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I: Antibody and Compound Drug Discovery for Pan-Coronavirus II: PLD3 and PLD4: A Tale of Two Exonucleases
I: Antibody and Compound Drug Discovery for Pan-Coronavirus II: PLD3 and PLD4: A Tale of T...
I: Antibody and Compound Drug Discovery for Pan-Coronavirus II: PLD3 and PLD4: A Tale of Two Exonucleases

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152716
ISBN  
9798384063728
DDC  
574
저자명  
Peng, Linghang Steve.
서명/저자  
I: Antibody and Compound Drug Discovery for Pan-Coronavirus II: PLD3 and PLD4: A Tale of Two Exonucleases
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Scripps Research Institute, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
232 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Nemazee, David;Teijaro, John R.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Scripps Research Institute, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Part I: Antibody and Compound Drug Discovery for Pan-coronavirusCOVID-19 is the largest recorded pandemic in human history. The pathogen of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, is an enveloped ssRNA virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family. Spike is the major glycoprotein on SARS-CoV-2 responsible for receptor (ACE2) binding and cell entry, and also the target for neutralizing antibodies.In this part of my thesis, we first set up several assays at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, including pseudotyped virus (PSV) assay, proximity-based neutralization (PBN) assay, SARS-CoV-2 live virus neutralization protocols and cell-cell fusion assays. PSV assay uses lenti- or retroviral backbones and coronavirus spike protein to produce replication-incompetent virions that mimic authentic spike-receptor interaction and viral entry process. PBN assay uses split luciferase fused to spike and ACE2 to measure the antibody titer blocking spike-ACE2 interactions in vitro, being a rapid, cell-free alternative of traditional cell-based neutralization assay. These assays have greatly accelerated the research on SARS-CoV-2.Then we applied these assays to specific research projects. Using the PSV assay, we initiated a high throughput compound screening for SARS-CoV-2 viral entry inhibitors in collaboration with Scripps Calibr. Within the ReFRAME library, 18 potent coronavirus-specific entry inhibitors were identified and they exhibited (sub)micromolar IC50 against SARS-CoV-2 PSV and live virus in vitro. The mechanisms of action needed further investigation.Another project is to characterize SARS-CoV-2 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAb) in collaboration with NIH. We performed neutralization assays to characterize pan-coronavirus reactive mAbs and identified two conserved epitopes on spike-S2 domain: fusion peptide (FP) and stem helix (SH) region for SARS-CoV-2 bnAbs. Selected bnAbs, including COV44-79 (anti-FP) and COV89-22 (anti-SH), protected animals from SARS-CoV-2 and MERS infection. Sequence analysis of anti-SH bnAbs identified a dominant heavy and light chain V gene combination of VH1-46 and VK3-20, which may instruct future germline-targeting vaccine design for pan-coronaviruses.Part II: PLD3 and PLD4: A Tale of Two ExonucleasesNucleic acid sensing is an important aspect of innate immunity. Endosomal toll-like receptors TLR7/8/9 detect the presence of ssRNA and ssDNA with CpG motifs, respectively and activate pro-inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB. Phospholipase D family members PLD3 and PLD4 are two endolysosomal 5' exonucleases that digest ssDNA and ssRNA to regulate the activation of multiple nucleic acid sensors including TLR7/9 and STING. In Pld3-/-Pld4-/- mouse model, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)-like symptoms were observed, and the mice died of severe autoimmunity one month after birth. PLD3 and PLD4 have been genetically associated with neuro-degenerative disorders and autoimmune diseases, respectively. However, the detailed mechanism is unclear.Here, we conducted biochemical experiments to study the enzymology of PLD3 and PLD4. The crystal structures of mouse PLD3 and human PLD4 ectodomain were determined. PLD3 and PLD4 form homodimers, and within each molecule domain A and B form an intra-chain dimer, with a basic catalytic site at the interface. Based on the structure, a two-step Ping-Pong mechanism of catalysis was proposed. In addition, by capturing a pHis intermediate of PLD3, we unexpectedly discovered the 5' phosphatase of PLD3/4. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay and reporter cell assay were established to measure the enzyme activity of PLD3/4 in vitro. Mutagenesis of key amino acids on PLD3/4 revealed structure-function relationships. We also investigated the biochemical properties of several disease-associated mutants, and found several mutants (hPLD3 I163M and L308P; hPLD4: R235Q and S283L) have reduced enzymatic activity and thermostability.Using the same FRET assay, we carried out a high throughput screening for PLD3 and PLD4 inhibitors. Several compounds with (sub)micromolar IC50 values have been identified, and we confirmed their potency in vitro. Since PLD3 and PLD4 inhibition leads to nucleic acid sensor-driven immune activations, we propose that these inhibitors may have a potential value in cancer immunotherapy and vaccine adjuvant.
일반주제명  
Biology
일반주제명  
Immunology
일반주제명  
Virology
키워드  
Broadly neutralizing antibodies
키워드  
PLD3 inhibitors
키워드  
PLD4 inhibitors
키워드  
SARS-CoV-2
키워드  
Responsible for receptor
기타저자  
The Scripps Research Institute Immunology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aPeng,  Linghang  Steve.
■24510▼aI:  Antibody  and  Compound  Drug  Discovery  for  Pan-Coronavirus  II:  PLD3  and  PLD4:  A  Tale  of  Two  Exonucleases
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Scripps  Research  Institute▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a232  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Nemazee,  David;Teijaro,  John  R.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Scripps  Research  Institute,  2024.
■520    ▼aPart  I:  Antibody  and  Compound  Drug  Discovery  for  Pan-coronavirusCOVID-19  is  the  largest  recorded  pandemic  in  human  history.  The  pathogen  of  COVID-19,  SARS-CoV-2,  is  an  enveloped  ssRNA  virus  belonging  to  the  Coronaviridae  family.  Spike  is  the  major  glycoprotein  on  SARS-CoV-2  responsible  for  receptor  (ACE2)  binding  and  cell  entry,  and  also  the  target  for  neutralizing  antibodies.In  this  part  of  my  thesis,  we  first  set  up  several  assays  at  the  beginning  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  including  pseudotyped  virus  (PSV)  assay,  proximity-based  neutralization  (PBN)  assay,  SARS-CoV-2  live  virus  neutralization  protocols  and  cell-cell  fusion  assays.  PSV  assay  uses  lenti-  or  retroviral  backbones  and  coronavirus  spike  protein  to  produce  replication-incompetent  virions  that  mimic  authentic  spike-receptor  interaction  and  viral  entry  process.  PBN  assay  uses  split  luciferase  fused  to  spike  and  ACE2  to  measure  the  antibody  titer  blocking  spike-ACE2  interactions  in  vitro,  being  a  rapid,  cell-free  alternative  of  traditional  cell-based  neutralization  assay.  These  assays  have  greatly  accelerated  the  research  on  SARS-CoV-2.Then  we  applied  these  assays  to  specific  research  projects.  Using  the  PSV  assay,  we  initiated  a  high  throughput  compound  screening  for  SARS-CoV-2  viral  entry  inhibitors  in  collaboration  with  Scripps  Calibr.  Within  the  ReFRAME  library,  18  potent  coronavirus-specific  entry  inhibitors  were  identified  and  they  exhibited  (sub)micromolar  IC50  against  SARS-CoV-2  PSV  and  live  virus  in  vitro.  The  mechanisms  of  action  needed  further  investigation.Another  project  is  to  characterize  SARS-CoV-2  broadly  neutralizing  antibodies  (bnAb)  in  collaboration  with  NIH.  We  performed  neutralization  assays  to  characterize  pan-coronavirus  reactive  mAbs  and  identified  two  conserved  epitopes  on  spike-S2  domain:  fusion  peptide  (FP)  and  stem  helix  (SH)  region  for  SARS-CoV-2  bnAbs.  Selected  bnAbs,  including  COV44-79  (anti-FP)  and  COV89-22  (anti-SH),  protected  animals  from  SARS-CoV-2  and  MERS  infection.  Sequence  analysis  of  anti-SH  bnAbs  identified  a  dominant  heavy  and  light  chain  V  gene  combination  of  VH1-46  and  VK3-20,  which  may  instruct  future  germline-targeting  vaccine  design  for  pan-coronaviruses.Part  II:  PLD3  and  PLD4:  A  Tale  of  Two  ExonucleasesNucleic  acid  sensing  is  an  important  aspect  of  innate  immunity.  Endosomal  toll-like  receptors  TLR7/8/9  detect  the  presence  of  ssRNA  and  ssDNA  with  CpG  motifs,  respectively  and  activate  pro-inflammatory  pathways  such  as  NF-κB.  Phospholipase  D  family  members  PLD3  and  PLD4  are  two  endolysosomal  5'  exonucleases  that  digest  ssDNA  and  ssRNA  to  regulate  the  activation  of  multiple  nucleic  acid  sensors  including  TLR7/9  and  STING.  In  Pld3-/-Pld4-/-  mouse  model,  hemophagocytic  lymphohistiocytosis  (HLH)-like  symptoms  were  observed,  and  the  mice  died  of  severe  autoimmunity  one  month  after  birth.  PLD3  and  PLD4  have  been  genetically  associated  with  neuro-degenerative  disorders  and  autoimmune  diseases,  respectively.  However,  the  detailed  mechanism  is  unclear.Here,  we  conducted  biochemical  experiments  to  study  the  enzymology  of  PLD3  and  PLD4.  The  crystal  structures  of  mouse  PLD3  and  human  PLD4  ectodomain  were  determined.  PLD3  and  PLD4  form  homodimers,  and  within  each  molecule  domain  A  and  B  form  an  intra-chain  dimer,  with  a  basic  catalytic  site  at  the  interface.  Based  on  the  structure,  a  two-step  Ping-Pong  mechanism  of  catalysis  was  proposed.  In  addition,  by  capturing  a  pHis  intermediate  of  PLD3,  we  unexpectedly  discovered  the  5'  phosphatase  of  PLD3/4.  Fluorescence  resonance  energy  transfer  (FRET)  assay  and  reporter  cell  assay  were  established  to  measure  the  enzyme  activity  of  PLD3/4  in  vitro.  Mutagenesis  of  key  amino  acids  on  PLD3/4  revealed  structure-function  relationships.  We  also  investigated  the  biochemical  properties  of  several  disease-associated  mutants,  and  found  several  mutants  (hPLD3  I163M  and  L308P;  hPLD4:  R235Q  and  S283L)  have  reduced  enzymatic  activity  and  thermostability.Using  the  same  FRET  assay,  we  carried  out  a  high  throughput  screening  for  PLD3  and  PLD4  inhibitors.  Several  compounds  with  (sub)micromolar  IC50  values  have  been  identified,  and  we  confirmed  their  potency  in  vitro.  Since  PLD3  and  PLD4  inhibition  leads  to  nucleic  acid  sensor-driven  immune  activations,  we  propose  that  these  inhibitors  may  have  a  potential  value  in  cancer  immunotherapy  and  vaccine  adjuvant.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  1179.
■650  4▼aBiology
■650  4▼aImmunology
■650  4▼aVirology
■653    ▼aBroadly  neutralizing  antibodies
■653    ▼aPLD3  inhibitors
■653    ▼aPLD4  inhibitors
■653    ▼aSARS-CoV-2
■653    ▼aResponsible  for  receptor
■690    ▼a0306
■690    ▼a0982
■690    ▼a0720
■71020▼aThe  Scripps  Research  Institute▼bImmunology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
■790    ▼a1179
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163498▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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