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Supervisory, Time-Distributed, and Optimization-Based Strategies for Model Predictive Control
Supervisory, Time-Distributed, and Optimization-Based Strategies for Model Predictive Cont...
Supervisory, Time-Distributed, and Optimization-Based Strategies for Model Predictive Control

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152956
ISBN  
9798384043430
DDC  
629.1
저자명  
Leung, Jordan.
서명/저자  
Supervisory, Time-Distributed, and Optimization-Based Strategies for Model Predictive Control
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
240 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Girard, Anouck R.;Kolmanovsky, Ilya V.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation explores several methods for reducing the computational cost of implementing Model Predictive Control (MPC) in real-time systems. MPC is a feedback control strategy that has seen wide adoption, both in academia and industry, due to its ability to systematically account for constraints. However, MPC can be difficult to implement in practice since MPC inputs are generated by solving a constrained Optimal Control Problem (OCP) at each time step. Thus, onboard processors must be capable of solving these OCPs faster than the required sampling period of the controller. This is particularly challenging in applications with fast dynamics and limited onboard computing power (e.g., aerospace and automotive applications). Furthermore, the algorithms used to solve these OCPs must reliable to be useful in real-world applications. The contributions of this dissertation are as follows.First, I present two supervisory strategies for reducing the computational cost of linear-quadratic MPC with state and control constraints. These strategies augment the reference command supplied to an MPC policy in manner that ensures asymptotic stability can be maintained with shorter prediction horizons. Hence, the prediction horizon (and consequentially the computational cost) of the MPC policy can be reduced without sacrificing asymptotic stability of the resulting closed-loop system. The first strategy is a stability governor that improves the closed-loop properties of MPC without terminal stability constraints. This approach simultaneously reduces the prediction horizon length necessary for stability, while enabling the use of efficient optimization algorithms designed for MPC without terminal constraints. The second strategy is feasibility governor that reduces the prediction horizon length necessary for recursive feasibility of an MPC policy with previewed disturbance information. This leads to a reduction in both the the computational cost of the MPC policy and the duration for which measured disturbance information is required; thereby providing a twofold improvement to the real-time feasibility of the MPC policy.Second, I present three strategies for suboptimal and time-distributed MPC. These approaches compute MPC inputs by performing a limited number of iterations of an optimization algorithm at each time step. In each approach, the optimization iterations are limited in a manner that preserves desired closed-loop properties of the optimal MPC system (e.g., stability and constraint satisfaction), while reducing the amount of computational effort required at each time step. To begin, I derive a closed-form bound on number of iterations per time step required to asymptotically stabilize a linear system controlled by suboptimal MPC with control constraints. Thereafter, these results are extended to a shrinking horizon MPC formulation where the control objective is to navigate the system to a terminal set over a finite time interval. Finally, I present a supervisory strategy that reduces the online number of iterations required to implement a suboptimal MPC strategy. This strategy combines the advantages provided by suboptimal MPC and supervisory methods.Third, I present an optimizer-specific supervisory strategy for linear-quadratic MPC with state and control constraints. The proposed approach consists of three key components: First, a log-domain interior-point method used to solve the receding horizon OCPs; second, a method of warm-starting this optimizer by using the MPC solution from the previous time step; and third, a computational governor that expands the closed-loop region of attraction and bounds the suboptimality of the warm-start by altering the reference command provided to the OCP. The proposed scheme reduces the computational cost of implementing MPC by simultaneously allowing for the use of shorter prediction horizons and by ensuring that the optimization problems are well-initialized. Theoretical guarantees regarding the recursive feasibility of the supervised MPC policy and asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system are provided. In a numerical experiment on real-time hardware, the computational governor is shown to reduce the worst-case execution time of a standard MPC implementation for lateral vehicle control by a factor of 18.6.Finally, I present a framework for implementing log-domain interior-point quadratic programming methods (LDIPMs) using inexact Newton steps. The motivation for this work being that the OCPs that arise in linear-quadratic MPC are quadratic programs (QPs). A generalized inexact iteration scheme is established that is globally convergent and locally quadratically convergent towards centered points if the residual of the inexact Newton step satisfies a set of termination criteria. Three inexact LDIPM implementations based on the conjugate gradient (CG) method are developed using this framework. In a set of computational experiments, the inexact LDIPMs demonstrate a 24-72% reduction in the total number of CG iterations required for termination relative to implementations with a fixed termination tolerance. This translates into an important computation time reduction in applications such as real-time optimization and model predictive control.
일반주제명  
Aerospace engineering
일반주제명  
Astronomy
일반주제명  
Automotive engineering
키워드  
Model Predictive Control
키워드  
Quadratic programming
키워드  
Constrained control
키워드  
Optimal Control Problem
기타저자  
University of Michigan Aerospace Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aLeung,  Jordan.
■24510▼aSupervisory,  Time-Distributed,  and  Optimization-Based  Strategies  for  Model  Predictive  Control
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a240  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Girard,  Anouck  R.;Kolmanovsky,  Ilya  V.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2024.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  explores  several  methods  for  reducing  the  computational  cost  of  implementing  Model  Predictive  Control  (MPC)  in  real-time  systems.  MPC  is  a  feedback  control  strategy  that  has  seen  wide  adoption,  both  in  academia  and  industry,  due  to  its  ability  to  systematically  account  for  constraints.  However,  MPC  can  be  difficult  to  implement  in  practice  since  MPC  inputs  are  generated  by  solving  a  constrained  Optimal  Control  Problem  (OCP)  at  each  time  step.  Thus,  onboard  processors  must  be  capable  of  solving  these  OCPs  faster  than  the  required  sampling  period  of  the  controller.  This  is  particularly  challenging  in  applications  with  fast  dynamics  and  limited  onboard  computing  power  (e.g.,  aerospace  and  automotive  applications).  Furthermore,  the  algorithms  used  to  solve  these  OCPs  must  reliable  to  be  useful  in  real-world  applications.  The  contributions  of  this  dissertation  are  as  follows.First,  I  present  two  supervisory  strategies  for  reducing  the  computational  cost  of  linear-quadratic  MPC  with  state  and  control  constraints.  These  strategies  augment  the  reference  command  supplied  to  an  MPC  policy  in  manner  that  ensures  asymptotic  stability  can  be  maintained  with  shorter  prediction  horizons.  Hence,  the  prediction  horizon  (and  consequentially  the  computational  cost)  of  the  MPC  policy  can  be  reduced  without  sacrificing  asymptotic  stability  of  the  resulting  closed-loop  system.  The  first  strategy  is  a  stability  governor  that  improves  the  closed-loop  properties  of  MPC  without  terminal  stability  constraints.  This  approach  simultaneously  reduces  the  prediction  horizon  length  necessary  for  stability,  while  enabling  the  use  of  efficient  optimization  algorithms  designed  for  MPC  without  terminal  constraints.  The  second  strategy  is  feasibility  governor  that  reduces  the  prediction  horizon  length  necessary  for  recursive  feasibility  of  an  MPC  policy  with  previewed  disturbance  information.  This  leads  to  a  reduction  in  both  the  the  computational  cost  of  the  MPC  policy  and  the  duration  for  which  measured  disturbance  information  is  required;  thereby  providing  a  twofold  improvement  to  the  real-time  feasibility  of  the  MPC  policy.Second,  I  present  three  strategies  for  suboptimal  and  time-distributed  MPC.  These  approaches  compute  MPC  inputs  by  performing  a  limited  number  of  iterations  of  an  optimization  algorithm  at  each  time  step.  In  each  approach,  the  optimization  iterations  are  limited  in  a  manner  that  preserves  desired  closed-loop  properties  of  the  optimal  MPC  system  (e.g.,  stability  and  constraint  satisfaction),  while  reducing  the  amount  of  computational  effort  required  at  each  time  step.  To  begin,  I  derive  a  closed-form  bound  on  number  of  iterations  per  time  step  required  to  asymptotically  stabilize  a  linear  system  controlled  by  suboptimal  MPC  with  control  constraints.  Thereafter,  these  results  are  extended  to  a  shrinking  horizon  MPC  formulation  where  the  control  objective  is  to  navigate  the  system  to  a  terminal  set  over  a  finite  time  interval.  Finally,  I  present  a  supervisory  strategy  that  reduces  the  online  number  of  iterations  required  to  implement  a  suboptimal  MPC  strategy.  This  strategy  combines  the  advantages  provided  by  suboptimal  MPC  and  supervisory  methods.Third,  I  present  an  optimizer-specific  supervisory  strategy  for  linear-quadratic  MPC  with  state  and  control  constraints.  The  proposed  approach  consists  of  three  key  components:  First,  a  log-domain  interior-point  method  used  to  solve  the  receding  horizon  OCPs;  second,  a  method  of  warm-starting  this  optimizer  by  using  the  MPC  solution  from  the  previous  time  step;  and  third,  a  computational  governor  that  expands  the  closed-loop  region  of  attraction  and  bounds  the  suboptimality  of  the  warm-start  by  altering  the  reference  command  provided  to  the  OCP.  The  proposed  scheme  reduces  the  computational  cost  of  implementing  MPC  by  simultaneously  allowing  for  the  use  of  shorter  prediction  horizons  and  by  ensuring  that  the  optimization  problems  are  well-initialized.  Theoretical  guarantees  regarding  the  recursive  feasibility  of  the  supervised  MPC  policy  and  asymptotic  stability  of  the  closed-loop  system  are  provided.  In  a  numerical  experiment  on  real-time  hardware,  the  computational  governor  is  shown  to  reduce  the  worst-case  execution  time  of  a  standard  MPC  implementation  for  lateral  vehicle  control  by  a  factor  of  18.6.Finally,  I  present  a  framework  for  implementing  log-domain  interior-point  quadratic  programming  methods  (LDIPMs)  using  inexact  Newton  steps.  The  motivation  for  this  work  being  that  the  OCPs  that  arise  in  linear-quadratic  MPC  are  quadratic  programs  (QPs).  A  generalized  inexact  iteration  scheme  is  established  that  is  globally  convergent  and  locally  quadratically  convergent  towards  centered  points  if  the  residual  of  the  inexact  Newton  step  satisfies  a  set  of  termination  criteria.  Three  inexact  LDIPM  implementations  based  on  the  conjugate  gradient  (CG)  method  are  developed  using  this  framework.  In  a  set  of  computational  experiments,  the  inexact  LDIPMs  demonstrate  a  24-72%  reduction  in  the  total  number  of  CG  iterations  required  for  termination  relative  to  implementations  with  a  fixed  termination  tolerance.  This  translates  into  an  important  computation  time  reduction  in  applications  such  as  real-time  optimization  and  model  predictive  control.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aAerospace  engineering
■650  4▼aAstronomy
■650  4▼aAutomotive  engineering
■653    ▼aModel  Predictive  Control
■653    ▼aQuadratic  programming
■653    ▼aConstrained  control
■653    ▼aOptimal  Control  Problem
■690    ▼a0538
■690    ▼a0606
■690    ▼a0540
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bAerospace  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164390▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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