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Individual Differences in Brain Plasticity
Individual Differences in Brain Plasticity
Detailed Information
- Material Type
- 단행본
- 0017162201
- Date and Time of Latest Transaction
- 20250211151944
- ISBN
- 9798384022756
- DDC
- 157
- Author
- Boroshok, Austin L.
- Title/Author
- Individual Differences in Brain Plasticity
- Publish Info
- [Sl] : University of Pennsylvania, 2024
- Publish Info
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
- Material Info
- 172 p
- General Note
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: B.
- General Note
- Advisor: Mackey, Allyson.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2024.
- Abstracts/Etc
- 요약The developing brain is highly plastic, meaning it can change its structure and function in response to its environment. Increased plasticity early in life enables children to learn and adapt to positive and negative experiences. Individual differences in children's potential for brain change, however, remain poorly understood. Characterizing variability in plasticity as a potential for change may shed light on individual differences in learning and response to interventions. Work in animal models has revealed cellular and synaptic factors that restrict (e.g., myelin) or promote (e.g., dopamine) plasticity, but these properties are difficult to measure at scale in humans. Neuroimaging proxies can instead measure features of the human cortex that are sensitive to factors that modulate plasticity. I leveraged such methods to ask how individual differences in plasticity change during development and how they are associated with learning. In my first study, I examined how proxies of cortical myelin vary with age in childhood. There were strong, positive age effects in early-developing sensorimotor cortices, suggesting these areas mature earlier than higher-order, transmodal areas. In my second study, I explored whether pubertal development predicts individual differences in cortical myelin beyond the effects of chronological age. Girls with earlier onset of menses showed greater sensorimotor maturation from age 10 to age 12 compared to their peers. These findings support the hypothesis that puberty causes changes in cortical microstructure and suggest that earlier pubertal timing is associated with decreased plasticity. Finally, in my third study, I tested how individual differences in proxies of myelin and dopamine predict individual differences in learning. Young adults with less myelin and stronger dopamine system connectivity, indicative of higher plasticity, showed greater learning gains following one hour of memory training. Together, this work suggests that neuroimaging tools can detect individual and developmental variability in cortical features sensitive to cellular factors that modulate plasticity and learning. My findings may have important implications for the design and developmental timing of educational and psychological interventions that aim to harness brain plasticity to optimize learning and well-being.
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Clinical psychology
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Neurosciences
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Psychology
- Index Term-Uncontrolled
- Brain plasticity
- Index Term-Uncontrolled
- Chronological age
- Index Term-Uncontrolled
- Sensorimotor maturation
- Index Term-Uncontrolled
- Dopamine system connectivity
- Added Entry-Corporate Name
- University of Pennsylvania Psychology
- Host Item Entry
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-02B.
- Electronic Location and Access
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■020 ▼a9798384022756
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31327464
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a157
■1001 ▼aBoroshok, Austin L.
■24510▼aIndividual Differences in Brain Plasticity
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of Pennsylvania▼c2024
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2024
■300 ▼a172 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Mackey, Allyson.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2024.
■520 ▼aThe developing brain is highly plastic, meaning it can change its structure and function in response to its environment. Increased plasticity early in life enables children to learn and adapt to positive and negative experiences. Individual differences in children's potential for brain change, however, remain poorly understood. Characterizing variability in plasticity as a potential for change may shed light on individual differences in learning and response to interventions. Work in animal models has revealed cellular and synaptic factors that restrict (e.g., myelin) or promote (e.g., dopamine) plasticity, but these properties are difficult to measure at scale in humans. Neuroimaging proxies can instead measure features of the human cortex that are sensitive to factors that modulate plasticity. I leveraged such methods to ask how individual differences in plasticity change during development and how they are associated with learning. In my first study, I examined how proxies of cortical myelin vary with age in childhood. There were strong, positive age effects in early-developing sensorimotor cortices, suggesting these areas mature earlier than higher-order, transmodal areas. In my second study, I explored whether pubertal development predicts individual differences in cortical myelin beyond the effects of chronological age. Girls with earlier onset of menses showed greater sensorimotor maturation from age 10 to age 12 compared to their peers. These findings support the hypothesis that puberty causes changes in cortical microstructure and suggest that earlier pubertal timing is associated with decreased plasticity. Finally, in my third study, I tested how individual differences in proxies of myelin and dopamine predict individual differences in learning. Young adults with less myelin and stronger dopamine system connectivity, indicative of higher plasticity, showed greater learning gains following one hour of memory training. Together, this work suggests that neuroimaging tools can detect individual and developmental variability in cortical features sensitive to cellular factors that modulate plasticity and learning. My findings may have important implications for the design and developmental timing of educational and psychological interventions that aim to harness brain plasticity to optimize learning and well-being.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0175.
■650 4▼aClinical psychology
■650 4▼aNeurosciences
■650 4▼aPsychology
■653 ▼aBrain plasticity
■653 ▼aChronological age
■653 ▼aSensorimotor maturation
■653 ▼aDopamine system connectivity
■690 ▼a0622
■690 ▼a0621
■690 ▼a0317
■71020▼aUniversity of Pennsylvania▼bPsychology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g86-02B.
■790 ▼a0175
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2024
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162201▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
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