본문

서브메뉴

What Makes a Common Cold Virus? Respiratory Viruses Differentially Interface with Antiviral Innate Immune Signaling in the Nasal Epithelium
What Makes a Common Cold Virus? Respiratory Viruses Differentially Interface with Antivira...
What Makes a Common Cold Virus? Respiratory Viruses Differentially Interface with Antiviral Innate Immune Signaling in the Nasal Epithelium

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211150958
ISBN  
9798382836089
DDC  
576.6
저자명  
Otter, Clayton J.
서명/저자  
What Makes a Common Cold Virus? Respiratory Viruses Differentially Interface with Antiviral Innate Immune Signaling in the Nasal Epithelium
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Pennsylvania, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
242 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Weiss, Susan R.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Respiratory viruses establish primary infections in the nasal epithelium, where efficient induction of antiviral innate immunity may result in local control of viral replication, restriction of spread to the lower airway, and minimal pathogenesis. Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) cause a range of respiratory disease in their hosts - ranging from asymptomatic infections to mild upper respiratory symptoms to lethal pneumonia. However, the virus-host interactions that determine disease outcome are poorly understood. Innate immune antagonism by HCoVs is one factor that likely contributes to disease severity, optimizing viral replication and allowing for uninhibited spread to the lower airway. Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are two lethal betacoronaviruses which encode various strategies to antagonize innate immune pathways induced following detection of double-stranded (ds)RNA by host sensors. Three dsRNA-induced pathways are investigated in this work: interferon (IFN) signaling, the protein kinase R (PKR) pathway, and the oligoadenylate ribonuclease (OAS/RNase L) pathway. Using recombinant viruses with inactivated antagonists of dsRNA-induced pathway, we find that MERS-CoV adeptly shuts down all three pathways via the combined activity of accessory proteins NS4a and NS4b, in addition to the conserved CoV endoribonuclease (nsp15 EndoU). Although SARS-CoV-2 modestly induces innate immune responses, inactivation of nsp15 EndoU during SARS-CoV-2 infection results in significantly increased IFN induction. We further find that inactivation of these viral antagonists confers attenuation of viral replication, which is rescued to wild-type levels when dsRNA-induced pathways were inhibited. We then leverage a primary nasal epithelial air-liquid interface (ALI) culture system to compare these lethal HCoVs with two common cold-associated HCoVs (HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63), as well as a prototypical common cold picornavirus human rhinovirus-16 (HRV-16). We identify features of common cold-associated viruses in this system: optimal replication at nasal airway temperature (33ºC), robust and early induction of IFN signaling, and IFN-mediated clearance by nasal epithelial cells. We additionally highlight temperature dependent IFN responses as a broad mechanism of viral restriction. These findings highlight the importance of innate immune responses as well as viral antagonism of these responses as determinants of clinical disease severity during respiratory virus infections.
일반주제명  
Virology
일반주제명  
Microbiology
일반주제명  
Immunology
일반주제명  
Epidemiology
키워드  
Common cold
키워드  
Coronavirus
키워드  
Innate immunity
키워드  
Interferon
키워드  
Nasal epithelium
키워드  
SARS-CoV-2
기타저자  
University of Pennsylvania Cell and Molecular Biology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

 008250123s2024        us                              c    eng  d
■001000017160327
■00520250211150958
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798382836089
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30993715
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a576.6
■1001  ▼aOtter,  Clayton  J.
■24510▼aWhat  Makes  a  Common  Cold  Virus?  Respiratory  Viruses  Differentially  Interface  with  Antiviral  Innate  Immune  Signaling  in  the  Nasal  Epithelium
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a242  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Weiss,  Susan  R.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Pennsylvania,  2024.
■520    ▼aRespiratory  viruses  establish  primary  infections  in  the  nasal  epithelium,  where  efficient  induction  of  antiviral  innate  immunity  may  result  in  local  control  of  viral  replication,  restriction  of  spread  to  the  lower  airway,  and  minimal  pathogenesis.  Human  coronaviruses  (HCoVs)  cause  a  range  of  respiratory  disease  in  their  hosts  -  ranging  from  asymptomatic  infections  to  mild  upper  respiratory  symptoms  to  lethal  pneumonia.  However,  the  virus-host  interactions  that  determine  disease  outcome  are  poorly  understood.  Innate  immune  antagonism  by  HCoVs  is  one  factor  that  likely  contributes  to  disease  severity,  optimizing  viral  replication  and  allowing  for  uninhibited  spread  to  the  lower  airway.  Middle  East  respiratory  syndrome  CoV  (MERS-CoV)  and  severe  acute  respiratory  syndrome-CoV-2  (SARS-CoV-2)  are  two  lethal  betacoronaviruses  which  encode  various  strategies  to  antagonize  innate  immune  pathways  induced  following  detection  of  double-stranded  (ds)RNA  by  host  sensors.  Three  dsRNA-induced  pathways  are  investigated  in  this  work:  interferon  (IFN)  signaling,  the  protein  kinase  R  (PKR)  pathway,  and  the  oligoadenylate  ribonuclease  (OAS/RNase  L)  pathway.  Using  recombinant  viruses  with  inactivated  antagonists  of  dsRNA-induced  pathway,  we  find  that  MERS-CoV  adeptly  shuts  down  all  three  pathways  via  the  combined  activity  of  accessory  proteins  NS4a  and  NS4b,  in  addition  to  the  conserved  CoV  endoribonuclease  (nsp15  EndoU).  Although  SARS-CoV-2  modestly  induces  innate  immune  responses,  inactivation  of  nsp15  EndoU  during  SARS-CoV-2  infection  results  in  significantly  increased  IFN  induction.  We  further  find  that  inactivation  of  these  viral  antagonists  confers  attenuation  of  viral  replication,  which  is  rescued  to  wild-type  levels  when  dsRNA-induced  pathways  were  inhibited.  We  then  leverage  a  primary  nasal  epithelial  air-liquid  interface  (ALI)  culture  system  to  compare  these  lethal  HCoVs  with  two  common  cold-associated  HCoVs  (HCoV-229E  and  HCoV-NL63),  as  well  as  a  prototypical  common  cold  picornavirus  human  rhinovirus-16  (HRV-16).  We  identify  features  of  common  cold-associated  viruses  in  this  system:  optimal  replication  at  nasal  airway  temperature  (33ºC),  robust  and  early  induction  of  IFN  signaling,  and  IFN-mediated  clearance  by  nasal  epithelial  cells.    We  additionally  highlight  temperature  dependent  IFN  responses  as  a  broad  mechanism  of  viral  restriction.  These  findings  highlight  the  importance  of  innate  immune  responses  as  well  as  viral  antagonism  of  these  responses  as  determinants  of  clinical  disease  severity  during  respiratory  virus  infections.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0175.
■650  4▼aVirology
■650  4▼aMicrobiology
■650  4▼aImmunology
■650  4▼aEpidemiology
■653    ▼aCommon  cold
■653    ▼aCoronavirus
■653    ▼aInnate  immunity
■653    ▼aInterferon
■653    ▼aNasal  epithelium
■653    ▼aSARS-CoV-2
■690    ▼a0720
■690    ▼a0410
■690    ▼a0982
■690    ▼a0766
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼bCell  and  Molecular  Biology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12B.
■790    ▼a0175
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160327▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

Preview

Export

ChatGPT Discussion

AI Recommended Related Books


    New Books MORE
    Statistics for the past 3 years. Go to brief

    Buch Status

    • Reservierung
    • frei buchen
    • Meine Mappe
    • Erste Aufräumarbeiten Anfrage
    • Non-Book Loan Application
    • Nighttime Book Loan Application
    Sammlungen
    Registrierungsnummer callnumber Standort Verkehr Status Verkehr Info
    TF13121 전자도서 대출가능 My Folder 부재도서신고 비도서대출신청 야간 도서대출신청

    * Kredite nur für Ihre Daten gebucht werden. Wenn Sie buchen möchten Reservierungen, klicken Sie auf den Button.

    Books borrowed together with this book

    Related Popular Books

    Available after logging in.