서브메뉴
검색
What Makes a Common Cold Virus? Respiratory Viruses Differentially Interface with Antiviral Innate Immune Signaling in the Nasal Epithelium
What Makes a Common Cold Virus? Respiratory Viruses Differentially Interface with Antiviral Innate Immune Signaling in the Nasal Epithelium
Detailed Information
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20250211150958
- ISBN
- 9798382836089
- DDC
- 576.6
- 서명/저자
- What Makes a Common Cold Virus? Respiratory Viruses Differentially Interface with Antiviral Innate Immune Signaling in the Nasal Epithelium
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of Pennsylvania, 2024
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
- 형태사항
- 242 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Weiss, Susan R.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2024.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Respiratory viruses establish primary infections in the nasal epithelium, where efficient induction of antiviral innate immunity may result in local control of viral replication, restriction of spread to the lower airway, and minimal pathogenesis. Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) cause a range of respiratory disease in their hosts - ranging from asymptomatic infections to mild upper respiratory symptoms to lethal pneumonia. However, the virus-host interactions that determine disease outcome are poorly understood. Innate immune antagonism by HCoVs is one factor that likely contributes to disease severity, optimizing viral replication and allowing for uninhibited spread to the lower airway. Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are two lethal betacoronaviruses which encode various strategies to antagonize innate immune pathways induced following detection of double-stranded (ds)RNA by host sensors. Three dsRNA-induced pathways are investigated in this work: interferon (IFN) signaling, the protein kinase R (PKR) pathway, and the oligoadenylate ribonuclease (OAS/RNase L) pathway. Using recombinant viruses with inactivated antagonists of dsRNA-induced pathway, we find that MERS-CoV adeptly shuts down all three pathways via the combined activity of accessory proteins NS4a and NS4b, in addition to the conserved CoV endoribonuclease (nsp15 EndoU). Although SARS-CoV-2 modestly induces innate immune responses, inactivation of nsp15 EndoU during SARS-CoV-2 infection results in significantly increased IFN induction. We further find that inactivation of these viral antagonists confers attenuation of viral replication, which is rescued to wild-type levels when dsRNA-induced pathways were inhibited. We then leverage a primary nasal epithelial air-liquid interface (ALI) culture system to compare these lethal HCoVs with two common cold-associated HCoVs (HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63), as well as a prototypical common cold picornavirus human rhinovirus-16 (HRV-16). We identify features of common cold-associated viruses in this system: optimal replication at nasal airway temperature (33ºC), robust and early induction of IFN signaling, and IFN-mediated clearance by nasal epithelial cells. We additionally highlight temperature dependent IFN responses as a broad mechanism of viral restriction. These findings highlight the importance of innate immune responses as well as viral antagonism of these responses as determinants of clinical disease severity during respiratory virus infections.
- 일반주제명
- Virology
- 일반주제명
- Microbiology
- 일반주제명
- Immunology
- 일반주제명
- Epidemiology
- 키워드
- Common cold
- 키워드
- Coronavirus
- 키워드
- Innate immunity
- 키워드
- Interferon
- 키워드
- Nasal epithelium
- 키워드
- SARS-CoV-2
- 기타저자
- University of Pennsylvania Cell and Molecular Biology
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
008250123s2024 us c eng d■001000017160327
■00520250211150958
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798382836089
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30993715
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a576.6
■1001 ▼aOtter, Clayton J.
■24510▼aWhat Makes a Common Cold Virus? Respiratory Viruses Differentially Interface with Antiviral Innate Immune Signaling in the Nasal Epithelium
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of Pennsylvania▼c2024
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2024
■300 ▼a242 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Weiss, Susan R.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2024.
■520 ▼aRespiratory viruses establish primary infections in the nasal epithelium, where efficient induction of antiviral innate immunity may result in local control of viral replication, restriction of spread to the lower airway, and minimal pathogenesis. Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) cause a range of respiratory disease in their hosts - ranging from asymptomatic infections to mild upper respiratory symptoms to lethal pneumonia. However, the virus-host interactions that determine disease outcome are poorly understood. Innate immune antagonism by HCoVs is one factor that likely contributes to disease severity, optimizing viral replication and allowing for uninhibited spread to the lower airway. Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are two lethal betacoronaviruses which encode various strategies to antagonize innate immune pathways induced following detection of double-stranded (ds)RNA by host sensors. Three dsRNA-induced pathways are investigated in this work: interferon (IFN) signaling, the protein kinase R (PKR) pathway, and the oligoadenylate ribonuclease (OAS/RNase L) pathway. Using recombinant viruses with inactivated antagonists of dsRNA-induced pathway, we find that MERS-CoV adeptly shuts down all three pathways via the combined activity of accessory proteins NS4a and NS4b, in addition to the conserved CoV endoribonuclease (nsp15 EndoU). Although SARS-CoV-2 modestly induces innate immune responses, inactivation of nsp15 EndoU during SARS-CoV-2 infection results in significantly increased IFN induction. We further find that inactivation of these viral antagonists confers attenuation of viral replication, which is rescued to wild-type levels when dsRNA-induced pathways were inhibited. We then leverage a primary nasal epithelial air-liquid interface (ALI) culture system to compare these lethal HCoVs with two common cold-associated HCoVs (HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63), as well as a prototypical common cold picornavirus human rhinovirus-16 (HRV-16). We identify features of common cold-associated viruses in this system: optimal replication at nasal airway temperature (33ºC), robust and early induction of IFN signaling, and IFN-mediated clearance by nasal epithelial cells. We additionally highlight temperature dependent IFN responses as a broad mechanism of viral restriction. These findings highlight the importance of innate immune responses as well as viral antagonism of these responses as determinants of clinical disease severity during respiratory virus infections.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0175.
■650 4▼aVirology
■650 4▼aMicrobiology
■650 4▼aImmunology
■650 4▼aEpidemiology
■653 ▼aCommon cold
■653 ▼aCoronavirus
■653 ▼aInnate immunity
■653 ▼aInterferon
■653 ▼aNasal epithelium
■653 ▼aSARS-CoV-2
■690 ▼a0720
■690 ▼a0410
■690 ▼a0982
■690 ▼a0766
■71020▼aUniversity of Pennsylvania▼bCell and Molecular Biology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g85-12B.
■790 ▼a0175
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2024
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160327▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
Preview
Export
ChatGPT Discussion
AI Recommended Related Books
Buch Status
- Reservierung
- frei buchen
- Meine Mappe
- Erste Aufräumarbeiten Anfrage
- Non-Book Loan Application
- Nighttime Book Loan Application
Available after logging in.


