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Characterization of a 4He Scintillation Detector and Its Applications in Nuclear Material Assay
Characterization of a 4He Scintillation Detector and Its Applications in Nuclear Material Assay
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20250211152106
- ISBN
- 9798382741109
- DDC
- 539.7
- 서명/저자
- Characterization of a 4He Scintillation Detector and Its Applications in Nuclear Material Assay
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of Michigan, 2024
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
- 형태사항
- 154 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Jovanovic, Igor.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2024.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Helium-4-based scintillation detectors have been developed as a gamma-insensitive alternative to organic scintillators for fast neutron detection and spectroscopy. While these detectors hold significant promise for applications in extreme environments where organic scintillators are not suitable, there has been relatively little scholarship on their fundamental characteristics and applications. The only commercially available He-4-based detector is the Arktis S670. This detector has a unique construction, containing three optically segmented regions, each providing four signal outputs. An algorithm was developed to condense these four outputs into a single data list, showing an improved time resolution compared to a separate analysis of the outputs, and an energy calibration using monoenergetic 2.45 MeV and 14.1 MeV neutrons was demonstrated. Another experiment was performed to characterize the response of the He-4 detector to monoenergetic nuclear recoils up to 9 MeV. The He-4 detector was positioned in the center of a semicircular array of organic scintillation detectors operated in coincidence, in conjunction with monoenergetic neutron sources. The measured detector response provides evidence for scintillation linearity and was used to develop an energy resolution function applicable to this energy range, enabling high-fidelity detector simulation for future applications. Precise knowledge of the temporal output profile of a pulsed neutron generator is beneficial for several neutron active interrogation techniques. Using the He-4 detector, the primary temporal profile of a short-pulsed deuterium-tritium neutron generator was isolated from scattered and induced contaminants by spectral thresholding. This method can be used to continuously monitor the pulse characteristics and quality for various neutron active interrogation techniques. The production of U-233 poses unique challenges for nuclear safeguards, as it is associated with an extreme gamma ray environment from U-232 contamination, as well as more conservative accountability requirements than for U-235. The He-4 detector and an array of He-3 detectors were used to demonstrate three advanced neutron signatures of U-233 in oxide. These measurements provide a benchmark for future nondestructive assay instrumentation development and demonstrate a set of key neutron signatures to be leveraged for nuclear safeguards in the thorium fuel cycle. The use of photon active interrogation for the detection of special nuclear material has held significant promise; however, neutrons produced by photonuclear reactions in the accelerator target, collimator, and environment can obscure the fission neutron signal. High-pressure He-4-based scintillation detectors are well-suited to photon active interrogation, as they can measure the fast neutron spectrum, but show little response to gamma rays. A photon active interrogation system utilizing a He-4 scintillation detector and a 9 MeV linac-bremsstrahlung X-ray source was experimentally evaluated. It was shown to be capable of detecting photofission neutrons from U-238 based on their clear spectral separation from (gamma,n) neutrons produced in lead, a common shielding material. This collection of research serves to deepen the understanding of He-4-based detector characteristics and pioneer some of their promising applications in nuclear safeguards and security. While additional work remains to develop the demonstrated applications into operational systems, this work has significantly broadened the plausible application space for He-4 scintillation detectors.
- 일반주제명
- Nuclear physics
- 일반주제명
- Nuclear engineering
- 일반주제명
- Nuclear chemistry
- 키워드
- Fast neutrons
- 키워드
- Nuclear security
- 키워드
- He-4
- 기타저자
- University of Michigan Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■00520250211152106
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798382741109
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31349098
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)umichrackham005495
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a539.7
■1001 ▼aSearfus, Oskar Fick.
■24510▼aCharacterization of a 4He Scintillation Detector and Its Applications in Nuclear Material Assay
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of Michigan▼c2024
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2024
■300 ▼a154 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Jovanovic, Igor.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2024.
■520 ▼aHelium-4-based scintillation detectors have been developed as a gamma-insensitive alternative to organic scintillators for fast neutron detection and spectroscopy. While these detectors hold significant promise for applications in extreme environments where organic scintillators are not suitable, there has been relatively little scholarship on their fundamental characteristics and applications. The only commercially available He-4-based detector is the Arktis S670. This detector has a unique construction, containing three optically segmented regions, each providing four signal outputs. An algorithm was developed to condense these four outputs into a single data list, showing an improved time resolution compared to a separate analysis of the outputs, and an energy calibration using monoenergetic 2.45 MeV and 14.1 MeV neutrons was demonstrated. Another experiment was performed to characterize the response of the He-4 detector to monoenergetic nuclear recoils up to 9 MeV. The He-4 detector was positioned in the center of a semicircular array of organic scintillation detectors operated in coincidence, in conjunction with monoenergetic neutron sources. The measured detector response provides evidence for scintillation linearity and was used to develop an energy resolution function applicable to this energy range, enabling high-fidelity detector simulation for future applications. Precise knowledge of the temporal output profile of a pulsed neutron generator is beneficial for several neutron active interrogation techniques. Using the He-4 detector, the primary temporal profile of a short-pulsed deuterium-tritium neutron generator was isolated from scattered and induced contaminants by spectral thresholding. This method can be used to continuously monitor the pulse characteristics and quality for various neutron active interrogation techniques. The production of U-233 poses unique challenges for nuclear safeguards, as it is associated with an extreme gamma ray environment from U-232 contamination, as well as more conservative accountability requirements than for U-235. The He-4 detector and an array of He-3 detectors were used to demonstrate three advanced neutron signatures of U-233 in oxide. These measurements provide a benchmark for future nondestructive assay instrumentation development and demonstrate a set of key neutron signatures to be leveraged for nuclear safeguards in the thorium fuel cycle. The use of photon active interrogation for the detection of special nuclear material has held significant promise; however, neutrons produced by photonuclear reactions in the accelerator target, collimator, and environment can obscure the fission neutron signal. High-pressure He-4-based scintillation detectors are well-suited to photon active interrogation, as they can measure the fast neutron spectrum, but show little response to gamma rays. A photon active interrogation system utilizing a He-4 scintillation detector and a 9 MeV linac-bremsstrahlung X-ray source was experimentally evaluated. It was shown to be capable of detecting photofission neutrons from U-238 based on their clear spectral separation from (gamma,n) neutrons produced in lead, a common shielding material. This collection of research serves to deepen the understanding of He-4-based detector characteristics and pioneer some of their promising applications in nuclear safeguards and security. While additional work remains to develop the demonstrated applications into operational systems, this work has significantly broadened the plausible application space for He-4 scintillation detectors.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0127.
■650 4▼aNuclear physics
■650 4▼aNuclear engineering
■650 4▼aNuclear chemistry
■653 ▼aFast neutrons
■653 ▼aNeutron detection
■653 ▼aNuclear security
■653 ▼aNuclear safeguards
■653 ▼aHe-4
■690 ▼a0552
■690 ▼a0756
■690 ▼a0738
■71020▼aUniversity of Michigan▼bNuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g85-12B.
■790 ▼a0127
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2024
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162869▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
