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Essays on Development and Political Economy
Essays on Development and Political Economy
Essays on Development and Political Economy

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152736
ISBN  
9798384455189
DDC  
320
저자명  
Mehmood, Muhammad Zia.
서명/저자  
Essays on Development and Political Economy
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
165 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Miguel, Edward;Finan, Frederico.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Low productivity in the private sector, especially amongst small businesses, and poor public sector service delivery are significant barriers to sustainable and equitable development in low-income countries. This dissertation studies these barriers through the lens of management challenges. It comprises of three chapters, where the first chapter examines the potential of SMS-based business trainings to address gaps in management skills amongst micro-entrepreneurs in Kenya, the second sheds light on the demand for SMS-based business trainings amongst these micro-entrepreneurs, and the third studies the effectiveness of a command and control management intervention implemented at scale in Punjab, Pakistan.In my first chapter, titled Short Messages Fall Short for Micro-Entrepreneurs: Experimental Evidence from Kenya, I study the effectiveness of SMS-based business management trainings for improving outcomes for micro-entrepreneurs. SMS-based trainings are becoming a popular tool to remotely support micro-entrepreneurs in low-capacity contexts due to their scalability and low costs. However, little evidence exists on the effectiveness of such trainings to improve business outcomes. In this study, I evaluate a field experiment in which access to an SMS-based training was randomized across 4,700 micro-entrepreneurs in Kenya. After three months, I find positive effects on knowledge and adoption of best business practices. Younger entrepreneurs see stronger effects on sales, profits and business survival, driven by higher engagement with training content, more time spent on business, and getting larger loans. Contrary to predictions elicited from social scientists, I find that these positive effects disappear twelve months after the intervention, as all engagement with content ended within the first five months. Findings from this study suggest that, despite the promise and wide-spread use, SMS-based trainings are unlikely to be effective for micro-entrepreneurs in the long run. Results highlight the importance of lack of engagement as a major challenge limiting the potential of remotely provided information-based support.My second chapter, titled Demand for SMS-Based Business Trainings Amongst Kenyan Micro-Entrepreneurs, studies the demand for SMS-based business management trainings in Kenya. I leverage two key components added to the field experiment from the first chapter to measure the demand; first, upon completion of the business management training, or prolonged disengagement from it, micro-entrepreneurs in the treatment group were given the opportunity to buy a second SMS training through Take-It-Or-Leave-It (TIOLI) offers where the asking price was randomized across three levels. Observing buying decisions across the randomized price levels allows me to study how demand changes with price, and also sheds light on correlations between individual and enterprise characteristics and demand. Second, I conduct an in-person demand elicitation activity with a select subset of the sample across the treatment and control groups, using a modified version of the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) method. In the TIOLI sample, 70% of individuals chose to accept the additional training when it was offered for free, 68% accepted when the price was half the marginal cost faced by the service provider, and about 50% accepted when the price was double the marginal cost. In the BDM sample, the average willingness to pay for SMS trainings was five times the marginal cost, and almost a quarter of the respondents were willing to buy the training for ten times the marginal cost. Both methods of demand elicitation thus showed that micro-entrepreneurs were willing to pay a positive amount for SMS-based business management trainings. I also find correlational evidence suggesting demand for trainings was higher amongst individuals with more children in the household, those that recently applied for a loan, those with more knowledge of best practices, and those with higher education levels. Taken together with results from the first chapter, these findings suggest that engagement levels might not reflect true demand for SMS-based trainings, pointing towards possible behavioral explanations driving under utilization of the resource.Finally, in my third chapter, titled Command and Can't Control: Assessing Centralized Accountability in the Public Sector, I study the potential and limitations of centralized management in the public sector, with Saad Gulzar, Juan Felipe Ladino, and Daniel Rogger. A long-established approach to management in government has been the transmission of information up a hierarchy, centralized decision-making by senior management, and corresponding centralized accountability; colloquially known as 'command and control'. We examine the effectiveness of a centralized management and accountability system implemented at scale in the public education sector bureaucracy of Punjab, Pakistan, for six years. The scheme automatically identified poorly performing schools and jurisdictions for the attention of central management. We find that flagging of schools and corresponding de facto punishments had no impact on school or student outcomes. We use detailed data on key elements of the education production function to show that command and control approaches to managing the general public sector do not induce bureaucratic action towards improvements in government performance.
일반주제명  
Public policy
키워드  
Development economics
키워드  
Micro-entrepreneurs
키워드  
Field experiment
키워드  
Political economy
키워드  
Public sector
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Business Administration PhD Program
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aMehmood,  Muhammad  Zia.
■24510▼aEssays  on  Development  and  Political  Economy
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a165  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Miguel,  Edward;Finan,  Frederico.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2024.
■520    ▼aLow  productivity  in  the  private  sector,  especially  amongst  small  businesses,  and  poor  public  sector  service  delivery  are  significant  barriers  to  sustainable  and  equitable  development  in  low-income  countries.  This  dissertation  studies  these  barriers  through  the  lens  of  management  challenges.  It  comprises  of  three  chapters,  where  the  first  chapter  examines  the  potential  of  SMS-based  business  trainings  to  address  gaps  in  management  skills  amongst  micro-entrepreneurs  in  Kenya,  the  second  sheds  light  on  the  demand  for  SMS-based  business  trainings  amongst  these  micro-entrepreneurs,  and  the  third  studies  the  effectiveness  of  a  command  and  control  management  intervention  implemented  at  scale  in  Punjab,  Pakistan.In  my  first  chapter,  titled  Short  Messages  Fall  Short  for  Micro-Entrepreneurs:  Experimental  Evidence  from  Kenya,  I  study  the  effectiveness  of  SMS-based  business  management  trainings  for  improving  outcomes  for  micro-entrepreneurs.  SMS-based  trainings  are  becoming  a  popular  tool  to  remotely  support  micro-entrepreneurs  in  low-capacity  contexts  due  to  their  scalability  and  low  costs.  However,  little  evidence  exists  on  the  effectiveness  of  such  trainings  to  improve  business  outcomes.  In  this  study,  I  evaluate  a  field  experiment  in  which  access  to  an  SMS-based  training  was  randomized  across  4,700  micro-entrepreneurs  in  Kenya.  After  three  months,  I  find  positive  effects  on  knowledge  and  adoption  of  best  business  practices.  Younger  entrepreneurs  see  stronger  effects  on  sales,  profits  and  business  survival,  driven  by  higher  engagement  with  training  content,  more  time  spent  on  business,  and  getting  larger  loans.  Contrary  to  predictions  elicited  from  social  scientists,  I  find  that  these  positive  effects  disappear  twelve  months  after  the  intervention,  as  all  engagement  with  content  ended  within  the  first  five  months.  Findings  from  this  study  suggest  that,  despite  the  promise  and  wide-spread  use,  SMS-based  trainings  are  unlikely  to  be  effective  for  micro-entrepreneurs  in  the  long  run.  Results  highlight  the  importance  of  lack  of  engagement  as  a  major  challenge  limiting  the  potential  of  remotely  provided  information-based  support.My  second  chapter,  titled  Demand  for  SMS-Based  Business  Trainings  Amongst  Kenyan  Micro-Entrepreneurs,  studies  the  demand  for  SMS-based  business  management  trainings  in  Kenya.  I  leverage  two  key  components  added  to  the  field  experiment  from  the  first  chapter  to  measure  the  demand;  first,  upon  completion  of  the  business  management  training,  or  prolonged  disengagement  from  it,  micro-entrepreneurs  in  the  treatment  group  were  given  the  opportunity  to  buy  a  second  SMS  training  through  Take-It-Or-Leave-It  (TIOLI)  offers  where  the  asking  price  was  randomized  across  three  levels.  Observing  buying  decisions  across  the  randomized  price  levels  allows  me  to  study  how  demand  changes  with  price,  and  also  sheds  light  on  correlations  between  individual  and  enterprise  characteristics  and  demand.  Second,  I  conduct  an  in-person  demand  elicitation  activity  with  a  select  subset  of  the  sample  across  the  treatment  and  control  groups,  using  a  modified  version  of  the  Becker-DeGroot-Marschak  (BDM)  method.  In  the  TIOLI  sample,  70%  of  individuals  chose  to  accept  the  additional  training  when  it  was  offered  for  free,  68%  accepted  when  the  price  was  half  the  marginal  cost  faced  by  the  service  provider,  and  about  50%  accepted  when  the  price  was  double  the  marginal  cost.  In  the  BDM  sample,  the  average  willingness  to  pay  for  SMS  trainings  was  five  times  the  marginal  cost,  and  almost  a  quarter  of  the  respondents  were  willing  to  buy  the  training  for  ten  times  the  marginal  cost.  Both  methods  of  demand  elicitation  thus  showed  that  micro-entrepreneurs  were  willing  to  pay  a  positive  amount  for  SMS-based  business  management  trainings.  I  also  find  correlational  evidence  suggesting  demand  for  trainings  was  higher  amongst  individuals  with  more  children  in  the  household,  those  that  recently  applied  for  a  loan,  those  with  more  knowledge  of  best  practices,  and  those  with  higher  education  levels.  Taken  together  with  results  from  the  first  chapter,  these  findings  suggest  that  engagement  levels  might  not  reflect  true  demand  for  SMS-based  trainings,  pointing  towards  possible  behavioral  explanations  driving  under  utilization  of  the  resource.Finally,  in  my  third  chapter,  titled  Command  and  Can't  Control:  Assessing  Centralized  Accountability  in  the  Public  Sector,  I  study  the  potential  and  limitations  of  centralized  management  in  the  public  sector,  with  Saad  Gulzar,  Juan  Felipe  Ladino,  and  Daniel  Rogger.  A  long-established  approach  to  management  in  government  has  been  the  transmission  of  information  up  a  hierarchy,  centralized  decision-making  by  senior  management,  and  corresponding  centralized  accountability;  colloquially  known  as  'command  and  control'.  We  examine  the  effectiveness  of  a  centralized  management  and  accountability  system  implemented  at  scale  in  the  public  education  sector  bureaucracy  of  Punjab,  Pakistan,  for  six  years.  The  scheme  automatically  identified  poorly  performing  schools  and  jurisdictions  for  the  attention  of  central  management.  We  find  that  flagging  of  schools  and  corresponding  de  facto  punishments  had  no  impact  on  school  or  student  outcomes.  We  use  detailed  data  on  key  elements  of  the  education  production  function  to  show  that  command  and  control  approaches  to  managing  the  general  public  sector  do  not  induce  bureaucratic  action  towards  improvements  in  government  performance.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aPublic  policy
■653    ▼aDevelopment  economics
■653    ▼aMicro-entrepreneurs
■653    ▼aField  experiment
■653    ▼aPolitical  economy
■653    ▼aPublic  sector
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0630
■690    ▼a0310
■690    ▼a0429
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bBusiness  Administration,  Ph.D.  Program.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03A.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163651▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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