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Domain and Ultraviolet Engineered Device Development of Potassium Tantalate Niobate Single Crystal Electro Optic Modulators and Deflectors
Domain and Ultraviolet Engineered Device Development of Potassium Tantalate Niobate Single...
Domain and Ultraviolet Engineered Device Development of Potassium Tantalate Niobate Single Crystal Electro Optic Modulators and Deflectors

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152109
ISBN  
9798384211815
DDC  
690
저자명  
Shang, Annan Quartey.
서명/저자  
Domain and Ultraviolet Engineered Device Development of Potassium Tantalate Niobate Single Crystal Electro Optic Modulators and Deflectors
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Pennsylvania State University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
202 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Yin, Shizhuo.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Electro optic (EO) based systems are commonly used in the areas of high-speed sensing, 3D printing, and imaging; and lead to the development of devices such as high-speed beam deflectors and modulators. This material characteristic also has cross-dependent terms, like permittivity and electrostriction (ES), that make them proportional to other crystal properties and determine the macroscopic state of many crystals. Detailed analyses of these cross-dependent term can both improve our material comprehension and expand our approach towards the advancement of these systems.This dissertation examines the experimental utilization of an externally applied strain, thermal condition and light illumination to optimize or improve the relative permittivity within potassium tantalate niobate e (KTa1-xcomp Nb1-xcomp O3, KTN) based devices. The KTN based devices within this dissertation focus on those whose composition result in a paraelectric (PE) phase transition temperature near room temperature, a composition, xcomp, of 0.395-0.404). Their strong electro optic properties near this composition are the major motivator for many advancements in KTN based and related devices. However, its temperature dependency, frequency dependency and perovskite relaxor ferroelectric nature often inhibit the functionality of their applications.Investigations conducted within this dissertation confirm that rapid cooling can create both a large EO and ES effect that affects its properties above and below its phase transition temperature. It is observed that a high cooling rate of 0.75 ⁰C/s results in a 2X increase in the relative permittivity of the KTN crystal. Rapid cooling creates quenched and reoriented polar nano-regions (PNRs) due to the nano-disordered property of KTN crystals; and increasing this cooling rate promotes the enhancement of this nano-disordered property which results in enhanced EO and ES properties. As the operation temperature of KTN based devices are above and near its phase transition temperature and the applied electric field is large, the crystal undergoes an electric field induced phase transition that inhibits its operating speed and deflection range.To nullify this property and resolve the functional complexity of an electric field induced transparent ferroelectric state, a thermally controlled, domain engineering (DE) recipe is developed to enable a transparent ferroelectric state whose functionality is not limited by an electric field induced phase transition and displays a 5X increase in its linear EO coefficient compared to conventional (non-DE) KTN crystals of similar composition with no loss in modulation speed. The transparent ferroelectric state (DE-KTN) is confirmed by observing the Raman spectra, electrical hysteresis, polarized light microscopy and beam profile data of both the DE and non-DE ferroelectric KTN crystal. The result of this state may be due to the two-step thermal annealing process that combines the creation of PNRs upon the rapid cooling first step, and the irregular, diffuse boundaries and high anisotropic traits of these PNRs that enable an abnormal domain growth-like process under the slow cooling second step.The paraelectric to ferroelectric phase transition of KTN crystals decrease the permittivity from 15,000 to 3,000. Although the modulation and deflection speed should increase due to the decrease in permittivity, it is unclear how this will affect the deflection characteristics of the crystal at temperatures below its phase transition. In response, the deflection properties of transparent ferroelectric KTN crystals are analyzed to explore their potential as a megahertz EO deflector. These have shown a 10X increase in deflection speed and a 2X increase in deflection angle in comparison to its paraelectric equivalent. The physical mechanism behind this may involve both the optimization of permittivity and injected space charge, as well as the influence of piezoelectricity under a transparent ferroelectric state, but this may require further investigation. Even with these qualities, beam profile deformation can arise due to the deflection angle mid-point position, the deflection angle amplitude and laser pulse fluence. In particular, the laser pulse fluence has made high quality beam deflection of ultrashort laser pulses impractical. To solve this, it is demonstrated that UV illumination can eliminate the beam deformation affects that arise from fs pulsed laser deflection and improve the modulation switching speed and ratio of a pulsed energy source. This is revealed to be due to the UV light ability to increase conductivity within KTN crystal. This results in an increased flow of free charge within the crystal which decreases the depolarization field due to a pulsed energy source and limits the amount of trapped charges. This can result in the use of UV to reveal other traits and applications for KTN based devices that leads to the discussion of future works that define the next steps toward optimizing KTN based devices, such as sub-nano- to pico-second switching in ultrathin KTN devices using a UV-fs pulsed lasing source.
일반주제명  
Cooling
일반주제명  
Response time
일반주제명  
Interferometry
일반주제명  
Electrodes
일반주제명  
Spectrum analysis
일반주제명  
Single crystals
일반주제명  
Lasers
일반주제명  
Electric fields
일반주제명  
Symmetry
일반주제명  
Phase transitions
일반주제명  
Illustrations
일반주제명  
Potassium
일반주제명  
Research & development--R&D
일반주제명  
Optics
일반주제명  
Ferroelectrics
일반주제명  
Analytical chemistry
일반주제명  
Electromagnetics
기타저자  
The Pennsylvania State University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aShang,  Annan  Quartey.
■24510▼aDomain  and  Ultraviolet  Engineered  Device  Development  of  Potassium  Tantalate  Niobate  Single  Crystal  Electro  Optic  Modulators  and  Deflectors
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Pennsylvania  State  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a202  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Yin,  Shizhuo.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Pennsylvania  State  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aElectro  optic  (EO)  based  systems  are  commonly  used  in  the  areas  of  high-speed  sensing,  3D  printing,  and  imaging;  and  lead  to  the  development  of  devices  such  as  high-speed  beam  deflectors  and  modulators.  This  material  characteristic  also  has  cross-dependent  terms,  like  permittivity  and  electrostriction  (ES),  that  make  them  proportional  to  other  crystal  properties  and  determine  the  macroscopic  state  of  many  crystals.  Detailed  analyses  of  these  cross-dependent  term  can  both  improve  our  material  comprehension  and  expand  our  approach  towards  the  advancement  of  these  systems.This  dissertation  examines  the  experimental  utilization  of  an  externally  applied  strain,  thermal  condition  and  light  illumination  to  optimize  or  improve  the  relative  permittivity  within  potassium  tantalate  niobate  e  (KTa1-xcomp  Nb1-xcomp  O3,  KTN)  based  devices.  The  KTN  based  devices  within  this  dissertation  focus  on  those  whose  composition  result  in  a  paraelectric  (PE)  phase  transition  temperature  near  room  temperature,  a  composition,  xcomp,  of  0.395-0.404).  Their  strong  electro  optic  properties  near  this  composition  are  the  major  motivator  for  many  advancements  in  KTN  based  and  related  devices.  However,  its  temperature  dependency,  frequency  dependency  and  perovskite  relaxor  ferroelectric  nature  often  inhibit  the  functionality  of  their  applications.Investigations  conducted  within  this  dissertation  confirm  that  rapid  cooling  can  create  both  a  large  EO  and  ES  effect  that  affects  its  properties  above  and  below  its  phase  transition  temperature.  It  is  observed  that  a  high  cooling  rate  of  0.75  ⁰C/s  results  in  a  2X  increase  in  the  relative  permittivity  of  the  KTN  crystal.  Rapid  cooling  creates  quenched  and  reoriented  polar  nano-regions  (PNRs)  due  to  the  nano-disordered  property  of  KTN  crystals;  and  increasing  this  cooling  rate  promotes  the  enhancement  of  this  nano-disordered  property  which  results  in  enhanced  EO  and  ES  properties.  As  the  operation  temperature  of  KTN  based  devices  are  above  and  near  its  phase  transition  temperature  and  the  applied  electric  field  is  large,  the  crystal  undergoes  an  electric  field  induced  phase  transition  that  inhibits  its  operating  speed  and  deflection  range.To  nullify  this  property  and  resolve  the  functional  complexity  of  an  electric  field  induced  transparent  ferroelectric  state,  a  thermally  controlled,  domain  engineering  (DE)  recipe  is  developed  to  enable  a  transparent  ferroelectric  state  whose  functionality  is  not  limited  by  an  electric  field  induced  phase  transition  and  displays  a  5X  increase  in  its  linear  EO  coefficient  compared  to  conventional  (non-DE)  KTN  crystals  of  similar  composition  with  no  loss  in  modulation  speed.  The  transparent  ferroelectric  state  (DE-KTN)  is  confirmed  by  observing  the  Raman  spectra,  electrical  hysteresis,  polarized  light  microscopy  and  beam  profile  data  of  both  the  DE  and  non-DE  ferroelectric  KTN  crystal.  The  result  of  this  state  may  be  due  to  the  two-step  thermal  annealing  process  that  combines  the  creation  of  PNRs  upon  the  rapid  cooling  first  step,  and  the  irregular,  diffuse  boundaries  and  high  anisotropic  traits  of  these  PNRs  that  enable  an  abnormal  domain  growth-like  process  under  the  slow  cooling  second  step.The  paraelectric  to  ferroelectric  phase  transition  of  KTN  crystals  decrease  the  permittivity  from  15,000  to  3,000.  Although  the  modulation  and  deflection  speed  should  increase  due  to  the  decrease  in  permittivity,  it  is  unclear  how  this  will  affect  the  deflection  characteristics  of  the  crystal  at  temperatures  below  its  phase  transition.  In  response,  the  deflection  properties  of  transparent  ferroelectric  KTN  crystals  are  analyzed  to  explore  their  potential  as  a  megahertz  EO  deflector.  These  have  shown  a  10X  increase  in  deflection  speed  and  a  2X  increase  in  deflection  angle  in  comparison  to  its  paraelectric  equivalent.  The  physical  mechanism  behind  this  may  involve  both  the  optimization  of  permittivity  and  injected  space  charge,  as  well  as  the  influence  of  piezoelectricity  under  a  transparent  ferroelectric  state,  but  this  may  require  further  investigation.  Even  with  these  qualities,  beam  profile  deformation  can  arise  due  to  the  deflection  angle  mid-point  position,  the  deflection  angle  amplitude  and  laser  pulse  fluence.  In  particular,  the  laser  pulse  fluence  has  made  high  quality  beam  deflection  of  ultrashort  laser  pulses  impractical.  To  solve  this,  it  is  demonstrated  that  UV  illumination  can  eliminate  the  beam  deformation  affects  that  arise  from  fs  pulsed  laser  deflection  and  improve  the  modulation  switching  speed  and  ratio  of  a  pulsed  energy  source.  This  is  revealed  to  be  due  to  the  UV  light  ability  to  increase  conductivity  within  KTN  crystal.  This  results  in  an  increased  flow  of  free  charge  within  the  crystal  which  decreases  the  depolarization  field  due  to  a  pulsed  energy  source  and  limits  the  amount  of  trapped  charges.  This  can  result  in  the  use  of  UV  to  reveal  other  traits  and  applications  for  KTN  based  devices  that  leads  to  the  discussion  of  future  works  that  define  the  next  steps  toward  optimizing  KTN  based  devices,  such  as  sub-nano-  to  pico-second  switching  in  ultrathin  KTN  devices  using  a  UV-fs  pulsed  lasing  source.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0176.
■650  4▼aCooling
■650  4▼aResponse  time
■650  4▼aInterferometry
■650  4▼aElectrodes
■650  4▼aSpectrum  analysis
■650  4▼aSingle  crystals
■650  4▼aLasers
■650  4▼aElectric  fields
■650  4▼aSymmetry
■650  4▼aPhase  transitions
■650  4▼aIllustrations
■650  4▼aPotassium
■650  4▼aResearch  &  development--R&D
■650  4▼aOptics
■650  4▼aFerroelectrics
■650  4▼aAnalytical  chemistry
■650  4▼aElectromagnetics
■690    ▼a0752
■690    ▼a0486
■690    ▼a0607
■71020▼aThe  Pennsylvania  State  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
■790    ▼a0176
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162895▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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