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Characterizing Incoming Plate Hydration and Overriding Plate Structure at Subduction Zones: Implications for Plate Boundary Slip Behavior
Characterizing Incoming Plate Hydration and Overriding Plate Structure at Subduction Zones...
Characterizing Incoming Plate Hydration and Overriding Plate Structure at Subduction Zones: Implications for Plate Boundary Slip Behavior

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152940
ISBN  
9798384493518
DDC  
550
저자명  
Acquisto, Tanner Michael.
서명/저자  
Characterizing Incoming Plate Hydration and Overriding Plate Structure at Subduction Zones: Implications for Plate Boundary Slip Behavior
발행사항  
[Sl] : Columbia University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
234 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Becel, Anne.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Subduction zones, where one tectonic plate descends beneath another, are the most seismically active regions on Earth and have produced the largest earthquakes and some of the most destructive tsunamis ever recorded. Significant questions remain regarding the roles both the downgoing and overriding plates play in contributing to varying styles of rupture along the main seismogenic contact between the two plates, or megathrust, where such great (Mw 8) earthquakes are generated. In the last few decades, the scientific community has recognized how different structural and compositional properties of both plates, and in particular the hydration state of the incoming plate can contribute to variations in megathrust slip behaviors. In this thesis, I show how marine multichannel seismic (MCS) and ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) data can be used to investigate structural controls on megathrust slip behavior including the different styles of great earthquakes and/or the generation of slow slip events.Offshore Alaska and Sumatra, we used long-streamer multichannel seismic data to create a high-resolution P-wave velocity (Vp) model of the upper oceanic crust prior to subduction. Using a differential effective medium theory, we place the first constraints on the amounts pore (free) water contained therein. Our results indicate that the uppermost oceanic crust of the incoming plates in both regions is significantly hydrated. Offshore Alaska, we show that pervasive faulting in the bending area allows seawater to penetrateinto the uppermost crust. We propose that high water content in uppermost crust might contribute to observations of low coupling along the shallow plate interface in this area through the expulsion of pore fluids. Geochemical analyses of arc lavas in this segment of the Alaska subduction zone suggests significant fluid release from the downgoing crust compared to adjacent segments. Thus, we propose that during subduction, additional bending and high-temperature circulation of remaining pore fluids could further alter the upper oceanic crust that dehydrates around sub-arc depths. Offshore Sumatra, few bending-related faults are observed; however, evidence for significant and homogeneous hydration within the the uppermost crustal layer 2A (extrusives) suggests that plate bending plays a role in the shallow reopening cracks, facilitating the shallow penetration of seawater. In layer 2B (sheeted dikes) just below, our results suggest heterogeneous, yet significant, hydration that we attribute to the slow and diffuse deformation taking place in the Wharton Basin. We speculate that the large amounts of upper-crustal water carried into the Sumatra subduction zone can influence shallow slip behavior, as evidenced by recent records of a long-lasting slow slip event in the area.To further explore potential structural and compositional controls on spatial varia- tions in megathrust slip behavior in Alaska, we use OBS data to create a 3D Vp model of the Alaska Peninsula Subduction zone within a 500-by-400 km wide area with good resolution down to 20-25 km depths in both the incoming and overriding plates. Our model samples two subduction zone segments that exhibit differences in history and style of megathrust rupture. We interpret reductions in seismic velocities within the incoming plate as evidence for modest hydration of the Pacific oceanic plate resulting from a series of fracture zones and the formation of large seamounts and an associated basement swell, or platform. The bathymetry of the seamounts and platform in part modulates the distribution and lithology of subducting sediments across the margin that we propose might influence shallow slip behavior. Within the overriding North American plate, we see evidence for contrasting styles of deformation and variations in composition (i.e., rigidity) that agrees well with observed changes in plate coupling and great earthquake history. These results emphasize the importance of considering not only one, but several factors related to both the incoming and overriding plates which collectively contribute to along-strike and downdip variations in megathrust slip behavior between segments.Our final study looks at the incoming Cocos plate just before it subducts offshore Mexico beneath the North American plate. Here we jointly inverted 2D OBS and long-offset MCS data acquired parallel to the trench to derive a 270 km-long, high-resolution Vp model of the entire oceanic crust and uppermost mantle. We provide the first constraints on the quantities of both free and structural (i.e., mineral-bound) water contained within the Cocos plate outboard of the Guerrero Gap and adjacent segments of the Mexican subduction zone. The Guerrero gap hosts large slow slip events that are commonly explained through the release of water through the dehydration of altered sediments and upper oceanic crust downdip. Strikingly, our results show that while the Cocos plate is hydrated offshore Mexico, nearly all of the water is contained within the upper oceanic crust. Moreover, we see that most of the water by weight is present as free fluids in the pores and that the upper oceanic crust is only moderately altered (0.3-1.3 wt.%) compared to global averages ( 1.5-3 wt.%). While the upper crust appears hydrated everywhere across our profile, we find that ∼30% more water is subducting outboard the Guerrero seismic gap where large seamounts contribute to a thicker extrusive layer and more alteration. This, along with evidence for the subduction of seamounts in Guerrero might help explain observations of weak shallow plate coupling and a greater propensity for slow slip at greater seismogenic depths compared to adjacent segments. These results provide important new constraints on how much pore and structural water is carried in the Cocos plate offshore Mexico. We propose that global estimates of incoming structural water content are not applicable everywhere, as is commonly assumed by petrologic and thermal models. Much less structural water may be needed within the upper oceanic crust just before subduction to explain the occurrence of slow-slip events downdip in some subduction zones.
일반주제명  
Geophysics
일반주제명  
Marine geology
키워드  
Megathrust behavior
키워드  
Subduction zones
키워드  
Water content
키워드  
Compositional properties
기타저자  
Columbia University Earth and Environmental Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aAcquisto,  Tanner  Michael.
■24510▼aCharacterizing  Incoming  Plate  Hydration  and  Overriding  Plate  Structure  at  Subduction  Zones:  Implications  for  Plate  Boundary  Slip  Behavior
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bColumbia  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a234  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Becel,  Anne.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Columbia  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aSubduction  zones,  where  one  tectonic  plate  descends  beneath  another,  are  the  most  seismically  active  regions  on  Earth  and  have  produced  the  largest  earthquakes  and  some  of  the  most  destructive  tsunamis  ever  recorded.  Significant  questions  remain  regarding  the  roles  both  the  downgoing  and  overriding  plates  play  in  contributing  to  varying  styles  of  rupture  along  the  main  seismogenic  contact  between  the  two  plates,  or  megathrust,  where  such  great  (Mw    8)  earthquakes  are  generated.  In  the  last  few  decades,  the  scientific  community  has  recognized  how  different  structural  and  compositional  properties  of  both  plates,  and  in  particular  the  hydration  state  of  the  incoming  plate  can  contribute  to  variations  in  megathrust  slip  behaviors.  In  this  thesis,  I  show  how  marine  multichannel  seismic  (MCS)  and  ocean-bottom  seismometer  (OBS)  data  can  be  used  to  investigate  structural  controls  on  megathrust  slip  behavior  including  the  different  styles  of  great  earthquakes  and/or  the  generation  of  slow  slip  events.Offshore  Alaska  and  Sumatra,  we  used  long-streamer  multichannel  seismic  data  to  create  a  high-resolution  P-wave  velocity  (Vp)  model  of  the  upper  oceanic  crust  prior  to  subduction.  Using  a  differential  effective  medium  theory,  we  place  the  first  constraints  on  the  amounts  pore  (free)  water  contained  therein.  Our  results  indicate  that  the  uppermost  oceanic  crust  of  the  incoming  plates  in  both  regions  is  significantly  hydrated.  Offshore  Alaska,  we  show  that  pervasive  faulting  in  the  bending  area  allows  seawater  to  penetrateinto  the  uppermost  crust.  We  propose  that  high  water  content  in  uppermost  crust  might  contribute  to  observations  of  low  coupling  along  the  shallow  plate  interface  in  this  area  through  the  expulsion  of  pore  fluids.  Geochemical  analyses  of  arc  lavas  in  this  segment  of  the  Alaska  subduction  zone  suggests  significant  fluid  release  from  the  downgoing  crust  compared  to  adjacent  segments.  Thus,  we  propose  that  during  subduction,  additional  bending  and  high-temperature  circulation  of  remaining  pore  fluids  could  further  alter  the  upper  oceanic  crust  that  dehydrates  around  sub-arc  depths.  Offshore  Sumatra,  few  bending-related  faults  are  observed;  however,  evidence  for  significant  and  homogeneous  hydration  within  the  the  uppermost  crustal  layer  2A  (extrusives)  suggests  that  plate  bending  plays  a  role  in  the  shallow  reopening  cracks,  facilitating  the  shallow  penetration  of  seawater.  In  layer  2B  (sheeted  dikes)  just  below,  our  results  suggest  heterogeneous,  yet  significant,  hydration  that  we  attribute  to  the  slow  and  diffuse  deformation  taking  place  in  the  Wharton  Basin.  We  speculate  that  the  large  amounts  of  upper-crustal  water  carried  into  the  Sumatra  subduction  zone  can  influence  shallow  slip  behavior,  as  evidenced  by  recent  records  of  a  long-lasting  slow  slip  event  in  the  area.To  further  explore  potential  structural  and  compositional  controls  on  spatial  varia-  tions  in  megathrust  slip  behavior  in  Alaska,  we  use  OBS  data  to  create  a  3D  Vp  model  of  the  Alaska  Peninsula  Subduction  zone  within  a  500-by-400  km  wide  area  with  good  resolution  down  to  20-25  km  depths  in  both  the  incoming  and  overriding  plates.  Our  model  samples  two  subduction  zone  segments  that  exhibit  differences  in  history  and  style  of  megathrust  rupture.  We  interpret  reductions  in  seismic  velocities  within  the  incoming  plate  as  evidence  for  modest  hydration  of  the  Pacific  oceanic  plate  resulting  from  a  series  of  fracture  zones  and  the  formation  of  large  seamounts  and  an  associated  basement  swell,  or  platform.  The  bathymetry  of  the  seamounts  and  platform  in  part  modulates  the  distribution  and  lithology  of  subducting  sediments  across  the  margin  that  we  propose  might  influence  shallow  slip  behavior.  Within  the  overriding  North  American  plate,  we  see  evidence  for  contrasting  styles  of  deformation  and  variations  in  composition  (i.e.,  rigidity)  that  agrees  well  with  observed  changes  in  plate  coupling  and  great  earthquake  history.  These  results  emphasize  the  importance  of  considering  not  only  one,  but  several  factors  related  to  both  the  incoming  and  overriding  plates  which  collectively  contribute  to  along-strike  and  downdip  variations  in  megathrust  slip  behavior  between  segments.Our  final  study  looks  at  the  incoming  Cocos  plate  just  before  it  subducts  offshore  Mexico  beneath  the  North  American  plate.  Here  we  jointly  inverted  2D  OBS  and  long-offset  MCS  data  acquired  parallel  to  the  trench  to  derive  a  270  km-long,  high-resolution  Vp  model  of  the  entire  oceanic  crust  and  uppermost  mantle.  We  provide  the  first  constraints  on  the  quantities  of  both  free  and  structural  (i.e.,  mineral-bound)  water  contained  within  the  Cocos  plate  outboard  of  the  Guerrero  Gap  and  adjacent  segments  of  the  Mexican  subduction  zone.  The  Guerrero  gap  hosts  large  slow  slip  events  that  are  commonly  explained  through  the  release  of  water  through  the  dehydration  of  altered  sediments  and  upper  oceanic  crust  downdip.  Strikingly,  our  results  show  that  while  the  Cocos  plate  is  hydrated  offshore  Mexico,  nearly  all  of  the  water  is  contained  within  the  upper  oceanic  crust.  Moreover,  we  see  that  most  of  the  water  by  weight  is  present  as  free  fluids  in  the  pores  and  that  the  upper  oceanic  crust  is  only  moderately  altered  (0.3-1.3  wt.%)  compared  to  global  averages  (  1.5-3  wt.%).  While  the  upper  crust  appears  hydrated  everywhere  across  our  profile,  we  find  that  ∼30%  more  water  is  subducting  outboard  the  Guerrero  seismic  gap  where  large  seamounts  contribute  to  a  thicker  extrusive  layer  and  more  alteration.  This,  along  with  evidence  for  the  subduction  of  seamounts  in  Guerrero  might  help  explain  observations  of  weak  shallow  plate  coupling  and  a  greater  propensity  for  slow  slip  at  greater  seismogenic  depths  compared  to  adjacent  segments.  These  results  provide  important  new  constraints  on  how  much  pore  and  structural  water  is  carried  in  the  Cocos  plate  offshore  Mexico.  We  propose  that  global  estimates  of  incoming  structural  water  content  are  not  applicable  everywhere,  as  is  commonly  assumed  by  petrologic  and  thermal  models.  Much  less  structural  water  may  be  needed  within  the  upper  oceanic  crust  just  before  subduction  to  explain  the  occurrence  of  slow-slip  events  downdip  in  some  subduction  zones.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0054.
■650  4▼aGeophysics
■650  4▼aMarine  geology
■653    ▼aMegathrust  behavior
■653    ▼aSubduction  zones
■653    ▼aWater  content
■653    ▼aCompositional  properties
■690    ▼a0373
■690    ▼a0556
■690    ▼a0467
■71020▼aColumbia  University▼bEarth  and  Environmental  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-04B.
■790    ▼a0054
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164264▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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