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Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP) Interaction With Ancient Viruses and Host Factors Shapes Its Antiviral Activity
Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP) Interaction With Ancient Viruses and Host Factors Shap...
Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP) Interaction With Ancient Viruses and Host Factors Shapes Its Antiviral Activity

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211153123
ISBN  
9798346855460
DDC  
576.6
저자명  
Huang, Serina.
서명/저자  
Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP) Interaction With Ancient Viruses and Host Factors Shapes Its Antiviral Activity
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Los Angeles, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
175 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-06, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Hing Li, Melody Man;Garud, Nandita;Lohmueller, Kirk Edward;Wu, Ting-Ting.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that infect mammals and cause arthritogenic and/or encephalitic disease. The risk of an alphavirus outbreak increases as urbanization and global warming alter the habitats of alphaviruses' vectors and host species. Zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) is an interferon-stimulated gene that is upregulated to combat alphavirus infections. While the functions of individual ZAP domains in viral infection are known, it is unclear if and how they-along with other cofactors-may work together to create a strong defense against alphaviruses. This dissertation aims to understand the anti-alphaviral mechanism of ZAP using evolutionary approaches and molecular biology.To determine the sites that have functional importance in ZAP throughout its evolutionary history with viruses, we harnessed the power of positive selection analysis. Using complementary computational approaches that model codon substitution rates, we identified the sites on ZAP that have been the targets of positive selection in the host-virus arms race. We found seven positively selected sites distributed across the ZAP gene. When one of the positively selected sites is mutated to an alanine, we observed that the mutant is almost 10- fold better at inhibiting alphaviruses. This improvement is not due to differences in ZAP's interaction with viral RNA or its cofactor tripartite motif containing 25 (TRIM25), but is associated with a reduced ability to bind to poly(ADP-ribose). Next, to understand how TRIM25 cofactors contribute to ZAP-mediated antiviral activity, we followed up on poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 4 (PABPC4) and investigated its role in regulating viral RNA translation. We found that TRIM25 ubiquitination bolsters PABPC4's enhancement of alphavirus inhibition. We also demonstrated that PABPC4 binds to alphaviral RNA and blocks its translation early on in infection. The work presented here shows that ZAP's interactions with ancient viruses and host factors have shaped its antiviral activity, and implicates translational regulation and modification as key components of the host defense against alphaviruses.
일반주제명  
Virology
일반주제명  
Genetics
일반주제명  
Bioinformatics
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
키워드  
Alphaviruses
키워드  
Host-pathogen interactions
키워드  
Zinc finger antiviral protein
키워드  
Encephalitic disease
키워드  
TRIM25
기타저자  
University of California, Los Angeles Human Genetics 0994
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-06B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■0820  ▼a576.6
■1001  ▼aHuang,  Serina.
■24510▼aZinc  Finger  Antiviral  Protein  (ZAP)  Interaction  With  Ancient  Viruses  and  Host  Factors  Shapes  Its  Antiviral  Activity
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a175  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-06,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hing  Li,  Melody  Man;Garud,  Nandita;Lohmueller,  Kirk  Edward;Wu,  Ting-Ting.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2024.
■520    ▼aAlphaviruses  are  arthropod-borne  viruses  that  infect  mammals  and  cause  arthritogenic  and/or  encephalitic  disease.  The  risk  of  an  alphavirus  outbreak  increases  as  urbanization  and  global  warming  alter  the  habitats  of  alphaviruses'  vectors  and  host  species.  Zinc  finger  antiviral  protein  (ZAP)  is  an  interferon-stimulated  gene  that  is  upregulated  to  combat  alphavirus  infections.  While  the  functions  of  individual  ZAP  domains  in  viral  infection  are  known,  it  is  unclear  if  and  how  they-along  with  other  cofactors-may  work  together  to  create  a  strong  defense  against  alphaviruses.  This  dissertation  aims  to  understand  the  anti-alphaviral  mechanism  of  ZAP  using  evolutionary  approaches  and  molecular  biology.To  determine  the  sites  that  have  functional  importance  in  ZAP  throughout  its  evolutionary  history  with  viruses,  we  harnessed  the  power  of  positive  selection  analysis.  Using  complementary  computational  approaches  that  model  codon  substitution  rates,  we  identified  the  sites  on  ZAP  that  have  been  the  targets  of  positive  selection  in  the  host-virus  arms  race.  We  found  seven  positively  selected  sites  distributed  across  the  ZAP  gene.  When  one  of  the  positively  selected  sites  is  mutated  to  an  alanine,  we  observed  that  the  mutant  is  almost  10-  fold  better  at  inhibiting  alphaviruses.  This  improvement  is  not  due  to  differences  in  ZAP's  interaction  with  viral  RNA  or  its  cofactor  tripartite  motif  containing  25  (TRIM25),  but  is  associated  with  a  reduced  ability  to  bind  to  poly(ADP-ribose). Next,  to  understand  how  TRIM25  cofactors  contribute  to  ZAP-mediated  antiviral  activity,  we  followed  up  on  poly(A)  binding  protein  cytoplasmic  4  (PABPC4)  and  investigated  its  role  in  regulating  viral  RNA  translation.  We  found  that  TRIM25  ubiquitination  bolsters  PABPC4's  enhancement  of  alphavirus  inhibition.  We  also  demonstrated  that  PABPC4  binds  to  alphaviral  RNA  and  blocks  its  translation  early  on  in  infection.  The  work  presented  here  shows  that  ZAP's  interactions  with  ancient  viruses  and  host  factors  have  shaped  its  antiviral  activity,  and  implicates  translational  regulation  and  modification  as  key  components  of  the  host  defense  against  alphaviruses.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0031.
■650  4▼aVirology
■650  4▼aGenetics
■650  4▼aBioinformatics
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■653    ▼aAlphaviruses  
■653    ▼aHost-pathogen  interactions
■653    ▼aZinc  finger  antiviral  protein
■653    ▼aEncephalitic  disease
■653    ▼aTRIM25  
■690    ▼a0720
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0715
■690    ▼a0307
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼bHuman  Genetics  0994.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-06B.
■790    ▼a0031
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17165097▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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