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Promises and Pitfalls: Civil Society's Imperfect Efforts to Address Trafficking and Displacement
Promises and Pitfalls: Civil Society's Imperfect Efforts to Address Trafficking and Displa...
Promises and Pitfalls: Civil Society's Imperfect Efforts to Address Trafficking and Displacement

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151001
ISBN  
9798382212173
DDC  
350
저자명  
Castellano, Rachel.
서명/저자  
Promises and Pitfalls: Civil Societys Imperfect Efforts to Address Trafficking and Displacement
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Washington, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
135 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-10, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Prakash, Aseem.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Civil society plays a vital role in providing services and advocating for vulnerable populations. This dissertation includes three papers that examine how civil society actors aim to fill in the gaps left by governmental and market failure to address social issues. These studies address human trafficking and environmental migration, complex human rights issues that suffer from a lack of precise definitions and entail providing services for displaced individuals. The findings highlight ways potential donors, NGOs, and labor unions offer promising avenues for combatting these issues. However, the results also illustrate different types of failures within civil society, highlighting areas for improvement in how these actors should better serve marginalized people.Following an introduction, the first paper examines dominant narratives of human trafficking in the United States. Sensational stories of human trafficking perpetuate a narrative that often misrepresents the true nature of the problem. These stories typically depict a young girl or woman who is sex trafficked and overshadow other cases, such as the labor trafficking of boys and men. The widespread dissemination of these stories from the media, news, and political discourse shapes the public's understanding of what it looks like. Do these stories also affect who donors perceive as most deserving of their aid? This is an important question because civil society is essential to anti-trafficking efforts in the United States. Furthermore, civil society plays a critical role in anti-trafficking policymaking. Thus, it's necessary to understand if donor preferences align with these dominant narratives.I conduct a nationally representative survey experiment of potential U.S. donors to examine this. I ask individuals to choose between two fictitious charities to donate to, each serving a different type of trafficking survivor. I theorize that donors will be most likely to support legal services for young girls who are sex trafficked and are non-U.S. citizens. I find support for three out of five of my hypotheses. Overall, donors are most likely to support housing services for young girls who have been sex trafficked and are U.S. citizens.The second paper takes a closer look at labor trafficking in the United States. Labor trafficking remains a concealed and pervasive issue in the United States, overshadowed by the more recognized problem of sex trafficking. A recent analysis revealed that 80% of labor trafficking victims were migrant workers, underscoring the urgent need for attention. Employers often do not face pushback from migrant workers due to issues such as their fear of deportation, visa revocation, language barriers, and lack of community support. Thus, community activists and civil society play an important role in advocating for this population.In response to the prevailing human rights and carceral frameworks to address human trafficking, the paper advocates for a labor rights approach, positioning labor unions as central protectors of workers. I argue that labor protections warrant a collective voice because individual workers, especially migrants, lack the structural power to confront employers. Through a qualitative analysis of 100 U.S. labor union websites, this study explores whether and how these unions address labor trafficking and provide specific migrant protections. I find that unions in sectors with high immigrant salience, such as agriculture, construction, and hospitality, are more likely to include online programming and information directed to migrant members and to protect members from labor exploitation.The third paper turns to environmental migration to assess how migration and refugee organizations in the United States engage with this issue. Climate change is causing widespread environmental degradation and increased frequency and severity of natural disasters, leading to displacement and migration. However, limitations in international refugee law and growing xenophobia decrease the likelihood of sufficient state action in providing environmental migrants with essential services necessary for everyday living. In response to government failure, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) will likely emerge as crucial actors in providing services for and advocating on behalf of environmental migrants. What factors are associated with migration and refugee organizations expanding their work to invest in the link between climate change and migration? This question will only become more significant as climate change worsens.Using data from organization websites and public tax forms, I analyze this question by creating an original dataset of 110 migration and refugee organizations in the United States. This study focuses on organizations that serve cross-border environmental migrants rather than internally displaced persons. I further analyze the driving mechanisms by conducting four in-depth interviews - two with organizations that do indicate investing in environmental migration on their website and two with organizations that do not. My findings support a supply-side theory that suggests that more revenue significantly influences whether an organization actively invests in programs and advocacy focused on environmental migration. I theorize that organizations with more significant financial capacity can go beyond low-cost virtue signaling about their commitment to environmental justice and instead invest resources in this issue. On the contrary, I do not find support for the demand-side theory, where I posited that organizations working in countries more vulnerable to climate change are more likely to invest in environmental migration.
일반주제명  
Public administration
일반주제명  
Political science
일반주제명  
Climate change
키워드  
Civil society
키워드  
Environmental migration
키워드  
Human trafficking
키워드  
Social issues
기타저자  
University of Washington Political Science
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-10B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aCastellano,  Rachel.
■24510▼aPromises  and  Pitfalls:  Civil  Society's  Imperfect  Efforts  to  Address  Trafficking  and  Displacement
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Washington▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a135  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-10,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Prakash,  Aseem.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Washington,  2024.
■520    ▼aCivil  society  plays  a  vital  role  in  providing  services  and  advocating  for  vulnerable  populations.  This  dissertation  includes  three  papers  that  examine  how  civil  society  actors  aim  to  fill  in  the  gaps  left  by  governmental  and  market  failure  to  address  social  issues.  These  studies  address  human  trafficking  and  environmental  migration,  complex  human  rights  issues  that  suffer  from  a  lack  of  precise  definitions  and  entail  providing  services  for  displaced  individuals.  The  findings  highlight  ways  potential  donors,  NGOs,  and  labor  unions  offer  promising  avenues  for  combatting  these  issues.  However,  the  results  also  illustrate  different  types  of  failures  within  civil  society,  highlighting  areas  for  improvement  in  how  these  actors  should  better  serve  marginalized  people.Following  an  introduction,  the  first  paper  examines  dominant  narratives  of  human  trafficking  in  the  United  States.  Sensational  stories  of  human  trafficking  perpetuate  a  narrative  that  often  misrepresents  the  true  nature  of  the  problem.  These  stories  typically  depict  a  young  girl  or  woman  who  is  sex  trafficked  and  overshadow  other  cases,  such  as  the  labor  trafficking  of  boys  and  men.  The  widespread  dissemination  of  these  stories  from  the  media,  news,  and  political  discourse  shapes  the  public's  understanding  of  what  it  looks  like.  Do  these  stories  also  affect  who  donors  perceive  as  most  deserving  of  their  aid?  This  is  an  important  question  because  civil  society  is essential  to  anti-trafficking  efforts  in  the  United  States.  Furthermore,  civil  society  plays  a  critical  role  in  anti-trafficking  policymaking.  Thus,  it's  necessary  to  understand  if  donor  preferences  align  with  these  dominant  narratives.I  conduct  a  nationally  representative  survey  experiment  of  potential  U.S.  donors  to  examine  this.  I  ask  individuals  to  choose  between  two  fictitious  charities  to  donate  to,  each  serving  a  different  type  of  trafficking  survivor.  I  theorize  that  donors  will  be  most  likely  to  support  legal  services  for  young  girls  who  are  sex  trafficked  and  are  non-U.S.  citizens.  I  find  support  for  three  out  of  five  of  my  hypotheses.  Overall,  donors  are  most  likely  to  support  housing  services  for  young  girls  who  have  been  sex  trafficked  and  are  U.S.  citizens.The  second  paper  takes  a  closer  look  at  labor  trafficking  in  the  United  States.  Labor  trafficking  remains  a  concealed  and  pervasive  issue  in  the  United  States,  overshadowed  by  the  more  recognized  problem  of  sex  trafficking.  A  recent  analysis  revealed  that  80%  of  labor  trafficking  victims  were  migrant  workers,  underscoring  the  urgent  need  for  attention.  Employers  often  do  not  face  pushback  from  migrant  workers  due  to  issues  such  as  their  fear  of  deportation,  visa  revocation,  language  barriers,  and  lack  of  community  support.  Thus,  community  activists  and  civil  society  play  an  important  role  in  advocating  for  this  population.In  response  to  the  prevailing  human  rights  and  carceral  frameworks  to  address  human  trafficking,  the  paper  advocates  for  a  labor  rights  approach,  positioning  labor  unions  as  central  protectors  of  workers.  I  argue  that  labor  protections  warrant  a  collective  voice  because  individual  workers,  especially  migrants,  lack  the  structural  power  to  confront  employers.  Through  a  qualitative  analysis  of  100  U.S.  labor  union  websites,  this  study  explores  whether  and  how  these  unions  address  labor  trafficking  and  provide  specific  migrant  protections.  I  find  that  unions  in  sectors  with  high  immigrant  salience,  such  as  agriculture,  construction,  and  hospitality,  are  more likely  to  include  online  programming  and  information  directed  to  migrant  members  and  to  protect  members  from  labor  exploitation.The  third  paper  turns  to  environmental  migration  to  assess  how  migration  and  refugee  organizations  in  the  United  States  engage  with  this  issue.  Climate  change  is  causing  widespread  environmental  degradation  and  increased  frequency  and  severity  of  natural  disasters,  leading  to  displacement  and  migration.  However,  limitations  in  international  refugee  law  and  growing  xenophobia  decrease  the  likelihood  of  sufficient  state  action  in  providing  environmental  migrants  with  essential  services  necessary  for  everyday  living.  In  response  to  government  failure,  nongovernmental  organizations  (NGOs)  will  likely  emerge  as  crucial  actors  in  providing  services  for  and  advocating  on  behalf  of  environmental  migrants.  What  factors  are  associated  with  migration  and  refugee  organizations  expanding  their  work  to  invest  in  the  link  between  climate  change  and  migration?  This  question  will  only  become  more  significant  as  climate  change  worsens.Using  data  from  organization  websites  and  public  tax  forms,  I  analyze  this  question  by  creating  an  original  dataset  of  110  migration  and  refugee  organizations  in  the  United  States.  This  study  focuses  on  organizations  that  serve  cross-border  environmental  migrants  rather  than  internally  displaced  persons.  I  further  analyze  the  driving  mechanisms  by  conducting  four  in-depth  interviews  -  two  with  organizations  that  do  indicate  investing  in  environmental  migration  on  their  website  and  two  with  organizations  that  do  not.  My  findings  support  a  supply-side  theory  that  suggests  that  more  revenue  significantly  influences  whether  an  organization  actively  invests  in  programs  and  advocacy  focused  on  environmental  migration.  I  theorize  that  organizations  with  more  significant  financial  capacity  can  go  beyond  low-cost  virtue  signaling  about  their  commitment  to  environmental  justice  and  instead  invest  resources  in  this  issue.  On  the  contrary,  I do  not  find  support  for  the  demand-side  theory,  where  I  posited  that  organizations  working  in  countries  more  vulnerable  to  climate  change  are  more  likely  to  invest  in  environmental  migration.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0250.
■650  4▼aPublic  administration
■650  4▼aPolitical  science
■650  4▼aClimate  change
■653    ▼aCivil  society
■653    ▼aEnvironmental  migration
■653    ▼aHuman  trafficking
■653    ▼aSocial  issues
■690    ▼a0617
■690    ▼a0404
■690    ▼a0615
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Washington▼bPolitical  Science.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-10B.
■790    ▼a0250
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160345▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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