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Polymeric Materials for Enhancing Therapeutic Biologics
Polymeric Materials for Enhancing Therapeutic Biologics
Polymeric Materials for Enhancing Therapeutic Biologics

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211153122
ISBN  
9798346849834
DDC  
540
저자명  
Puente, Ellie Grace.
서명/저자  
Polymeric Materials for Enhancing Therapeutic Biologics
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Los Angeles, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
214 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-06, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Maynard, Heather D.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Peptide and protein therapeutics are a growing and diverse field of medicine for the treatment of numerous diseases. Compared to small molecule therapeutics, protein and peptide therapeutics offer high specificity towards their target, minimizing off-target effects. However, translation of these therapeutics to the clinic is limited by their poor stability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenetic concerns. Polymeric materials have been used to stabilize and deliver these biologics as excipients, conjugates, and nanoparticles. Herein, challenges with the stability of protein and peptide therapeutics will be discussed as well as polymeric delivery strategies with an emphasis on polymeric nanoparticles, covalent conjugation of PEG, known as PEGylation, and biodegradable polymers. My research focuses on 1) the exploration of polymeric nanoparticles to stabilize and deliver the therapeutic peptide glucagon, 2) the comparison of polymer protein homo dimerization via cysteine bioconjugation, 3) the comparison of polymer protein multimerization with Au (III) reagents via cysteine bioconjugation, and 4) the synthesis and characterization of degradable sulfonated polymers.Glucagon is a peptide hormone that acts via receptor-mediated signaling predominantly in the liver to raise glucose levels by hepatic glycogen breakdown or conversion of noncarbohydrate, 3 carbon precursors to glucose by gluconeogenesis. Glucagon is administered to reverse severe hypoglycemia, a clinical complication associated with type 1 diabetes. However, due to low stability and solubility at neutral pH, there are limitations in the current formulations of glucagon. In Chapter 2, trehalose methacrylate-based nanoparticles were utilized as the stabilizing and solubilizing moiety; glucagon was site-selectively modified to contain a cysteine at amino acid number 24 to covalently attach to the methacrylate-based polymer containing pyridyl disulfide side chains. PEG2000 dithiol was employed as the crosslinker to form uniform nanoparticles. Glucagon nanogels were monitored in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) pH 7.4 at various temperatures to determine its long-term stability in solution. Glucagon nanogels were stable up to at least 5 months by size uniformity when stored at −20 °C and 4 °C, up to 5 days at 25 °C, and less than 12 hours at 37 °C. When glucagon stability was studied by either HPLC or thioflavin T assays, the glucagon was intact for at least 5 months at −20 °C and 4 °C within the nanoparticles at −20 °C and 4 °C and up to 2 days at 25 °C. Additionally, the glucagon nanogels were studied for toxicity and efficacy using various assays in vitro. The findings indicate that the nanogels were nontoxic to fibroblast cells and nonhemolytic to red blood cells. The glucagon in the nanogels was as active as glucagon alone. These results demonstrate the utility of trehalose nanogels towards a glucagon formulation with improved stability and solubility in aqueous solutions, particularly useful for storage at cold temperatures.Protein self-assembly into dimers and higher order structures in biological systems can be essential for protein function and activity, however, many of these complexes are unstable in vivo. Polymeric linkers with reactive handles for protein bioconjugation can stabilize protein higher order structures and improve their pharmacokinetics. In Chapter 3, cysteine bioconjugation strategies are explored with poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) reagents to dimerize the model protein T4 lysozyme (V131C), containing a single surface exposed cysteine. Dimer conversion with dicyclohexylphosphine (PCy2) P,N ligated PEG2000 Au(III), di-1-adamantylphophine (PAd2) P,N ligated PEG2000 Au(III), (maleimide)2, and (vinyl sulfone)2 bifunctionalized PEG were compared at pH 6.0, pH 7.5, and 9.0 and their stability evaluated. This work adds to the growing body of literature on protein dimerization.The work towards investigating higher order oligomeric protein polymer structures is expanded on utilizing the therapeutic protein basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) in Chapter 4. The multimerization conversion from monomeric FGF-2 is investigated at various equivalents, temperatures, and reaction times. This work adds to the growing body of literature on protein multimerization.Polycaprolactone is a widely used biocompatible and degradable polymer. However, the polymer is hydrophobic, and not soluble in water. There are advantages to rendering the polymer soluble in aqueous solutions. In Chapter 5, allyl functionalized caprolactone underwent anionic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and post-polymerization modification via thiol-ene click chemistry with 3-mercaptopropane sulfonate. ROP of ally caprolactone to yield poly (allyl-caprolactone) with molecular weights from 6.3 - 81.2 kDa and poly (sulfonate-caprolactone) with molecular weights from 12.2 - 163.3 kDa after functionalization via thiol-ene. The synthetic approaches taken to access high molecular weights of poly (sulfonate-caprolactone), mechanical properties, and degradability of these materials are discussed.Chapter 2 is published as: Puente, E. G.; Sivasankaran, R.; Vinciguerra, D.; Yang, J.; Lower, H. C.; Hevener, A.; Maynard, H. D. "Uniform Trehalose Nanogels for Glucagon Stabilization." RSC Appl. Polym. 2024, 2, 473. Chapter 3 is in preparation for publication as: Puente, E. G.; Polite, M. F.; Meckes, F. A.; Spokoyny, A. M.; Maynard, H. D. "Comparison of Polymer Protein Homo Dimerization via Cysteine Bioconjugation." In Preparation. Chapter 5 is in preparation for publication as: Puente, E. G.; Snell, K. M.; Maynard, H. D. "Degradable Sulfonate Polymers by Thiol-ene Click Chemistry." In Preparation.
일반주제명  
Chemistry
일반주제명  
Polymer chemistry
일반주제명  
Analytical chemistry
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
키워드  
Peptide therapeutics
키워드  
Protein therapeutics
키워드  
Numerous diseases
키워드  
PEGylation
키워드  
Bioconjugation
기타저자  
University of California, Los Angeles Chemistry 0153
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-06B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aPuente,  Ellie  Grace.
■24510▼aPolymeric  Materials  for  Enhancing  Therapeutic  Biologics
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a214  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-06,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Maynard,  Heather  D.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2024.
■520    ▼aPeptide  and  protein  therapeutics  are  a  growing  and  diverse  field  of  medicine  for  the  treatment  of  numerous  diseases.  Compared  to  small  molecule  therapeutics,  protein  and  peptide  therapeutics  offer  high  specificity  towards  their  target,  minimizing  off-target  effects.  However,  translation  of  these  therapeutics  to  the  clinic  is  limited  by  their  poor  stability,  pharmacokinetics,  and  immunogenetic  concerns.  Polymeric  materials  have  been  used  to  stabilize  and  deliver  these  biologics  as  excipients,  conjugates,  and  nanoparticles.  Herein,  challenges  with  the  stability  of  protein  and  peptide  therapeutics  will  be  discussed  as  well  as  polymeric  delivery  strategies  with  an  emphasis  on  polymeric  nanoparticles,  covalent  conjugation  of  PEG,  known  as  PEGylation,  and  biodegradable  polymers.  My  research  focuses  on  1)  the  exploration  of  polymeric  nanoparticles  to  stabilize  and  deliver  the  therapeutic  peptide  glucagon,  2)  the  comparison  of  polymer  protein  homo  dimerization  via  cysteine  bioconjugation,  3)  the  comparison  of  polymer  protein  multimerization  with  Au  (III)  reagents  via  cysteine  bioconjugation,  and  4)  the  synthesis  and  characterization  of  degradable  sulfonated  polymers.Glucagon  is  a  peptide  hormone  that  acts  via  receptor-mediated  signaling  predominantly  in  the  liver  to  raise  glucose  levels  by  hepatic  glycogen  breakdown  or  conversion  of  noncarbohydrate,  3  carbon  precursors  to  glucose  by  gluconeogenesis.  Glucagon  is  administered  to  reverse  severe  hypoglycemia,  a  clinical  complication  associated  with  type  1  diabetes.  However,  due  to  low  stability  and  solubility  at  neutral  pH,  there  are  limitations  in  the  current  formulations  of  glucagon.  In  Chapter  2,  trehalose  methacrylate-based  nanoparticles  were  utilized  as  the  stabilizing  and  solubilizing  moiety;  glucagon  was  site-selectively  modified  to  contain  a  cysteine  at  amino  acid  number  24  to  covalently  attach  to  the  methacrylate-based  polymer  containing  pyridyl  disulfide  side  chains.  PEG2000  dithiol  was  employed  as  the  crosslinker  to  form  uniform  nanoparticles.  Glucagon  nanogels  were  monitored  in  Dulbecco's  phosphate-buffered  saline  (DPBS)  pH  7.4  at  various  temperatures  to  determine  its  long-term  stability  in  solution.  Glucagon  nanogels  were  stable  up  to  at  least  5  months  by  size  uniformity  when  stored  at  −20  °C  and  4  °C,  up  to  5  days  at  25  °C,  and  less  than  12  hours  at  37  °C.  When  glucagon  stability  was  studied  by  either  HPLC  or  thioflavin  T  assays,  the  glucagon  was  intact  for  at  least  5  months  at  −20  °C  and  4  °C  within  the  nanoparticles  at  −20  °C  and  4  °C  and  up  to  2  days  at  25  °C.  Additionally,  the  glucagon  nanogels  were  studied  for  toxicity  and  efficacy  using  various  assays  in  vitro.  The  findings  indicate  that  the  nanogels  were  nontoxic  to  fibroblast  cells  and  nonhemolytic  to  red  blood  cells.  The  glucagon  in  the  nanogels  was  as  active  as  glucagon  alone.  These  results  demonstrate  the  utility  of  trehalose  nanogels  towards  a  glucagon  formulation  with  improved  stability  and  solubility  in  aqueous  solutions,  particularly  useful  for  storage  at  cold  temperatures.Protein  self-assembly  into  dimers  and  higher  order  structures  in  biological  systems  can  be  essential  for  protein  function  and  activity,  however,  many  of  these  complexes  are  unstable  in  vivo.  Polymeric  linkers  with  reactive  handles  for  protein  bioconjugation  can  stabilize  protein  higher  order  structures  and  improve  their  pharmacokinetics.  In  Chapter  3,  cysteine  bioconjugation  strategies  are  explored  with  poly(ethylene)  glycol  (PEG)  reagents  to  dimerize  the  model  protein  T4  lysozyme  (V131C),  containing  a  single  surface  exposed  cysteine.  Dimer  conversion  with  dicyclohexylphosphine  (PCy2)  P,N  ligated  PEG2000  Au(III),  di-1-adamantylphophine  (PAd2)  P,N  ligated  PEG2000  Au(III),  (maleimide)2,  and  (vinyl  sulfone)2  bifunctionalized  PEG  were  compared  at  pH  6.0,  pH  7.5,  and  9.0  and  their  stability  evaluated.  This  work  adds  to  the  growing  body  of  literature  on  protein  dimerization.The  work  towards  investigating  higher  order  oligomeric  protein  polymer  structures  is  expanded  on  utilizing  the  therapeutic  protein  basic  fibroblast  growth  factor  2  (FGF-2)  in  Chapter  4.  The  multimerization  conversion  from  monomeric  FGF-2  is  investigated  at  various  equivalents,  temperatures,  and  reaction  times.  This  work  adds  to  the  growing  body  of  literature  on  protein  multimerization.Polycaprolactone  is  a  widely  used  biocompatible  and  degradable  polymer.  However,  the  polymer  is  hydrophobic,  and  not  soluble  in  water.  There  are  advantages  to  rendering  the  polymer  soluble  in  aqueous  solutions.  In  Chapter  5,  allyl  functionalized  caprolactone  underwent  anionic  ring-opening  polymerization  (ROP)  and  post-polymerization  modification  via  thiol-ene  click  chemistry  with  3-mercaptopropane  sulfonate.  ROP  of  ally  caprolactone  to  yield  poly  (allyl-caprolactone)  with  molecular  weights  from  6.3  -  81.2  kDa  and  poly  (sulfonate-caprolactone)  with  molecular  weights  from  12.2  -  163.3  kDa  after  functionalization  via  thiol-ene.  The  synthetic  approaches  taken  to  access  high  molecular  weights  of  poly  (sulfonate-caprolactone),  mechanical  properties,  and  degradability  of  these  materials  are  discussed.Chapter  2  is  published  as:  Puente,  E.  G.;  Sivasankaran,  R.;  Vinciguerra,  D.;  Yang,  J.;  Lower,  H.  C.;  Hevener,  A.;  Maynard,  H.  D.  "Uniform  Trehalose  Nanogels  for  Glucagon  Stabilization."  RSC  Appl.  Polym.  2024,  2,  473.  Chapter  3  is  in  preparation  for  publication  as:  Puente,  E.  G.;  Polite,  M.  F.;  Meckes,  F.  A.;  Spokoyny,  A.  M.;  Maynard,  H.  D.  "Comparison  of  Polymer  Protein  Homo  Dimerization  via  Cysteine  Bioconjugation."  In  Preparation.  Chapter  5  is  in  preparation  for  publication  as:  Puente,  E.  G.;  Snell,  K.  M.;  Maynard,  H.  D.  "Degradable  Sulfonate  Polymers  by  Thiol-ene  Click  Chemistry."  In  Preparation.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0031.
■650  4▼aChemistry
■650  4▼aPolymer  chemistry
■650  4▼aAnalytical  chemistry
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■653    ▼aPeptide  therapeutics
■653    ▼aProtein  therapeutics
■653    ▼aNumerous  diseases
■653    ▼aPEGylation
■653    ▼aBioconjugation
■690    ▼a0485
■690    ▼a0486
■690    ▼a0495
■690    ▼a0487
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼bChemistry  0153.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-06B.
■790    ▼a0031
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17165088▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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