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Algorithms and Numerical Analysis in Quantum Computing
Algorithms and Numerical Analysis in Quantum Computing
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20250211151402
- ISBN
- 9798382228815
- DDC
- 519
- 저자명
- Haoya Li.
- 서명/저자
- Algorithms and Numerical Analysis in Quantum Computing
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : Stanford University, 2024
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
- 형태사항
- 239 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Ying, Lexing.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2024.
- 초록/해제
- 요약This dissertation covers several studies in the field of quantum computing and quantum algorithms from the perspective of an applied mathematician or numerical analyst. It is organized into the following four parts:In the first part (Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4 and Chapter 5), we develop a series of algorithms in quantum phase estimation (QPE). Quantum phase estimation is one of the critical building blocks of quantum computing. For early fault-tolerant quantum devices, it is desirable for a quantum phase estimation algorithm to (1) use a minimal number of ancilla qubits, (2) allow for inexact initial states with a significant residual, (3) achieve the Heisenberg limit for the total resource used, and (4) have a diminishing pre-factor for the maximum circuit length when the overlap between the initial state and the target state approaches one. In Chapter 2, we prove that the robust phase estimation (RPE) algorithm from quantum metrology can achieve the first three requirements. We also propose a modified version of RPE that meets the fourth requirement, making it particularly attractive for early fault-tolerant quantum devices. This chapter is based on the paper [191].As for the simultaneous estimation of multiple eigenvalues, the assumptions on the spectral gap become crucial, and one needs to develop new spectrum estimation algorithms for the gapless case. In Chapter 3, we consider the problem of approximating the locations of dominant spikes for a probability measure from noisy spectrum measurements under the condition of residue signal, significant noise level, and no minimum spectrum separation. We show that the simple procedure of thresholding the smoothed inverse Fourier transform allows for approximating the spike locations rather accurately. With the help of this procedure, we present a comprehensive algorithmic study of quantum phase estimation with multiple eigenvalues in Chapter 4. We propose robust multiple-phase estimation (RMPE) algorithms with Heisenberg-limited scaling. The proposed algorithms improve significantly from the idea of single-phase estimation methods by combining the carefully designed signal processing routine and an adaptive determination of runtime amplifying factors. They address both the integer-power model, where the unitary U is given as a black box with only integer runtime accessible, and the real-power model, where U is defined through a Hamiltonian H by U = exp(2πiH) with any real runtime allowed. These algorithms are also particularly suitable for early fault-tolerant quantum computers since they satisfy the requirements (1), (2), and (3) while achieving the requirement (4) given a gap among the dominant eigenvalues. Even if the eigenvalue gap does not exist, the proposed RMPE algorithms can achieve the Heisenberg limit while maintaining (1) and (2). These two chapters are based on the papers [150] and [149].As an attempt to build the most practical QPE algorithms, we develop the Quantum Multiple Eigenvalue Gaussian filtered Search (QMEGS) algorithm in Chapter 5, inspired by the signal processing routine in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4. QMEGS is the first algorithm to simultaneously satisfy the following two properties: (1) It can achieve the Heisenberg-limited scaling without relying on any spectral gap assumption. (2) With a positive energy gap and additional assumptions on the initial state, QMEGS can estimate all dominant eigenvalues to ✏ accuracy utilizing a significantly reduced circuit depth compared to the standard quantum phase estimation algorithm. In the most favorable scenario, the maximal runtime can be reduced to as low as log(1/∈). This implies that QMEGS is an efficient and versatile approach, achieving the best-known results for both gapped and gapless systems. This chapter is based on the work [75].In the second part (Chapter 6 and Chapter 7), we discuss two algorithms that deal with the Hamiltonian learning problem for Fermionic systems and Bosonic systems, respectively. Chapter 6 proposes a protocol for Fermionic Hamiltonian learning. The Heisenberg-limited scaling is achieved for the Hubbard model defined on a bounded-degree graph while allowing for state preparation and measurement errors. To achieve ∈- accurate estimation for all parameters, only \uD835\uDCDE˜(∈-1) total evolution time is needed, and the constant factor is independent of the system size. Moreover, the proposed method only involves simple one or two-site Fermionic manipulations, which is desirable for experiment implementation. In Chapter 7, we develop a protocol for learning a class of interacting bosonic Hamiltonians from dynamics with Heisenberg-limited scaling. For Hamiltonians with an underlying bounded-degree graph structure, we can learn all parameters with root mean square error ∈ using \uD835\uDCDE˜(∈-1) total evolution time, which is independent of the system size, in a way that is robust against state-preparation and measurement error. In the protocol, we only use bosonic coherent states, beam splitters, phase shifters, and homodyne measurements, which are easy to implement on many experimental platforms. These two chapters are based on the work [192] and [152].In the third part (Chapter 8), we present three algorithms for encoding the pseudo-differential operators. Block encoding lies at the core of many existing quantum algorithms. Meanwhile, efficient and explicit block encodings of dense operators are commonly considered challenging. This chapter presents a comprehensive study of the block encoding of a rich family of dense operators: the pseudo-differential operators (PDOs). First, a block encoding scheme for generic PDOs is developed. Then, we propose a more efficient scheme for PDOs with a separable structure. Finally, we demonstrate an explicit and efficient block encoding algorithm for PDOs with a dimension-wise fully separable structure. Complexity analysis is provided for all block encoding algorithms presented. The application of theoretical results is illustrated with worked examples, including the representation of variable coefficient elliptic operators and the computation of the inverse of elliptic operators without invoking quantum linear system algorithms (QLSAs). This chapter is based on the work [151].In the last part (Chapter 9), we present a reinforcement learning-based (or optimization-based) algorithm that solves the difficult optimization problem of variational circuits. Variational quantum algorithms stand at the forefront of simulations on near-term and future fault-tolerant quantum devices. While most variational quantum algorithms involve only continuous optimization variables, the representational power of the variational ansatz can sometimes be significantly enhanced by adding certain discrete optimization variables, as is exemplified by the generalized quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). However, the hybrid discrete-continuous optimization problem in the generalized QAOA poses a challenge to the optimization. We propose a new algorithm called MCTS-QAOA, which combines a Monte Carlo tree search method with an improved natural policy gradient solver to optimize the discrete and continuous variables in the quantum circuit, respectively. MCTS-QAOA has excellent noise-resilience properties and outperforms prior algorithms in challenging instances of the generalized QAOA. This chapter is based on the work [269].
- 일반주제명
- Applied mathematics
- 일반주제명
- Computer science
- 기타저자
- Stanford University.
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■0820 ▼a519
■1001 ▼aHaoya Li.
■24510▼aAlgorithms and Numerical Analysis in Quantum Computing
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford University▼c2024
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2024
■300 ▼a239 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Ying, Lexing.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2024.
■520 ▼aThis dissertation covers several studies in the field of quantum computing and quantum algorithms from the perspective of an applied mathematician or numerical analyst. It is organized into the following four parts:In the first part (Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4 and Chapter 5), we develop a series of algorithms in quantum phase estimation (QPE). Quantum phase estimation is one of the critical building blocks of quantum computing. For early fault-tolerant quantum devices, it is desirable for a quantum phase estimation algorithm to (1) use a minimal number of ancilla qubits, (2) allow for inexact initial states with a significant residual, (3) achieve the Heisenberg limit for the total resource used, and (4) have a diminishing pre-factor for the maximum circuit length when the overlap between the initial state and the target state approaches one. In Chapter 2, we prove that the robust phase estimation (RPE) algorithm from quantum metrology can achieve the first three requirements. We also propose a modified version of RPE that meets the fourth requirement, making it particularly attractive for early fault-tolerant quantum devices. This chapter is based on the paper [191].As for the simultaneous estimation of multiple eigenvalues, the assumptions on the spectral gap become crucial, and one needs to develop new spectrum estimation algorithms for the gapless case. In Chapter 3, we consider the problem of approximating the locations of dominant spikes for a probability measure from noisy spectrum measurements under the condition of residue signal, significant noise level, and no minimum spectrum separation. We show that the simple procedure of thresholding the smoothed inverse Fourier transform allows for approximating the spike locations rather accurately. With the help of this procedure, we present a comprehensive algorithmic study of quantum phase estimation with multiple eigenvalues in Chapter 4. We propose robust multiple-phase estimation (RMPE) algorithms with Heisenberg-limited scaling. The proposed algorithms improve significantly from the idea of single-phase estimation methods by combining the carefully designed signal processing routine and an adaptive determination of runtime amplifying factors. They address both the integer-power model, where the unitary U is given as a black box with only integer runtime accessible, and the real-power model, where U is defined through a Hamiltonian H by U = exp(2πiH) with any real runtime allowed. These algorithms are also particularly suitable for early fault-tolerant quantum computers since they satisfy the requirements (1), (2), and (3) while achieving the requirement (4) given a gap among the dominant eigenvalues. Even if the eigenvalue gap does not exist, the proposed RMPE algorithms can achieve the Heisenberg limit while maintaining (1) and (2). These two chapters are based on the papers [150] and [149].As an attempt to build the most practical QPE algorithms, we develop the Quantum Multiple Eigenvalue Gaussian filtered Search (QMEGS) algorithm in Chapter 5, inspired by the signal processing routine in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4. QMEGS is the first algorithm to simultaneously satisfy the following two properties: (1) It can achieve the Heisenberg-limited scaling without relying on any spectral gap assumption. (2) With a positive energy gap and additional assumptions on the initial state, QMEGS can estimate all dominant eigenvalues to ✏ accuracy utilizing a significantly reduced circuit depth compared to the standard quantum phase estimation algorithm. In the most favorable scenario, the maximal runtime can be reduced to as low as log(1/∈). This implies that QMEGS is an efficient and versatile approach, achieving the best-known results for both gapped and gapless systems. This chapter is based on the work [75].In the second part (Chapter 6 and Chapter 7), we discuss two algorithms that deal with the Hamiltonian learning problem for Fermionic systems and Bosonic systems, respectively. Chapter 6 proposes a protocol for Fermionic Hamiltonian learning. The Heisenberg-limited scaling is achieved for the Hubbard model defined on a bounded-degree graph while allowing for state preparation and measurement errors. To achieve ∈- accurate estimation for all parameters, only \uD835\uDCDE˜(∈-1) total evolution time is needed, and the constant factor is independent of the system size. Moreover, the proposed method only involves simple one or two-site Fermionic manipulations, which is desirable for experiment implementation. In Chapter 7, we develop a protocol for learning a class of interacting bosonic Hamiltonians from dynamics with Heisenberg-limited scaling. For Hamiltonians with an underlying bounded-degree graph structure, we can learn all parameters with root mean square error ∈ using \uD835\uDCDE˜(∈-1) total evolution time, which is independent of the system size, in a way that is robust against state-preparation and measurement error. In the protocol, we only use bosonic coherent states, beam splitters, phase shifters, and homodyne measurements, which are easy to implement on many experimental platforms. These two chapters are based on the work [192] and [152].In the third part (Chapter 8), we present three algorithms for encoding the pseudo-differential operators. Block encoding lies at the core of many existing quantum algorithms. Meanwhile, efficient and explicit block encodings of dense operators are commonly considered challenging. This chapter presents a comprehensive study of the block encoding of a rich family of dense operators: the pseudo-differential operators (PDOs). First, a block encoding scheme for generic PDOs is developed. Then, we propose a more efficient scheme for PDOs with a separable structure. Finally, we demonstrate an explicit and efficient block encoding algorithm for PDOs with a dimension-wise fully separable structure. Complexity analysis is provided for all block encoding algorithms presented. The application of theoretical results is illustrated with worked examples, including the representation of variable coefficient elliptic operators and the computation of the inverse of elliptic operators without invoking quantum linear system algorithms (QLSAs). This chapter is based on the work [151].In the last part (Chapter 9), we present a reinforcement learning-based (or optimization-based) algorithm that solves the difficult optimization problem of variational circuits. Variational quantum algorithms stand at the forefront of simulations on near-term and future fault-tolerant quantum devices. While most variational quantum algorithms involve only continuous optimization variables, the representational power of the variational ansatz can sometimes be significantly enhanced by adding certain discrete optimization variables, as is exemplified by the generalized quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). However, the hybrid discrete-continuous optimization problem in the generalized QAOA poses a challenge to the optimization. We propose a new algorithm called MCTS-QAOA, which combines a Monte Carlo tree search method with an improved natural policy gradient solver to optimize the discrete and continuous variables in the quantum circuit, respectively. MCTS-QAOA has excellent noise-resilience properties and outperforms prior algorithms in challenging instances of the generalized QAOA. This chapter is based on the work [269].
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0212.
■650 4▼aApplied mathematics
■650 4▼aComputer science
■653 ▼aQuantum computing
■653 ▼aQuantum metrology
■690 ▼a0984
■690 ▼a0364
■71020▼aStanford University.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g85-11B.
■790 ▼a0212
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2024
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161483▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


