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Towards a Computational Theory of the Brain: The Simplest Neural Models, and a Hypothesis for Language
Towards a Computational Theory of the Brain: The Simplest Neural Models, and a Hypothesis ...
Towards a Computational Theory of the Brain: The Simplest Neural Models, and a Hypothesis for Language

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152725
ISBN  
9798383695739
DDC  
004
저자명  
Mitropolsky, Daniel.
서명/저자  
Towards a Computational Theory of the Brain: The Simplest Neural Models, and a Hypothesis for Language
발행사항  
[Sl] : Columbia University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
132 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Papadimitriou, Christos.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Obtaining a computational understanding of the brain is one of the most important problems in basic science. However, the brain is an incredibly complex organ, and neurobiological research has uncovered enormous amounts of detail at almost every level of analysis (the synapse, the neuron, other brain cells, brain circuits, areas, and so on); it is unclear which of these details are conceptually significant to the basic way in which the brain computes. An essential approach to the eventual resolution of this problem is the definition and study of theoretical computational models, based on varying abstractions and inclusions of such details. This thesis defines and studies a family of models, called NEMO, based on a particular set of well-established facts or well-founded assumptions in neuroscience: atomic neural firing, random connectivity, inhibition as a local dynamic firing threshold, and fully local plasticity. This thesis asks: what sort of algorithms are possible in these computational models? To the extent possible, what seem to be the simplest assumptions where interesting computation becomes possible? Additionally, can we find algorithms for cognitive phenomena that, in addition to serving as a "proof of capacity" of the computational model, otherwise reflect what is known about these processes in the brain? The major contributions of this thesis include:1. The formal definition of the basic-NEMO and NEMO models, with an explication of their neurobiological underpinnings (that is, realism as abstractions of the brain).2. Algorithms for the creation of neural assemblies, or highly dense interconnected subsets of neurons, and various operations manipulating such assemblies, including reciprocal projection, merge, association, disassociation, and pattern completion, all in the basic-NEMO model. Using these operations, we show the Turing-completeness of the NEMO model (with some specific additional assumptions).3. An algorithm for parsing a small but non-trivial subset of English and Russian (and more generally any regular language) in the NEMO model, with meta-features of the algorithm broadly in line with what is known about language in the brain.4. An algorithm for parsing a much larger subset of English (and other languages), in particular handling dependent (embedded) clauses, in the NEMO model with some additional memory assumptions. We prove that an abstraction of this algorithm yields a new characterization of the context-free languages.5. Algorithms for the blocks-world planning task, which involves outputting a sequence of steps to rearrange a stack of cubes in one order into another target order, in the NEMO model. A side consequence of this work is an algorithm for a chaining operation in basic-NEMO.6. Algorithms for several of the most basic and initial steps in language acquisition in the baby brain. This includes an algorithm for the learning of the simplest, concrete nouns and action verbs (words like "cat" and "jump") from whole sentences in basic-NEMO with a novel representation of word and contextual inputs. Extending the same model, we present an algorithm for an elementary component of syntax, namely learning the word order of 2-constituent intransitive and 3-constituent transitive sentences. These algorithms are very broadly in line with what is known about language in the brain.
일반주제명  
Computer science
일반주제명  
Neurosciences
일반주제명  
Information technology
키워드  
Assemblies
키워드  
Computational neuroscience
키워드  
Algorithm
키워드  
Brain
키워드  
Neural models
키워드  
Parsing
기타저자  
Columbia University Computer Science
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aMitropolsky,  Daniel.
■24510▼aTowards  a  Computational  Theory  of  the  Brain:  The  Simplest  Neural  Models,  and  a  Hypothesis  for  Language
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bColumbia  University▼c2024
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■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Columbia  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aObtaining  a  computational  understanding  of  the  brain  is  one  of  the  most  important  problems  in  basic  science.  However,  the  brain  is  an  incredibly  complex  organ,  and  neurobiological  research  has  uncovered  enormous  amounts  of  detail  at  almost  every  level  of  analysis  (the  synapse,  the  neuron,  other  brain  cells,  brain  circuits,  areas,  and  so  on);  it  is  unclear  which  of  these  details  are  conceptually  significant  to  the  basic  way  in  which  the  brain  computes.  An  essential  approach  to  the  eventual  resolution  of  this  problem  is  the  definition  and  study  of  theoretical  computational  models,  based  on  varying  abstractions  and  inclusions  of  such  details.  This  thesis  defines  and  studies  a  family  of  models,  called  NEMO,  based  on  a  particular  set  of  well-established  facts  or  well-founded  assumptions  in  neuroscience:  atomic  neural  firing,  random  connectivity,  inhibition  as  a  local  dynamic  firing  threshold,  and  fully  local  plasticity.  This  thesis  asks:  what  sort  of  algorithms  are  possible  in  these  computational  models?  To  the  extent  possible,  what  seem  to  be  the  simplest  assumptions  where  interesting  computation  becomes  possible?  Additionally,  can  we  find  algorithms  for  cognitive  phenomena  that,  in  addition  to  serving  as  a  "proof  of  capacity"  of  the  computational  model,  otherwise  reflect  what  is  known  about  these  processes  in  the  brain?  The  major  contributions  of  this  thesis  include:1.  The  formal  definition  of  the  basic-NEMO  and  NEMO  models,  with  an  explication  of  their  neurobiological  underpinnings  (that  is,  realism  as  abstractions  of  the  brain).2.  Algorithms  for  the  creation  of  neural  assemblies,  or  highly  dense  interconnected  subsets  of  neurons,  and  various  operations  manipulating  such  assemblies,  including  reciprocal  projection,  merge,  association,  disassociation,  and  pattern  completion,  all  in  the  basic-NEMO  model.  Using  these  operations,  we  show  the  Turing-completeness  of  the  NEMO  model  (with  some  specific  additional  assumptions).3.  An  algorithm  for  parsing  a  small  but  non-trivial  subset  of  English  and  Russian  (and  more  generally  any  regular  language)  in  the  NEMO  model,  with  meta-features  of  the  algorithm  broadly  in  line  with  what  is  known  about  language  in  the  brain.4.  An  algorithm  for  parsing  a  much  larger  subset  of  English  (and  other  languages),  in  particular  handling  dependent  (embedded)  clauses,  in  the  NEMO  model  with  some  additional  memory  assumptions.  We  prove  that  an  abstraction  of  this  algorithm  yields  a  new  characterization  of  the  context-free  languages.5.  Algorithms  for  the  blocks-world  planning  task,  which  involves  outputting  a  sequence  of  steps  to  rearrange  a  stack  of  cubes  in  one  order  into  another  target  order,  in  the  NEMO  model.  A  side  consequence  of  this  work  is  an  algorithm  for  a  chaining  operation  in  basic-NEMO.6.  Algorithms  for  several  of  the  most  basic  and  initial  steps  in  language  acquisition  in  the  baby  brain.  This  includes  an  algorithm  for  the  learning  of  the  simplest,  concrete  nouns  and  action  verbs  (words  like  "cat"  and  "jump")  from  whole  sentences  in  basic-NEMO  with  a  novel  representation  of  word  and  contextual  inputs.  Extending  the  same  model,  we  present  an  algorithm  for  an  elementary  component  of  syntax,  namely  learning  the  word  order  of  2-constituent  intransitive  and  3-constituent  transitive  sentences.  These  algorithms  are  very  broadly  in  line  with  what  is  known  about  language  in  the  brain.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0054.
■650  4▼aComputer  science
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■650  4▼aInformation  technology
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■653    ▼aComputational  neuroscience
■653    ▼aAlgorithm
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■653    ▼aNeural  models
■653    ▼aParsing
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■690    ▼a0317
■690    ▼a0489
■71020▼aColumbia  University▼bComputer  Science.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-02B.
■790    ▼a0054
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163570▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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