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Electrochemical and Thermodynamic Properties of Neodymium Alloys in Molten Salts for their Recovery
Electrochemical and Thermodynamic Properties of Neodymium Alloys in Molten Salts for their...
Electrochemical and Thermodynamic Properties of Neodymium Alloys in Molten Salts for their Recovery

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152108
ISBN  
9798384220534
DDC  
600
저자명  
Im, Sanghyeok.
서명/저자  
Electrochemical and Thermodynamic Properties of Neodymium Alloys in Molten Salts for their Recovery
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Pennsylvania State University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
130 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Kim, Hojong.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Recovery of rare-earth elements is an essential process technology to achieve energy sustainability for nuclear power by closing the fuel cycle and for renewable energy by securing rare-earth supply. In detail, rare-earth fission products that accumulate into molten salts (e.g., LiCl-KCl) during reprocessing for used nuclear fuel must be recovered to reuse the salts and minimize nuclear waste. Rare-earth permanent magnets are an essential component for wind turbines and electric vehicle motors but face supply concerns with the rapid deployment of clean energy technologies. In the design of electrochemical processes for rare-earth recovery, thermodynamic and electrochemical properties of rare-earth elements are important to achieve high efficacy but are not widely available in the literature due to the high reactivity of rare-earth metals in molten salt electrolytes. Thus, the primary objective of this thesis is to comprehensively examine the essential fundamentals of rare-earth alloys in molten salt electrolytes with reliable property measurements, focusing on the binary Nd-Sn, Nd-Bi, and Nd-Fe systems.To determine the thermodynamic properties of Nd in molten salts, electromotive force (emf) measurement is introduced. Based on the established emf relation between Nd-based alloys and pure Nd via a solid fluoride electrolyte or a transient technique, less reactive two-phase alloys were employed as a stable reference electrode for reliable emf measurements, instead of pure Nd having uncertainty in molten salts. From an electrochemical cell including the Nd-Sn (xNd = 0.10) reference electrode with a two-phase (liquid + NdSn3), the measured emf values of Nd-Bi alloys (xNd = 0.15-0.40) and Nd-Sn alloy (xNd= 0.10) were stable and reproducible without an indication of cell degradation during the measurements. Furthermore, the potential difference between two identical Nd-Sn reference electrodes was measured before/after the electrochemical evaluation for 45 days, and the stability of the cell for long-term operation was verified by showing only 3 mV difference.The thermodynamic properties for the selected liquid Bi and Sn electrodes to overcome side reactions using their strong chemical interaction with Nd were investigated through coulometric titration emf measurement. Both liquid metals exhibited similar emf values, which translate to extremely low activity of Nd (aNd) at 973 K as 1.1 x 10-13 in Bi and 5.8x10-13 in Sn, confirming their strong chemical interactions with Nd. In addition, using the emf trajectory at each temperature, the solubility of Nd at 973 K was estimated at 1.46 mol% for liquid Sn, compared to 5.65 mol% for liquid Bi. For the Bi electrode with high recovery capacity, the thermodynamic description (Phase diagram) of the Nd-Bi system was updated via CALPHAD modeling with the addition of new data, including activity and solubility by emf measurements, phase transition temperatures by DSC, and the recently observed Nd3Bi7compound.
일반주제명  
Metals
일반주제명  
Nuclear energy
일반주제명  
Chloride
일반주제명  
Electrolytes
일반주제명  
Graphite
일반주제명  
Recycling
일반주제명  
Rare earth elements
일반주제명  
Electrodes
일반주제명  
Electricity
일반주제명  
Clean technology
일반주제명  
Carbon
일반주제명  
Radioactive wastes
일반주제명  
Phase transitions
일반주제명  
Taxonomy
일반주제명  
Heat
일반주제명  
Fluorides
일반주제명  
Intermetallic compounds
일반주제명  
Voltammetry
일반주제명  
Alternative energy sources
일반주제명  
Alloys
일반주제명  
Energy consumption
일반주제명  
Alternative energy
일반주제명  
Materials science
일반주제명  
Nuclear engineering
일반주제명  
Nuclear physics
일반주제명  
Sustainability
일반주제명  
Thermodynamics
기타저자  
The Pennsylvania State University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a600
■1001  ▼aIm,  Sanghyeok.
■24510▼aElectrochemical  and  Thermodynamic  Properties  of  Neodymium  Alloys  in  Molten  Salts  for  their  Recovery
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Pennsylvania  State  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a130  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Kim,  Hojong.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Pennsylvania  State  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aRecovery  of  rare-earth  elements  is  an  essential  process  technology  to  achieve  energy  sustainability  for  nuclear  power  by  closing  the  fuel  cycle  and  for  renewable  energy  by  securing  rare-earth  supply.  In  detail,  rare-earth  fission  products  that  accumulate  into  molten  salts  (e.g.,  LiCl-KCl)  during  reprocessing  for  used  nuclear  fuel  must  be  recovered  to  reuse  the  salts  and  minimize  nuclear  waste.  Rare-earth  permanent  magnets  are  an  essential  component  for  wind  turbines  and  electric  vehicle  motors  but  face  supply  concerns  with  the  rapid  deployment  of  clean  energy  technologies.  In  the  design  of  electrochemical  processes  for  rare-earth  recovery,  thermodynamic  and  electrochemical  properties  of  rare-earth  elements  are  important  to  achieve  high  efficacy  but  are  not  widely  available  in  the  literature  due  to  the  high  reactivity  of  rare-earth  metals  in  molten  salt  electrolytes.  Thus,  the  primary  objective  of  this  thesis  is  to  comprehensively  examine  the  essential  fundamentals  of  rare-earth  alloys  in  molten  salt  electrolytes  with  reliable  property  measurements,  focusing  on  the  binary  Nd-Sn,  Nd-Bi,  and  Nd-Fe  systems.To  determine  the  thermodynamic  properties  of  Nd  in  molten  salts,  electromotive  force  (emf)  measurement  is  introduced.  Based  on  the  established  emf  relation  between  Nd-based  alloys  and  pure  Nd  via  a  solid  fluoride  electrolyte  or  a  transient  technique,  less  reactive  two-phase  alloys  were  employed  as  a  stable  reference  electrode  for  reliable  emf  measurements,  instead  of  pure  Nd  having  uncertainty  in  molten  salts.  From  an  electrochemical  cell  including  the  Nd-Sn  (xNd  =  0.10)  reference  electrode  with  a  two-phase  (liquid  +  NdSn3),  the  measured  emf  values  of  Nd-Bi  alloys  (xNd  =  0.15-0.40)  and  Nd-Sn  alloy  (xNd=  0.10)  were  stable  and  reproducible  without  an  indication  of  cell  degradation  during  the  measurements.  Furthermore,  the  potential  difference  between  two  identical  Nd-Sn  reference  electrodes  was  measured  before/after  the  electrochemical  evaluation  for  45  days,  and  the  stability  of  the  cell  for  long-term  operation  was  verified  by  showing  only  3  mV  difference.The  thermodynamic  properties  for  the  selected  liquid  Bi  and  Sn  electrodes  to  overcome  side  reactions  using  their  strong  chemical  interaction  with  Nd  were  investigated  through  coulometric  titration  emf  measurement.  Both  liquid  metals  exhibited  similar  emf  values,  which  translate  to  extremely  low  activity  of  Nd  (aNd)  at  973  K  as  1.1  x  10-13  in  Bi  and  5.8x10-13  in  Sn,  confirming  their  strong  chemical  interactions  with  Nd.  In  addition,  using  the  emf  trajectory  at  each  temperature,  the  solubility  of  Nd  at  973  K  was  estimated  at  1.46  mol%  for  liquid  Sn,  compared  to  5.65  mol%  for  liquid  Bi.  For  the  Bi  electrode  with  high  recovery  capacity,  the  thermodynamic  description  (Phase  diagram)  of  the  Nd-Bi  system  was  updated  via  CALPHAD  modeling  with  the  addition  of  new  data,  including  activity  and  solubility  by  emf  measurements,  phase  transition  temperatures  by  DSC,  and  the  recently  observed  Nd3Bi7compound.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0176.
■650  4▼aMetals
■650  4▼aNuclear  energy
■650  4▼aChloride
■650  4▼aElectrolytes
■650  4▼aGraphite
■650  4▼aRecycling
■650  4▼aRare  earth  elements
■650  4▼aElectrodes
■650  4▼aElectricity
■650  4▼aClean  technology
■650  4▼aCarbon
■650  4▼aRadioactive  wastes
■650  4▼aPhase  transitions
■650  4▼aTaxonomy
■650  4▼aHeat
■650  4▼aFluorides
■650  4▼aIntermetallic  compounds
■650  4▼aVoltammetry
■650  4▼aAlternative  energy  sources
■650  4▼aAlloys
■650  4▼aEnergy  consumption
■650  4▼aAlternative  energy
■650  4▼aMaterials  science
■650  4▼aNuclear  engineering
■650  4▼aNuclear  physics
■650  4▼aSustainability
■650  4▼aThermodynamics
■690    ▼a0363
■690    ▼a0794
■690    ▼a0552
■690    ▼a0756
■690    ▼a0640
■690    ▼a0348
■71020▼aThe  Pennsylvania  State  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03A.
■790    ▼a0176
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162890▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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