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Nanoimaging and Targeted Protein Degradation to Assess Chromatin Conformation, Connectivity, and Gene Expression
Nanoimaging and Targeted Protein Degradation to Assess Chromatin Conformation, Connectivit...
Nanoimaging and Targeted Protein Degradation to Assess Chromatin Conformation, Connectivity, and Gene Expression

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151358
ISBN  
9798382761602
DDC  
610
저자명  
Pujadas Liwag, Emily Marie.
서명/저자  
Nanoimaging and Targeted Protein Degradation to Assess Chromatin Conformation, Connectivity, and Gene Expression
발행사항  
[Sl] : Northwestern University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
325 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Backman, Vadim;Horvath, Curt.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Chromatin, composed of DNA and histones, is hierarchically organized in a dynamic manner within the mammalian cell nucleus. The 3D organization of chromatin is a major determinant of genome function, which is maintained through the structural organization of chromatin domains associated with specific epigenetic profiles. However, the causal relationship between physical 3D genome organization and transcriptional activity remains to be fully understood. By leveraging a suite of novel technologies such as live-cell Dual Partial Wave Spectroscopic (Dual-PWS) microscopy, in situ Hi-C, ChromSTEM, CRISPR-Sirius, and STORM, it is possible to assess how chromatin conformation across several length scales contributes to transcriptional activity. In this dissertation, I applied chromatin engineering strategies grounded in polymer physics to assess how structural (e.g., B-type lamins) and functional (e.g., RNA Polymerase II-mediated loop extrusion) components contribute to genome architecture, chromatin dynamics, and gene regulation.Chapter 1 of this dissertation focusses on the fundamental principles in molecular biology, as well as the importance of determining the physical structure of the genome to understand its role in regulating gene expression and cellular functionality. Further, I describe various methodologies to study dynamic chromatin organization in the context of transcription (e.g., polymer physics-based analysis, targeted protein degradation, sequencing-based analyses, gene localization techniques, etc.) to identify and characterize the functional properties of higher-order chromatin packing domains. I end this chapter by pointing out several open questions in the chromatin biology field. Chapter 2 focusses on investigating the effect of B-type lamin depletion on chromatin reorganization, gene positioning, and gene expression. To do this, I utilized engineered HCT1116 colon carcinoma cells with Auxin-inducible degron (AID) technology to rapidly and reversibly degrade endogenous B-type lamin proteins. Although the mesoscale structure of chromatin is preserved, chromatin dynamics, positioning of heterochromatic markers, and chromosome positioning are significantly altered indicating that the mechanism of action of B-type lamins is derived from their role in maintaining chromatin dynamics and positioning. Further, disruption of both lamin B-type lamins greatly perturbs the expression of genes positioned inside and outside lamin-associated domains (LADs) without altering mesoscale chromatin structure.Chapter 3 discusses how independent of lamin perturbation, reorganization of chromatin domains and heterochromatin disruption underlie nuclear deformation (i.e., nuclear blebs). In this collaborative work, we also find that the composition of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) and perturbation-based nuclear blebs shows decreased DNA levels but inconsistent measure of lamin B. Progeria and prostate cancer model cell lines recapitulate decreased DNA levels in nuclear blebs while lamin B1 is drastically different. This is further evidenced with PWS that demonstrates a stark reduction in chromatin packing scaling in nuclear blebs in comparison to the nuclear body.Chapter 4 investigates how chromatin domains are formed and stabilized by processes such as loop extrusion, a careful balance of heterochromatin and euchromatin, and active gene transcription. In this collaborative effort, we extend this analysis to investigate if the chromatin packing domains visualized in our imaging modalities are the same as topologically associated domains in Hi-C.Chapter 5 explores how various gene-visualization techniques such as FISH, RASER-FISH, and CRISPR-Sirius impact proper chromatin organization. This investigation finds that every step of the FISH protocol, other than fixation, causes significant changes in both the average properties of chromatin, as well as the probability density function (PDF) of local heterogeneity and scaling. RASER FISH and CRISPR-Sirius, however, maintain chromatin structure. Additionally, this dissertation chapter evaluates how chromatin structural changes associated with carcinogenesis (e.g., low versus highly packed chromatin domains) may allow for enhanced detection of early-stage lung cancer using diagnostic PWS.Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the work presented in this dissertation. I tie the findings from my experiments and analysis back to the general review of dynamic chromatin organization and transcription described in Chapter 1. Further, I elaborate on the implications of my data and the emerging questions that my work has raised. I finish with a brief outlook for the future of the chromatin biology field. Overall, this work establishes the principal feasibility of chromatin engineering to controllably alter higher-order chromatin structure and provides a greater understanding of important mechanisms underlying chromatin organization and gene transcription.
일반주제명  
Biomedical engineering
일반주제명  
Biology
일반주제명  
Engineering
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Genetics
키워드  
Chromatin
키워드  
Genomics
키워드  
Lamin associated domain
키워드  
Microscopy
키워드  
Nuclear lamina
키워드  
Topologically associated domains
기타저자  
Northwestern University Interdepartmental Biological Sciences (IBiS) Graduate Program
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aPujadas  Liwag,  Emily  Marie.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-3520-835X
■24510▼aNanoimaging  and  Targeted  Protein  Degradation  to  Assess  Chromatin  Conformation,  Connectivity,  and  Gene  Expression
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNorthwestern  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a325  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Backman,  Vadim;Horvath,  Curt.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Northwestern  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aChromatin,  composed  of  DNA  and  histones,  is  hierarchically  organized  in  a  dynamic  manner  within  the  mammalian  cell  nucleus.  The  3D  organization  of  chromatin  is  a  major  determinant  of  genome  function,  which  is  maintained  through  the  structural  organization  of  chromatin  domains  associated  with  specific  epigenetic  profiles.  However,  the  causal  relationship  between  physical  3D  genome  organization  and  transcriptional  activity  remains  to  be  fully  understood.  By  leveraging  a  suite  of  novel  technologies  such  as  live-cell  Dual  Partial  Wave  Spectroscopic  (Dual-PWS)  microscopy,  in  situ  Hi-C,  ChromSTEM,  CRISPR-Sirius,  and  STORM,  it  is  possible  to  assess  how  chromatin  conformation  across  several  length  scales  contributes  to  transcriptional  activity.  In  this  dissertation,  I  applied  chromatin  engineering  strategies  grounded  in  polymer  physics  to  assess  how  structural  (e.g.,  B-type  lamins)  and  functional  (e.g.,  RNA  Polymerase  II-mediated  loop  extrusion)  components  contribute  to  genome  architecture,  chromatin  dynamics,  and  gene  regulation.Chapter  1  of  this  dissertation  focusses  on  the  fundamental  principles  in  molecular  biology,  as  well  as  the  importance  of  determining  the  physical  structure  of  the  genome  to  understand  its  role  in  regulating  gene  expression  and  cellular  functionality.  Further,  I  describe  various methodologies  to  study  dynamic  chromatin  organization  in  the  context  of  transcription  (e.g.,  polymer  physics-based  analysis,  targeted  protein  degradation,  sequencing-based  analyses,  gene  localization  techniques,  etc.)  to  identify  and  characterize  the  functional  properties  of  higher-order  chromatin  packing  domains.  I  end  this  chapter  by  pointing  out  several  open  questions  in  the  chromatin  biology  field. Chapter  2  focusses  on  investigating  the  effect  of  B-type  lamin  depletion  on  chromatin  reorganization,  gene  positioning,  and  gene  expression.  To  do  this,  I  utilized  engineered  HCT1116  colon  carcinoma  cells  with  Auxin-inducible  degron  (AID)  technology  to  rapidly  and  reversibly  degrade  endogenous  B-type  lamin  proteins.  Although  the  mesoscale  structure  of  chromatin  is  preserved,  chromatin  dynamics,  positioning  of  heterochromatic  markers,  and  chromosome  positioning  are  significantly  altered  indicating  that  the  mechanism  of  action  of  B-type  lamins  is  derived  from  their  role  in  maintaining  chromatin  dynamics  and  positioning.  Further,  disruption  of  both  lamin  B-type  lamins  greatly  perturbs  the  expression  of  genes  positioned  inside  and  outside  lamin-associated  domains  (LADs)  without  altering  mesoscale  chromatin  structure.Chapter  3  discusses  how  independent  of  lamin  perturbation,  reorganization  of  chromatin  domains  and  heterochromatin  disruption  underlie  nuclear  deformation  (i.e.,  nuclear  blebs).  In  this  collaborative  work,  we  also  find  that  the  composition  of  mouse  embryonic  fibroblasts  (MEF)  and  perturbation-based  nuclear  blebs  shows  decreased  DNA  levels  but  inconsistent  measure  of  lamin  B.  Progeria  and  prostate  cancer  model  cell  lines  recapitulate  decreased  DNA  levels  in  nuclear  blebs  while  lamin  B1  is  drastically  different.  This  is  further  evidenced  with  PWS  that  demonstrates  a  stark  reduction  in  chromatin  packing  scaling  in  nuclear  blebs  in  comparison  to  the  nuclear  body.Chapter  4  investigates  how  chromatin  domains  are  formed  and  stabilized  by  processes  such  as  loop  extrusion,  a  careful  balance  of  heterochromatin  and  euchromatin,  and  active  gene  transcription.  In  this  collaborative  effort,  we  extend  this  analysis  to  investigate  if  the  chromatin  packing  domains  visualized  in  our  imaging  modalities  are  the  same  as  topologically  associated  domains  in  Hi-C.Chapter  5  explores  how  various  gene-visualization  techniques  such  as  FISH,  RASER-FISH,  and  CRISPR-Sirius  impact  proper  chromatin  organization.  This  investigation  finds  that  every  step  of  the  FISH  protocol,  other  than  fixation,  causes  significant  changes  in  both  the  average  properties  of  chromatin,  as  well  as  the  probability  density  function  (PDF)  of  local  heterogeneity  and  scaling.  RASER  FISH  and  CRISPR-Sirius,  however,  maintain  chromatin  structure.  Additionally,  this  dissertation  chapter  evaluates  how  chromatin  structural  changes  associated  with  carcinogenesis  (e.g.,  low  versus  highly  packed  chromatin  domains)  may  allow  for  enhanced  detection  of  early-stage  lung  cancer  using  diagnostic  PWS.Finally,  Chapter  6  summarizes  the  work  presented  in  this  dissertation.  I  tie  the  findings  from  my  experiments  and  analysis  back  to  the  general  review  of  dynamic  chromatin  organization  and  transcription  described  in  Chapter  1.  Further,  I  elaborate  on  the  implications  of  my  data  and  the  emerging  questions  that  my  work  has  raised.  I  finish  with  a  brief  outlook  for  the  future  of  the  chromatin  biology  field.  Overall,  this  work  establishes  the  principal  feasibility  of  chromatin  engineering  to  controllably  alter  higher-order  chromatin  structure  and  provides  a  greater  understanding  of  important  mechanisms  underlying  chromatin  organization  and  gene  transcription.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0163.
■650  4▼aBiomedical  engineering
■650  4▼aBiology
■650  4▼aEngineering
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aGenetics
■653    ▼aChromatin
■653    ▼aGenomics
■653    ▼aLamin  associated  domain
■653    ▼aMicroscopy
■653    ▼aNuclear  lamina
■653    ▼aTopologically  associated  domains
■690    ▼a0541
■690    ▼a0306
■690    ▼a0537
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0369
■71020▼aNorthwestern  University▼bInterdepartmental  Biological  Sciences  (IBiS)  Graduate  Program.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-11B.
■790    ▼a0163
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161450▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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