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Supervisory, Time-Distributed, and Optimization-Based Strategies for Model Predictive Control
Supervisory, Time-Distributed, and Optimization-Based Strategies for Model Predictive Control
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20250211152956
- ISBN
- 9798384043430
- DDC
- 629.1
- 저자명
- Leung, Jordan.
- 서명/저자
- Supervisory, Time-Distributed, and Optimization-Based Strategies for Model Predictive Control
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of Michigan, 2024
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
- 형태사항
- 240 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Girard, Anouck R.;Kolmanovsky, Ilya V.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2024.
- 초록/해제
- 요약This dissertation explores several methods for reducing the computational cost of implementing Model Predictive Control (MPC) in real-time systems. MPC is a feedback control strategy that has seen wide adoption, both in academia and industry, due to its ability to systematically account for constraints. However, MPC can be difficult to implement in practice since MPC inputs are generated by solving a constrained Optimal Control Problem (OCP) at each time step. Thus, onboard processors must be capable of solving these OCPs faster than the required sampling period of the controller. This is particularly challenging in applications with fast dynamics and limited onboard computing power (e.g., aerospace and automotive applications). Furthermore, the algorithms used to solve these OCPs must reliable to be useful in real-world applications. The contributions of this dissertation are as follows.First, I present two supervisory strategies for reducing the computational cost of linear-quadratic MPC with state and control constraints. These strategies augment the reference command supplied to an MPC policy in manner that ensures asymptotic stability can be maintained with shorter prediction horizons. Hence, the prediction horizon (and consequentially the computational cost) of the MPC policy can be reduced without sacrificing asymptotic stability of the resulting closed-loop system. The first strategy is a stability governor that improves the closed-loop properties of MPC without terminal stability constraints. This approach simultaneously reduces the prediction horizon length necessary for stability, while enabling the use of efficient optimization algorithms designed for MPC without terminal constraints. The second strategy is feasibility governor that reduces the prediction horizon length necessary for recursive feasibility of an MPC policy with previewed disturbance information. This leads to a reduction in both the the computational cost of the MPC policy and the duration for which measured disturbance information is required; thereby providing a twofold improvement to the real-time feasibility of the MPC policy.Second, I present three strategies for suboptimal and time-distributed MPC. These approaches compute MPC inputs by performing a limited number of iterations of an optimization algorithm at each time step. In each approach, the optimization iterations are limited in a manner that preserves desired closed-loop properties of the optimal MPC system (e.g., stability and constraint satisfaction), while reducing the amount of computational effort required at each time step. To begin, I derive a closed-form bound on number of iterations per time step required to asymptotically stabilize a linear system controlled by suboptimal MPC with control constraints. Thereafter, these results are extended to a shrinking horizon MPC formulation where the control objective is to navigate the system to a terminal set over a finite time interval. Finally, I present a supervisory strategy that reduces the online number of iterations required to implement a suboptimal MPC strategy. This strategy combines the advantages provided by suboptimal MPC and supervisory methods.Third, I present an optimizer-specific supervisory strategy for linear-quadratic MPC with state and control constraints. The proposed approach consists of three key components: First, a log-domain interior-point method used to solve the receding horizon OCPs; second, a method of warm-starting this optimizer by using the MPC solution from the previous time step; and third, a computational governor that expands the closed-loop region of attraction and bounds the suboptimality of the warm-start by altering the reference command provided to the OCP. The proposed scheme reduces the computational cost of implementing MPC by simultaneously allowing for the use of shorter prediction horizons and by ensuring that the optimization problems are well-initialized. Theoretical guarantees regarding the recursive feasibility of the supervised MPC policy and asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system are provided. In a numerical experiment on real-time hardware, the computational governor is shown to reduce the worst-case execution time of a standard MPC implementation for lateral vehicle control by a factor of 18.6.Finally, I present a framework for implementing log-domain interior-point quadratic programming methods (LDIPMs) using inexact Newton steps. The motivation for this work being that the OCPs that arise in linear-quadratic MPC are quadratic programs (QPs). A generalized inexact iteration scheme is established that is globally convergent and locally quadratically convergent towards centered points if the residual of the inexact Newton step satisfies a set of termination criteria. Three inexact LDIPM implementations based on the conjugate gradient (CG) method are developed using this framework. In a set of computational experiments, the inexact LDIPMs demonstrate a 24-72% reduction in the total number of CG iterations required for termination relative to implementations with a fixed termination tolerance. This translates into an important computation time reduction in applications such as real-time optimization and model predictive control.
- 일반주제명
- Aerospace engineering
- 일반주제명
- Astronomy
- 일반주제명
- Automotive engineering
- 기타저자
- University of Michigan Aerospace Engineering
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)umichrackham005708
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a629.1
■1001 ▼aLeung, Jordan.
■24510▼aSupervisory, Time-Distributed, and Optimization-Based Strategies for Model Predictive Control
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of Michigan▼c2024
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2024
■300 ▼a240 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Girard, Anouck R.;Kolmanovsky, Ilya V.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2024.
■520 ▼aThis dissertation explores several methods for reducing the computational cost of implementing Model Predictive Control (MPC) in real-time systems. MPC is a feedback control strategy that has seen wide adoption, both in academia and industry, due to its ability to systematically account for constraints. However, MPC can be difficult to implement in practice since MPC inputs are generated by solving a constrained Optimal Control Problem (OCP) at each time step. Thus, onboard processors must be capable of solving these OCPs faster than the required sampling period of the controller. This is particularly challenging in applications with fast dynamics and limited onboard computing power (e.g., aerospace and automotive applications). Furthermore, the algorithms used to solve these OCPs must reliable to be useful in real-world applications. The contributions of this dissertation are as follows.First, I present two supervisory strategies for reducing the computational cost of linear-quadratic MPC with state and control constraints. These strategies augment the reference command supplied to an MPC policy in manner that ensures asymptotic stability can be maintained with shorter prediction horizons. Hence, the prediction horizon (and consequentially the computational cost) of the MPC policy can be reduced without sacrificing asymptotic stability of the resulting closed-loop system. The first strategy is a stability governor that improves the closed-loop properties of MPC without terminal stability constraints. This approach simultaneously reduces the prediction horizon length necessary for stability, while enabling the use of efficient optimization algorithms designed for MPC without terminal constraints. The second strategy is feasibility governor that reduces the prediction horizon length necessary for recursive feasibility of an MPC policy with previewed disturbance information. This leads to a reduction in both the the computational cost of the MPC policy and the duration for which measured disturbance information is required; thereby providing a twofold improvement to the real-time feasibility of the MPC policy.Second, I present three strategies for suboptimal and time-distributed MPC. These approaches compute MPC inputs by performing a limited number of iterations of an optimization algorithm at each time step. In each approach, the optimization iterations are limited in a manner that preserves desired closed-loop properties of the optimal MPC system (e.g., stability and constraint satisfaction), while reducing the amount of computational effort required at each time step. To begin, I derive a closed-form bound on number of iterations per time step required to asymptotically stabilize a linear system controlled by suboptimal MPC with control constraints. Thereafter, these results are extended to a shrinking horizon MPC formulation where the control objective is to navigate the system to a terminal set over a finite time interval. Finally, I present a supervisory strategy that reduces the online number of iterations required to implement a suboptimal MPC strategy. This strategy combines the advantages provided by suboptimal MPC and supervisory methods.Third, I present an optimizer-specific supervisory strategy for linear-quadratic MPC with state and control constraints. The proposed approach consists of three key components: First, a log-domain interior-point method used to solve the receding horizon OCPs; second, a method of warm-starting this optimizer by using the MPC solution from the previous time step; and third, a computational governor that expands the closed-loop region of attraction and bounds the suboptimality of the warm-start by altering the reference command provided to the OCP. The proposed scheme reduces the computational cost of implementing MPC by simultaneously allowing for the use of shorter prediction horizons and by ensuring that the optimization problems are well-initialized. Theoretical guarantees regarding the recursive feasibility of the supervised MPC policy and asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system are provided. In a numerical experiment on real-time hardware, the computational governor is shown to reduce the worst-case execution time of a standard MPC implementation for lateral vehicle control by a factor of 18.6.Finally, I present a framework for implementing log-domain interior-point quadratic programming methods (LDIPMs) using inexact Newton steps. The motivation for this work being that the OCPs that arise in linear-quadratic MPC are quadratic programs (QPs). A generalized inexact iteration scheme is established that is globally convergent and locally quadratically convergent towards centered points if the residual of the inexact Newton step satisfies a set of termination criteria. Three inexact LDIPM implementations based on the conjugate gradient (CG) method are developed using this framework. In a set of computational experiments, the inexact LDIPMs demonstrate a 24-72% reduction in the total number of CG iterations required for termination relative to implementations with a fixed termination tolerance. This translates into an important computation time reduction in applications such as real-time optimization and model predictive control.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0127.
■650 4▼aAerospace engineering
■650 4▼aAstronomy
■650 4▼aAutomotive engineering
■653 ▼aModel Predictive Control
■653 ▼aQuadratic programming
■653 ▼aConstrained control
■653 ▼aOptimal Control Problem
■690 ▼a0538
■690 ▼a0606
■690 ▼a0540
■71020▼aUniversity of Michigan▼bAerospace Engineering.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g86-03B.
■790 ▼a0127
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2024
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164390▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


