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Individual Differences in Brain Plasticity
Individual Differences in Brain Plasticity
Individual Differences in Brain Plasticity

Detailed Information

Material Type  
 단행본
 
0017162201
Date and Time of Latest Transaction  
20250211151944
ISBN  
9798384022756
DDC  
157
Author  
Boroshok, Austin L.
Title/Author  
Individual Differences in Brain Plasticity
Publish Info  
[Sl] : University of Pennsylvania, 2024
Publish Info  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
Material Info  
172 p
General Note  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: B.
General Note  
Advisor: Mackey, Allyson.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2024.
Abstracts/Etc  
요약The developing brain is highly plastic, meaning it can change its structure and function in response to its environment. Increased plasticity early in life enables children to learn and adapt to positive and negative experiences. Individual differences in children's potential for brain change, however, remain poorly understood. Characterizing variability in plasticity as a potential for change may shed light on individual differences in learning and response to interventions. Work in animal models has revealed cellular and synaptic factors that restrict (e.g., myelin) or promote (e.g., dopamine) plasticity, but these properties are difficult to measure at scale in humans. Neuroimaging proxies can instead measure features of the human cortex that are sensitive to factors that modulate plasticity. I leveraged such methods to ask how individual differences in plasticity change during development and how they are associated with learning. In my first study, I examined how proxies of cortical myelin vary with age in childhood. There were strong, positive age effects in early-developing sensorimotor cortices, suggesting these areas mature earlier than higher-order, transmodal areas. In my second study, I explored whether pubertal development predicts individual differences in cortical myelin beyond the effects of chronological age. Girls with earlier onset of menses showed greater sensorimotor maturation from age 10 to age 12 compared to their peers. These findings support the hypothesis that puberty causes changes in cortical microstructure and suggest that earlier pubertal timing is associated with decreased plasticity. Finally, in my third study, I tested how individual differences in proxies of myelin and dopamine predict individual differences in learning. Young adults with less myelin and stronger dopamine system connectivity, indicative of higher plasticity, showed greater learning gains following one hour of memory training. Together, this work suggests that neuroimaging tools can detect individual and developmental variability in cortical features sensitive to cellular factors that modulate plasticity and learning. My findings may have important implications for the design and developmental timing of educational and psychological interventions that aim to harness brain plasticity to optimize learning and well-being.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Clinical psychology
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Neurosciences
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Psychology
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Brain plasticity
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Chronological age
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Sensorimotor maturation
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Dopamine system connectivity
Added Entry-Corporate Name  
University of Pennsylvania Psychology
Host Item Entry  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-02B.
Electronic Location and Access  
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MARC

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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a157
■1001  ▼aBoroshok,  Austin  L.
■24510▼aIndividual  Differences  in  Brain  Plasticity
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a172  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Mackey,  Allyson.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Pennsylvania,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  developing  brain  is  highly  plastic,  meaning  it  can  change  its  structure  and  function  in  response  to  its  environment.  Increased  plasticity  early  in  life  enables  children  to  learn  and  adapt  to  positive  and  negative  experiences.  Individual  differences  in  children's  potential  for  brain  change,  however,  remain  poorly  understood.  Characterizing  variability  in  plasticity  as  a  potential  for  change  may  shed  light  on  individual  differences  in  learning  and  response  to  interventions.  Work  in  animal  models  has  revealed  cellular  and  synaptic  factors  that  restrict  (e.g.,  myelin)  or  promote  (e.g.,  dopamine)  plasticity,  but  these  properties  are  difficult  to  measure  at  scale  in  humans.  Neuroimaging  proxies  can  instead  measure  features  of  the  human  cortex  that  are  sensitive  to  factors  that  modulate  plasticity.  I  leveraged  such  methods  to  ask  how  individual  differences  in  plasticity  change  during  development  and  how  they  are  associated  with  learning.  In  my  first  study,  I  examined  how  proxies  of  cortical  myelin  vary  with  age  in  childhood.  There  were  strong,  positive  age  effects  in  early-developing  sensorimotor  cortices,  suggesting  these  areas  mature  earlier  than  higher-order,  transmodal  areas.  In  my  second  study,  I  explored  whether  pubertal  development  predicts  individual  differences  in  cortical  myelin  beyond  the  effects  of  chronological  age.  Girls  with  earlier  onset  of  menses  showed  greater  sensorimotor  maturation  from  age  10  to  age  12  compared  to  their  peers.  These  findings  support  the  hypothesis  that  puberty  causes  changes  in  cortical  microstructure  and  suggest  that  earlier  pubertal  timing  is  associated  with  decreased  plasticity.  Finally,  in  my  third  study,  I  tested  how  individual  differences  in  proxies  of  myelin  and  dopamine  predict  individual  differences  in  learning.  Young  adults  with  less  myelin  and  stronger  dopamine  system  connectivity,  indicative  of  higher  plasticity,  showed  greater  learning  gains  following  one  hour  of  memory  training.  Together,  this  work  suggests  that  neuroimaging  tools  can  detect  individual  and  developmental  variability  in  cortical  features  sensitive  to  cellular  factors  that  modulate  plasticity  and  learning.  My  findings  may  have  important  implications  for  the  design  and  developmental  timing  of  educational  and  psychological  interventions  that  aim  to  harness  brain  plasticity  to  optimize  learning  and  well-being.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0175.
■650  4▼aClinical  psychology
■650  4▼aNeurosciences
■650  4▼aPsychology
■653    ▼aBrain  plasticity
■653    ▼aChronological  age
■653    ▼aSensorimotor  maturation
■653    ▼aDopamine  system  connectivity
■690    ▼a0622
■690    ▼a0621
■690    ▼a0317
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼bPsychology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-02B.
■790    ▼a0175
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162201▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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