본문

서브메뉴

Applications of Organochalcogen Catalysts in C-H Amination and Substitution Reactions
Applications of Organochalcogen Catalysts in C-H Amination and Substitution Reactions
Applications of Organochalcogen Catalysts in C-H Amination and Substitution Reactions

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211150923
ISBN  
9798382211237
DDC  
540
저자명  
Maloney, Timothy.
서명/저자  
Applications of Organochalcogen Catalysts in C-H Amination and Substitution Reactions
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Washington, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
54 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-10, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Michael, Forrest E.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약The field of C-H activation has been dominated by transition metal catalysis, especially in the formation of new C-N bonds. However, these complexes can be costly, often require arduous syntheses, and can be air and moisture sensitive. Vast amounts of research have been undertaken to elucidate selectivity in these pathways, but there remain regioselectivity and chemoselectivity obstacles to overcome. To avoid the unproductive side reactivity of transition metal complexes, to access structures orthogonal to those available, and to develop more easily tuned catalysts, the Michael Lab has spent tremendous effort in exploring organochalcogen compounds as alternatives to transition metal complexes. During our exploration, we found that in addition to oxidative chemistry, these compounds are competent nucleophiles able to form chalconium salts in situ. This observation revolutionized the way our lab thought about phasetransfer catalysis, precluding the need to use premade hygroscopic and difficult to recover salts. This dissertation presents work aimed at advancing the capabilities of organochalcogen species in the context of propargylic C-H amination, directed allylic C-H amination, and -onium salt phase-transfer catalysis.The first method discussed is the intermolecular propargylic C-H amination of alkynes. This reaction is transition metal-free, instead relying on phosphine selenide catalysts. Terminal, silyl, and internal alkynes bearing a wide range of functional groups can be aminated in high yields. Mechanistic studies revealed that the proposed ene reaction has a transition state that results in substantial partial positive charge development at the carbon atom proximal to the C-H being activated. This allowed inductive and/or hyperconjugative stabilization or destabilization of this positive charge to direct regioselective C-H amination.Next, a selenium catalyzed allylic C−H amination reaction of vinylsilanes and vinylboranes is discussed. These substrates are ubiquitous in organic synthesis, but direct functionalization of these species without the participation of either the C=C or C−Si/B bonds is rare. Due to the metal-free nature of this protocol, a new C-N bond can be installed without competing transmetallation or alkene addition reactions. In this transformation, the silicon or boron substituent inverts the usual regioselectivity, directing amination to the site distal to that group. Subsequent cross-coupling or demetallation allows access to complementary regioisomeric products.Finally, organochalcogen-catalyzed phase-transfer reactions are discussed. Contrary to traditional phase-transfer protocols which commonly rely on an exogenous catalyst to affect the solubility of reactants, the relevant ionic species is generated in situ via nucleophilic displacement of a variety of alkyl leaving group by chalcogen imidazole compounds. This mode of reactivity was studied in a wide range of non-polar and polar solvents allowing both solidliquid and liquid-liquid phase transfer reactions with anionic nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur nucleophiles. The neutral catalyst was easily recovered and recycled in opposition to conventional salts.
일반주제명  
Chemistry
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
일반주제명  
Organic chemistry
키워드  
Organochalcogen
키워드  
Catalysts
키워드  
C-H amination
키워드  
Alkynes
키워드  
Chalconium salts
기타저자  
University of Washington Chemistry
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-10B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

 008250123s2024        us                              c    eng  d
■001000017160162
■00520250211150923
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798382211237
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30987920
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a540
■1001  ▼aMaloney,  Timothy.
■24510▼aApplications  of  Organochalcogen  Catalysts  in  C-H  Amination  and  Substitution  Reactions
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Washington▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a54  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-10,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Michael,  Forrest  E.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Washington,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  field  of  C-H  activation  has  been  dominated  by  transition  metal  catalysis,  especially  in  the  formation  of  new  C-N  bonds.  However,  these  complexes  can  be  costly,  often  require  arduous  syntheses,  and  can  be  air  and  moisture  sensitive.  Vast  amounts  of  research  have  been  undertaken  to  elucidate  selectivity  in  these  pathways,  but  there  remain  regioselectivity  and  chemoselectivity  obstacles  to  overcome.  To  avoid  the  unproductive  side  reactivity  of  transition  metal  complexes,  to  access  structures  orthogonal  to  those  available,  and  to  develop  more  easily  tuned  catalysts,  the  Michael  Lab  has  spent  tremendous  effort  in  exploring  organochalcogen  compounds  as  alternatives  to  transition  metal  complexes.  During  our  exploration,  we  found  that  in  addition  to  oxidative  chemistry,  these  compounds  are  competent  nucleophiles  able  to  form  chalconium  salts  in  situ.  This  observation  revolutionized  the  way  our  lab  thought  about  phasetransfer  catalysis,  precluding  the  need  to  use  premade  hygroscopic  and  difficult  to  recover  salts.  This  dissertation  presents  work  aimed  at  advancing  the  capabilities  of  organochalcogen  species  in  the  context  of  propargylic  C-H  amination,  directed  allylic  C-H  amination,  and  -onium  salt  phase-transfer  catalysis.The  first  method  discussed  is  the  intermolecular  propargylic  C-H  amination  of  alkynes.  This  reaction  is  transition  metal-free,  instead  relying  on  phosphine  selenide  catalysts.  Terminal,  silyl,  and  internal  alkynes  bearing  a  wide  range  of  functional  groups  can  be  aminated  in  high  yields.  Mechanistic  studies  revealed  that  the  proposed  ene  reaction  has  a  transition  state  that  results  in  substantial  partial  positive  charge  development  at  the  carbon  atom  proximal  to  the  C-H  being  activated.  This  allowed  inductive  and/or  hyperconjugative  stabilization  or  destabilization  of  this  positive  charge  to  direct  regioselective  C-H  amination.Next,  a  selenium  catalyzed  allylic  C−H  amination  reaction  of  vinylsilanes  and  vinylboranes  is  discussed.  These  substrates  are  ubiquitous  in  organic  synthesis,  but  direct  functionalization  of  these  species  without  the  participation  of  either  the  C=C  or  C−Si/B  bonds  is  rare.  Due  to  the  metal-free  nature  of  this  protocol,  a  new  C-N  bond  can  be  installed  without  competing  transmetallation  or  alkene  addition  reactions.  In  this  transformation,  the  silicon  or  boron  substituent  inverts  the  usual  regioselectivity,  directing  amination  to  the  site  distal  to  that  group.  Subsequent  cross-coupling  or  demetallation  allows  access  to  complementary  regioisomeric  products.Finally,  organochalcogen-catalyzed  phase-transfer  reactions  are  discussed.  Contrary  to  traditional  phase-transfer  protocols  which  commonly  rely  on  an  exogenous  catalyst  to  affect  the  solubility  of  reactants,  the  relevant  ionic  species  is  generated  in  situ  via  nucleophilic  displacement  of  a  variety  of  alkyl  leaving  group  by  chalcogen  imidazole  compounds.  This  mode  of  reactivity  was  studied  in  a  wide  range  of  non-polar  and  polar  solvents  allowing  both  solidliquid  and  liquid-liquid  phase  transfer  reactions  with  anionic  nitrogen,  oxygen,  and  sulfur  nucleophiles.  The  neutral  catalyst  was  easily  recovered  and  recycled  in  opposition  to  conventional  salts.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0250.
■650  4▼aChemistry
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■650  4▼aOrganic  chemistry
■653    ▼aOrganochalcogen
■653    ▼aCatalysts
■653    ▼aC-H  amination
■653    ▼aAlkynes
■653    ▼aChalconium  salts
■690    ▼a0485
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0490
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Washington▼bChemistry.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-10B.
■790    ▼a0250
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160162▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

Preview

Export

ChatGPT Discussion

AI Recommended Related Books


    New Books MORE
    Statistics for the past 3 years. Go to brief

    Подробнее информация.

    • Бронирование
    • не существует
    • моя папка
    • Первый запрос зрения
    • Non-Book Loan Application
    • Nighttime Book Loan Application
    материал
    Reg No. Количество платежных Местоположение статус Ленд информации
    TF13066 전자도서 대출가능 My Folder 부재도서신고 비도서대출신청 야간 도서대출신청

    * Бронирование доступны в заимствований книги. Чтобы сделать предварительный заказ, пожалуйста, нажмите кнопку бронирование

    Books borrowed together with this book

    Related Popular Books

    Available after logging in.