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From Saline to Solids: Studies of Ionic Solvation and Machine Learning for Ab Initio Calculations
From Saline to Solids: Studies of Ionic Solvation and Machine Learning for Ab Initio Calcu...
From Saline to Solids: Studies of Ionic Solvation and Machine Learning for Ab Initio Calculations

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152735
ISBN  
9798342729116
DDC  
530
저자명  
Wills, Alec.
서명/저자  
From Saline to Solids: Studies of Ionic Solvation and Machine Learning for Ab Initio Calculations
발행사항  
[Sl] : State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
179 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Fernandez-Serra, Marivi;Dawber, Matthew.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약As civilization continues to develop, the challenges faced by the world as a whole grow ever more complex. Climate change has and will continue to drastically alter weather patterns and regional habitability across the globe as energy demands continue to increase. Bacterial resistance to first- and second-line antibiotics, and ever-present threats from quickly mutating viruses can lead to future pandemics that are even harder to manage. Yet, through it all, science must persevere and triumph as we seek solutions to new problems that humanity uncovers. To that end, studies that promote green energy development and biological mechanism characterization are critically needed.Over 97% of the water on our planet contains, to greater or lesser degrees, dissolved salts. It comes as no surprise, then, to find that electrolyte solutions are ubiquitous in nature, ranging from foundational biological structures that permit complex life to new ways for energy storage as we seek to reduce our carbon footprint. It is a natural consequence that an solid understanding of the nature of ion solvation, and the various ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions, is necessary. Through this thorough characterization of solvation, gains in efficiency and efficacy of existing simulation frameworks will allow for a more accurate understanding of the processes at play as salts dissolve, and better inform the development of new methods or materials to advance society as a whole.The nature of solvation is inherently coupled to studies of the electronic interactions between solute and solvent particles. The process of dissolving a salt molecule depends on the interruption of electronic bonds via solvent interactions, which can be modeled in myriad ways. Often, however, simple models serve to inform us about more complicated emergent behaviors in a system. It comes as no surprise, then, that linear response theory can characterize and predict a variety of interesting phenomena, especially concerning electrostatic interactions. Indeed, while many exact descriptions of behaviors are inherently non-linear, a linearization of the problem at hand rarely fails to yield useful insight. Beyond linearizing the solvent response to the solute's presence, simulation frameworks exist which can explore the dynamic properties of the solution as a whole in addition to the pairwise interactions. Classical force fields allow for expedient computation of large system dynamics, while ab initio calculation frameworks allow for accurate electronic structure calculations of those same systems.The work presented here seeks to help inform our understanding of the various attributes commonly seen in free energy landscape of the solvation process. Namely, linear response allows us to inspect interactions to find insight into the behavior of solvation transition states. Further, we help characterize the dependence of the solvation process on the parameter choices one uses when simulating the solution. Finally, it seeks to help determine ways to increase the efficiency of simulating the solvation process by applying machine learning methods to generate model networks that can be used to efficiently simulate more accurate data, in both the classical and ab initio regimes.We introduce the linear response relations that connect the presence of a charge in a dielectric medium to the medium's reaction to that charge. Through these equations, we develop numerical techniques that can be applied to general charge distributions interacting through arbitrary potentials in media with arbitrary dielectric functions. Despite the arbitrariness of these parameters, it is more instructive to focus on the cases of physical relevance. In particular, point charges in dielectric media interacting via the Coulomb potential are given priority. Various approximations for the dielectric function are studied, and various limiting behaviors of the dielectic medium are connected with the behavior of bound states found to exist in these interactions.We then study in detail the solvation process through atomistic simulations of a salt solution -- sodium chloride in water. Through various choices of interaction and model parameter choices, we test the sensitivity of the free energy surface to these parameters in both the classical and ab initio regimes. We show that ab initio parameter choices can have a larger effect on the resulting solution behavior. Further, we apply machine learning paradigms to each of these simulation regimes and study ways to improve the training process in order to better simulate the solvation process. We conclude that representation of the training parameters is an important factor to consider when choosing training data, and that larger training sets do not necessarily mean improved results. When choosing a training subset to maximize representation in the space of training parameters, we find networks with accuracies on par with or better than previously published results. In this vein, we help find ways for others to quickly utilize existing networks and their corresponding training frameworks and be able to extrapolate to new training cases.Finally, we introduce machine learning methods as applied to ab initio simulation frameworks, in particular Kohn-Sham density functional theory. We discuss a number of different frameworks that have been developed for these types of studies. We propose a method for selecting optimally representative subsets of a given training set that shows a strong capability of generating sets that achieve comparable accuracy with an order of magnitude less training data. We then conclude with an introduction of a new framework, titled xcquinox, that promises to extend previously developed packages to include non-locality in the descriptor design, and that is able to easily integrate with new versions of electronic software packages in Python. This interoperability gives us a new, powerful method with which to enhance our learning methods.
일반주제명  
Condensed matter physics
일반주제명  
Computational physics
일반주제명  
Physics
일반주제명  
Climate change
키워드  
Solvent particles
키워드  
Linear response theory
키워드  
Electrostatic interactions
기타저자  
State University of New York at Stony Brook Physics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-05B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aWills,  Alec.
■24510▼aFrom  Saline  to  Solids:  Studies  of  Ionic  Solvation  and  Machine  Learning  for  Ab  Initio  Calculations
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bState  University  of  New  York  at  Stony  Brook▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a179  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Fernandez-Serra,  Marivi;Dawber,  Matthew.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--State  University  of  New  York  at  Stony  Brook,  2024.
■520    ▼aAs  civilization  continues  to  develop,  the  challenges  faced  by  the  world  as  a  whole  grow  ever  more  complex.  Climate  change  has  and  will  continue  to  drastically  alter  weather  patterns  and  regional  habitability  across  the  globe  as  energy  demands  continue  to  increase.  Bacterial  resistance  to  first-  and  second-line  antibiotics,  and  ever-present  threats  from  quickly  mutating  viruses  can  lead  to  future  pandemics  that  are  even  harder  to  manage.  Yet,  through  it  all,  science  must  persevere  and  triumph  as  we  seek  solutions  to  new  problems  that  humanity  uncovers.  To  that  end,  studies  that  promote  green  energy  development  and  biological  mechanism  characterization  are  critically  needed.Over  97%  of  the  water  on  our  planet  contains,  to  greater  or  lesser  degrees,  dissolved  salts.  It  comes  as  no  surprise,  then,  to  find  that  electrolyte  solutions  are  ubiquitous  in  nature,  ranging  from  foundational  biological  structures  that  permit  complex  life  to  new  ways  for  energy  storage  as  we  seek  to  reduce  our  carbon  footprint.  It  is  a  natural  consequence  that  an  solid  understanding  of  the  nature  of  ion  solvation,  and  the  various  ion-ion  and  ion-solvent  interactions,  is  necessary.  Through  this  thorough  characterization  of  solvation,  gains  in  efficiency  and  efficacy  of  existing  simulation  frameworks  will  allow  for  a  more  accurate  understanding  of  the  processes  at  play  as  salts  dissolve,  and  better  inform  the  development  of  new  methods  or  materials  to  advance  society  as  a  whole.The  nature  of  solvation  is  inherently  coupled  to  studies  of  the  electronic  interactions  between  solute  and  solvent  particles.  The  process  of  dissolving  a  salt  molecule  depends  on  the  interruption  of  electronic  bonds  via  solvent  interactions,  which  can  be  modeled  in  myriad  ways.  Often,  however,  simple  models  serve  to  inform  us  about  more  complicated  emergent  behaviors  in  a  system.  It  comes  as  no  surprise,  then,  that  linear  response  theory  can  characterize  and  predict  a  variety  of  interesting  phenomena,  especially  concerning  electrostatic  interactions.  Indeed,  while  many  exact  descriptions  of  behaviors  are  inherently  non-linear,  a  linearization  of  the  problem  at  hand  rarely  fails  to  yield  useful  insight.  Beyond  linearizing  the  solvent  response  to  the  solute's  presence,  simulation  frameworks  exist  which  can  explore  the  dynamic  properties  of  the  solution  as  a  whole  in  addition  to  the  pairwise  interactions.  Classical  force  fields  allow  for  expedient  computation  of  large  system  dynamics,  while  ab  initio  calculation  frameworks  allow  for  accurate  electronic  structure  calculations  of  those  same  systems.The  work  presented  here  seeks  to  help  inform  our  understanding  of  the  various  attributes  commonly  seen  in  free  energy  landscape  of  the  solvation  process.  Namely,  linear  response  allows  us  to  inspect  interactions  to  find  insight  into  the  behavior  of  solvation  transition  states.  Further,  we  help  characterize  the  dependence  of  the  solvation  process  on  the  parameter  choices  one  uses  when  simulating  the  solution.  Finally,  it  seeks  to  help  determine  ways  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  simulating  the  solvation  process  by  applying  machine  learning  methods  to  generate  model  networks  that  can  be  used  to  efficiently  simulate  more  accurate  data,  in  both  the  classical  and  ab  initio  regimes.We  introduce  the  linear  response  relations  that  connect  the  presence  of  a  charge  in  a  dielectric  medium  to  the  medium's  reaction  to  that  charge.  Through  these  equations,  we  develop  numerical  techniques  that  can  be  applied  to  general  charge  distributions  interacting  through  arbitrary  potentials  in  media  with  arbitrary  dielectric  functions.  Despite  the  arbitrariness  of  these  parameters,  it  is  more  instructive  to  focus  on  the  cases  of  physical  relevance.  In  particular,  point  charges  in  dielectric  media  interacting  via  the  Coulomb  potential  are  given  priority.  Various  approximations  for  the  dielectric  function  are  studied,  and  various  limiting  behaviors  of  the  dielectic  medium  are  connected  with  the  behavior  of  bound  states  found  to  exist  in  these  interactions.We  then  study  in  detail  the  solvation  process  through  atomistic  simulations  of  a  salt  solution  --  sodium  chloride  in  water.  Through  various  choices  of  interaction  and  model  parameter  choices,  we  test  the  sensitivity  of  the  free  energy  surface  to  these  parameters  in  both  the  classical  and  ab  initio  regimes.  We  show  that  ab  initio  parameter  choices  can  have  a  larger  effect  on  the  resulting  solution  behavior.  Further,  we  apply  machine  learning  paradigms  to  each  of  these  simulation  regimes  and  study  ways  to  improve  the  training  process  in  order  to  better  simulate  the  solvation  process.  We  conclude  that  representation  of  the  training  parameters  is  an  important  factor  to  consider  when  choosing  training  data,  and  that  larger  training  sets  do  not  necessarily  mean  improved  results.  When  choosing  a  training  subset  to  maximize  representation  in  the  space  of  training  parameters,  we  find  networks  with  accuracies  on  par  with  or  better  than  previously  published  results.  In  this  vein,  we  help  find  ways  for  others  to  quickly  utilize  existing  networks  and  their  corresponding  training  frameworks  and  be  able  to  extrapolate  to  new  training  cases.Finally,  we  introduce  machine  learning  methods  as  applied  to  ab  initio  simulation  frameworks,  in  particular  Kohn-Sham  density  functional  theory.  We  discuss  a  number  of  different  frameworks  that  have  been  developed  for  these  types  of  studies.  We  propose  a  method  for  selecting  optimally  representative  subsets  of  a  given  training  set  that  shows  a  strong  capability  of  generating  sets  that  achieve  comparable  accuracy  with  an  order  of  magnitude  less  training  data.  We  then  conclude  with  an  introduction  of  a  new  framework,  titled  xcquinox,  that  promises  to  extend  previously  developed  packages  to  include  non-locality  in  the  descriptor  design,  and  that  is  able  to  easily  integrate  with  new  versions  of  electronic  software  packages  in  Python.  This  interoperability  gives  us  a  new,  powerful  method  with  which  to  enhance  our  learning  methods.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0771.
■650  4▼aCondensed  matter  physics
■650  4▼aComputational  physics
■650  4▼aPhysics
■650  4▼aClimate  change
■653    ▼aSolvent  particles
■653    ▼aLinear  response  theory
■653    ▼aElectrostatic  interactions
■690    ▼a0611
■690    ▼a0216
■690    ▼a0605
■690    ▼a0404
■71020▼aState  University  of  New  York  at  Stony  Brook▼bPhysics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-05B.
■790    ▼a0771
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163648▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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