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Characterization of the Mechanisms Driving the Transcription and Tumorigenic Potential of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus
Characterization of the Mechanisms Driving the Transcription and Tumorigenic Potential of ...
Characterization of the Mechanisms Driving the Transcription and Tumorigenic Potential of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211150939
ISBN  
9798382834306
DDC  
576.6
저자명  
Yang, June F.
서명/저자  
Characterization of the Mechanisms Driving the Transcription and Tumorigenic Potential of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Pennsylvania, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
157 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: You, Jianxin.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive form of skin cancer that metastasizes rapidly and resists most current therapies. Approximately 80% of MCC tumors are associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), which clonally integrates into the host cell genome prior to oncogenic expansion. MCPyV+ MCC oncogenic maintenance relies on the continuous expression of the viral tumor antigens, LTT and sT, such that cancer cell death occurs upon inhibition of tumor antigen expression. Additionally, the ability to express LT/sT in a potential host cell determines the virus' narrow infectious tropism. We therefore sought to understand the molecular mechanisms that control the expression of the viral oncogenes at the transcriptional level during infection and oncogenesis. Through inhibitor screening experiments, we identified the histone acetyltransferases (HATs) p300 and CBP as key regulators of MCPyV transcription. We discovered that p300/CBP mediate viral gene expression through both direct acetylation of viral genome-associated histones and through coactivation of the NCRR-binding transcription factor NF-κB. We also demonstrated that HAT inhibitors (HATis) specific to p300/CBP were highly effective at reducing LTT expression in MCPyV+ MCC cell lines, leading to tumor cell death. We investigated the cell-type specific factors that regulate MCPyV transcription in order to improve our understanding of the cell type(s) that may support MCPyV infection and tumorigenesis. We identified the B cell development factors EBF1 and PAX5 as regulators of MCPyV transcription in only MCPyV+ MCC and not during infection, demonstrating that viral gene expression is regulated differently in the contexts of infection and cancer. Furthermore, we examined the effects of a hypoxic microenvironment on MCPyV gene expression, and found that hypoxic conditions could induce or repress viral transcription depending on whether the host cell is a site of active inflammatory signaling.In our studies, we have identified multiple factors and mechanisms that regulate MCPyV gene expression during infection and oncogenesis. We have also established a novel MCPyV+ MCC treatment strategy of targeting LTT/sT expression through downregulation of their transcription via small molecule inhibition.
일반주제명  
Virology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Microbiology
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Oncology
키워드  
Merkel cell polyomavirus
키워드  
Transcription
키워드  
Tumor virus
키워드  
Viral oncoprotein
키워드  
Viral transcription
기타저자  
University of Pennsylvania Cell and Molecular Biology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■0820  ▼a576.6
■1001  ▼aYang,  June  F.
■24510▼aCharacterization  of  the  Mechanisms  Driving  the  Transcription  and  Tumorigenic  Potential  of  Merkel  Cell  Polyomavirus
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a157  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  You,  Jianxin.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Pennsylvania,  2024.
■520    ▼aMerkel  cell  carcinoma  (MCC)  is  a  rare  and  aggressive  form  of  skin  cancer  that  metastasizes  rapidly  and  resists  most  current  therapies.  Approximately  80%  of  MCC  tumors  are  associated  with  Merkel  cell  polyomavirus  (MCPyV),  which  clonally  integrates  into  the  host  cell  genome  prior  to  oncogenic  expansion.  MCPyV+  MCC  oncogenic  maintenance  relies  on  the  continuous  expression  of  the  viral  tumor  antigens,  LTT  and  sT,  such  that  cancer  cell  death  occurs  upon  inhibition  of  tumor  antigen  expression.  Additionally,  the  ability  to  express  LT/sT  in  a  potential  host  cell  determines  the  virus'  narrow  infectious  tropism.  We  therefore  sought  to  understand  the  molecular  mechanisms  that  control  the  expression  of  the  viral  oncogenes  at  the  transcriptional  level  during  infection  and  oncogenesis. Through  inhibitor  screening  experiments,  we  identified  the  histone  acetyltransferases  (HATs)  p300  and  CBP  as  key  regulators  of  MCPyV  transcription.  We  discovered  that  p300/CBP  mediate  viral  gene  expression  through  both  direct  acetylation  of  viral  genome-associated  histones  and  through  coactivation  of  the  NCRR-binding  transcription  factor  NF-κB.  We  also  demonstrated  that  HAT  inhibitors  (HATis)  specific  to  p300/CBP  were  highly  effective  at  reducing  LTT  expression  in  MCPyV+  MCC  cell  lines,  leading  to  tumor  cell  death. We  investigated  the  cell-type  specific  factors  that  regulate  MCPyV  transcription  in  order  to  improve  our  understanding  of  the  cell  type(s)  that  may  support  MCPyV  infection  and  tumorigenesis.  We  identified  the  B  cell  development  factors  EBF1  and  PAX5  as  regulators  of  MCPyV  transcription  in  only  MCPyV+  MCC  and  not  during  infection,  demonstrating  that  viral  gene expression  is  regulated  differently  in  the  contexts  of  infection  and  cancer.  Furthermore,  we  examined  the  effects  of  a  hypoxic  microenvironment  on  MCPyV  gene  expression,  and  found  that  hypoxic  conditions  could  induce  or  repress  viral  transcription  depending  on  whether  the  host  cell  is  a  site  of  active  inflammatory  signaling.In  our  studies,  we  have  identified  multiple  factors  and  mechanisms  that  regulate  MCPyV  gene  expression  during  infection  and  oncogenesis.  We  have  also  established  a  novel  MCPyV+  MCC  treatment  strategy  of  targeting  LTT/sT  expression  through  downregulation  of  their  transcription  via  small  molecule  inhibition. 
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0175.
■650  4▼aVirology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aMicrobiology
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aOncology
■653    ▼aMerkel  cell  polyomavirus
■653    ▼aTranscription
■653    ▼aTumor  virus
■653    ▼aViral  oncoprotein
■653    ▼aViral  transcription
■690    ▼a0720
■690    ▼a0307
■690    ▼a0410
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0992
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼bCell  and  Molecular  Biology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12B.
■790    ▼a0175
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160234▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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