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Nanoimaging and Targeted Protein Degradation to Assess Chromatin Conformation, Connectivity, and Gene Expression
Nanoimaging and Targeted Protein Degradation to Assess Chromatin Conformation, Connectivity, and Gene Expression
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20250211151358
- ISBN
- 9798382761602
- DDC
- 610
- 서명/저자
- Nanoimaging and Targeted Protein Degradation to Assess Chromatin Conformation, Connectivity, and Gene Expression
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : Northwestern University, 2024
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
- 형태사항
- 325 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Backman, Vadim;Horvath, Curt.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2024.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Chromatin, composed of DNA and histones, is hierarchically organized in a dynamic manner within the mammalian cell nucleus. The 3D organization of chromatin is a major determinant of genome function, which is maintained through the structural organization of chromatin domains associated with specific epigenetic profiles. However, the causal relationship between physical 3D genome organization and transcriptional activity remains to be fully understood. By leveraging a suite of novel technologies such as live-cell Dual Partial Wave Spectroscopic (Dual-PWS) microscopy, in situ Hi-C, ChromSTEM, CRISPR-Sirius, and STORM, it is possible to assess how chromatin conformation across several length scales contributes to transcriptional activity. In this dissertation, I applied chromatin engineering strategies grounded in polymer physics to assess how structural (e.g., B-type lamins) and functional (e.g., RNA Polymerase II-mediated loop extrusion) components contribute to genome architecture, chromatin dynamics, and gene regulation.Chapter 1 of this dissertation focusses on the fundamental principles in molecular biology, as well as the importance of determining the physical structure of the genome to understand its role in regulating gene expression and cellular functionality. Further, I describe various methodologies to study dynamic chromatin organization in the context of transcription (e.g., polymer physics-based analysis, targeted protein degradation, sequencing-based analyses, gene localization techniques, etc.) to identify and characterize the functional properties of higher-order chromatin packing domains. I end this chapter by pointing out several open questions in the chromatin biology field. Chapter 2 focusses on investigating the effect of B-type lamin depletion on chromatin reorganization, gene positioning, and gene expression. To do this, I utilized engineered HCT1116 colon carcinoma cells with Auxin-inducible degron (AID) technology to rapidly and reversibly degrade endogenous B-type lamin proteins. Although the mesoscale structure of chromatin is preserved, chromatin dynamics, positioning of heterochromatic markers, and chromosome positioning are significantly altered indicating that the mechanism of action of B-type lamins is derived from their role in maintaining chromatin dynamics and positioning. Further, disruption of both lamin B-type lamins greatly perturbs the expression of genes positioned inside and outside lamin-associated domains (LADs) without altering mesoscale chromatin structure.Chapter 3 discusses how independent of lamin perturbation, reorganization of chromatin domains and heterochromatin disruption underlie nuclear deformation (i.e., nuclear blebs). In this collaborative work, we also find that the composition of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) and perturbation-based nuclear blebs shows decreased DNA levels but inconsistent measure of lamin B. Progeria and prostate cancer model cell lines recapitulate decreased DNA levels in nuclear blebs while lamin B1 is drastically different. This is further evidenced with PWS that demonstrates a stark reduction in chromatin packing scaling in nuclear blebs in comparison to the nuclear body.Chapter 4 investigates how chromatin domains are formed and stabilized by processes such as loop extrusion, a careful balance of heterochromatin and euchromatin, and active gene transcription. In this collaborative effort, we extend this analysis to investigate if the chromatin packing domains visualized in our imaging modalities are the same as topologically associated domains in Hi-C.Chapter 5 explores how various gene-visualization techniques such as FISH, RASER-FISH, and CRISPR-Sirius impact proper chromatin organization. This investigation finds that every step of the FISH protocol, other than fixation, causes significant changes in both the average properties of chromatin, as well as the probability density function (PDF) of local heterogeneity and scaling. RASER FISH and CRISPR-Sirius, however, maintain chromatin structure. Additionally, this dissertation chapter evaluates how chromatin structural changes associated with carcinogenesis (e.g., low versus highly packed chromatin domains) may allow for enhanced detection of early-stage lung cancer using diagnostic PWS.Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the work presented in this dissertation. I tie the findings from my experiments and analysis back to the general review of dynamic chromatin organization and transcription described in Chapter 1. Further, I elaborate on the implications of my data and the emerging questions that my work has raised. I finish with a brief outlook for the future of the chromatin biology field. Overall, this work establishes the principal feasibility of chromatin engineering to controllably alter higher-order chromatin structure and provides a greater understanding of important mechanisms underlying chromatin organization and gene transcription.
- 일반주제명
- Biomedical engineering
- 일반주제명
- Biology
- 일반주제명
- Engineering
- 일반주제명
- Cellular biology
- 일반주제명
- Genetics
- 키워드
- Chromatin
- 키워드
- Genomics
- 키워드
- Microscopy
- 키워드
- Nuclear lamina
- 기타저자
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Biological Sciences (IBiS) Graduate Program
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■020 ▼a9798382761602
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■1001 ▼aPujadas Liwag, Emily Marie.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-3520-835X
■24510▼aNanoimaging and Targeted Protein Degradation to Assess Chromatin Conformation, Connectivity, and Gene Expression
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bNorthwestern University▼c2024
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2024
■300 ▼a325 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Backman, Vadim;Horvath, Curt.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2024.
■520 ▼aChromatin, composed of DNA and histones, is hierarchically organized in a dynamic manner within the mammalian cell nucleus. The 3D organization of chromatin is a major determinant of genome function, which is maintained through the structural organization of chromatin domains associated with specific epigenetic profiles. However, the causal relationship between physical 3D genome organization and transcriptional activity remains to be fully understood. By leveraging a suite of novel technologies such as live-cell Dual Partial Wave Spectroscopic (Dual-PWS) microscopy, in situ Hi-C, ChromSTEM, CRISPR-Sirius, and STORM, it is possible to assess how chromatin conformation across several length scales contributes to transcriptional activity. In this dissertation, I applied chromatin engineering strategies grounded in polymer physics to assess how structural (e.g., B-type lamins) and functional (e.g., RNA Polymerase II-mediated loop extrusion) components contribute to genome architecture, chromatin dynamics, and gene regulation.Chapter 1 of this dissertation focusses on the fundamental principles in molecular biology, as well as the importance of determining the physical structure of the genome to understand its role in regulating gene expression and cellular functionality. Further, I describe various methodologies to study dynamic chromatin organization in the context of transcription (e.g., polymer physics-based analysis, targeted protein degradation, sequencing-based analyses, gene localization techniques, etc.) to identify and characterize the functional properties of higher-order chromatin packing domains. I end this chapter by pointing out several open questions in the chromatin biology field. Chapter 2 focusses on investigating the effect of B-type lamin depletion on chromatin reorganization, gene positioning, and gene expression. To do this, I utilized engineered HCT1116 colon carcinoma cells with Auxin-inducible degron (AID) technology to rapidly and reversibly degrade endogenous B-type lamin proteins. Although the mesoscale structure of chromatin is preserved, chromatin dynamics, positioning of heterochromatic markers, and chromosome positioning are significantly altered indicating that the mechanism of action of B-type lamins is derived from their role in maintaining chromatin dynamics and positioning. Further, disruption of both lamin B-type lamins greatly perturbs the expression of genes positioned inside and outside lamin-associated domains (LADs) without altering mesoscale chromatin structure.Chapter 3 discusses how independent of lamin perturbation, reorganization of chromatin domains and heterochromatin disruption underlie nuclear deformation (i.e., nuclear blebs). In this collaborative work, we also find that the composition of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) and perturbation-based nuclear blebs shows decreased DNA levels but inconsistent measure of lamin B. Progeria and prostate cancer model cell lines recapitulate decreased DNA levels in nuclear blebs while lamin B1 is drastically different. This is further evidenced with PWS that demonstrates a stark reduction in chromatin packing scaling in nuclear blebs in comparison to the nuclear body.Chapter 4 investigates how chromatin domains are formed and stabilized by processes such as loop extrusion, a careful balance of heterochromatin and euchromatin, and active gene transcription. In this collaborative effort, we extend this analysis to investigate if the chromatin packing domains visualized in our imaging modalities are the same as topologically associated domains in Hi-C.Chapter 5 explores how various gene-visualization techniques such as FISH, RASER-FISH, and CRISPR-Sirius impact proper chromatin organization. This investigation finds that every step of the FISH protocol, other than fixation, causes significant changes in both the average properties of chromatin, as well as the probability density function (PDF) of local heterogeneity and scaling. RASER FISH and CRISPR-Sirius, however, maintain chromatin structure. Additionally, this dissertation chapter evaluates how chromatin structural changes associated with carcinogenesis (e.g., low versus highly packed chromatin domains) may allow for enhanced detection of early-stage lung cancer using diagnostic PWS.Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the work presented in this dissertation. I tie the findings from my experiments and analysis back to the general review of dynamic chromatin organization and transcription described in Chapter 1. Further, I elaborate on the implications of my data and the emerging questions that my work has raised. I finish with a brief outlook for the future of the chromatin biology field. Overall, this work establishes the principal feasibility of chromatin engineering to controllably alter higher-order chromatin structure and provides a greater understanding of important mechanisms underlying chromatin organization and gene transcription.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0163.
■650 4▼aBiomedical engineering
■650 4▼aBiology
■650 4▼aEngineering
■650 4▼aCellular biology
■650 4▼aGenetics
■653 ▼aChromatin
■653 ▼aGenomics
■653 ▼aLamin associated domain
■653 ▼aMicroscopy
■653 ▼aNuclear lamina
■653 ▼aTopologically associated domains
■690 ▼a0541
■690 ▼a0306
■690 ▼a0537
■690 ▼a0379
■690 ▼a0369
■71020▼aNorthwestern University▼bInterdepartmental Biological Sciences (IBiS) Graduate Program.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g85-11B.
■790 ▼a0163
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2024
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161450▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


