing  the  LOD  by  causing  a  sweeping  effect  to  occur.  The  alkane  tail  causes  the  viral  DNA  to  concentrate  at  the  interface  between  the  micelle-free  and  micelle  zones,  thus  introducing  another  mechanism  to  increase  the  limit  of  detection.We  discussed  our  development  of  different  types  of  nucleic  acid  probes  to  bind  to  mRNA.  We  developed  PNA,  γPNA,  LNA,  and  DNA  probes.  We  had  the  most  success  with  binding  EPO  specific  PNA  or  γPNA,  however  we  would  still  observe  multiple  binding  peaks.  Future  work  should  be  focused  on  improving  probe  design  for  high  binding  affinity  and  reducing  the  number  of  multiple  peaks  present  in  the  electropherogram.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0041.
■650  4▼aChemical  engineering
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aNanoscience
■653    ▼aCapillary  electrophoresis
■653    ▼aMicelles
■653    ▼aLipid  nanoparticle
■653    ▼amRNA  therapeutics
■653    ▼aCritical  quality  attributes
■690    ▼a0542
■690    ▼a0565
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0307
■71020▼aCarnegie  Mellon  University▼bChemical  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-11B.
■790    ▼a0041
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161429▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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