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Making "Weed Maps": Using Mapping to Evaluate (In)Equity in Cannabis Retail Outlet Availability in the United States
Making "Weed Maps": Using Mapping to Evaluate (In)Equity in Cannabis Retail Outlet Availab...
Making "Weed Maps": Using Mapping to Evaluate (In)Equity in Cannabis Retail Outlet Availability in the United States

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151415
ISBN  
9798382783871
DDC  
614
저자명  
Kephart, Lindsay.
서명/저자  
Making Weed Maps: Using Mapping to Evaluate (In)Equity in Cannabis Retail Outlet Availability in the United States
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
127 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Rees, Vaughan.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약As of 2023, twenty-four states and Washington D.C. have legalized the production and sale of recreational cannabis for adult use. The establishment of a legal marketplace is followed by the opening of storefront locations from which adults can legally purchase these products. However, there has been minimal inquiry into cannabis retailer location or if patterns of cannabis retail density differ by neighborhood characteristics. The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the distribution of recreational cannabis retailers across early- and later-adopting states, identify the association between neighborhood advantage and disadvantage and cannabis retail density, and describe how cannabis retailer location relates to neighborhood alcohol and tobacco outlets.Study 1 assessed the association between structural neighborhood advantage or disadvantage with the presence of one or more cannabis retailers in a census tract. Neighborhood advantage and disadvantage was measured using quintiles of the (1) Neighborhood Deprivation Index and the (2) Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE). In the adjusted model, tracts in the most deprived quintile had 2.12 times the odds of having at least 1 cannabis retailer compared to the reference group of the least deprived census tracts. Q1 tracts with greatest concentration of Black residents or Hispanic residents, had 1.51 and 1.92 times the odds of having a cannabis retailer compared to Q5 tracts with the greatest concentration of White residents. Q1 tracts with greatest concentration of low-income Black or Hispanic residents had 2.35 and 2.47 times the odds of having a cannabis retailer compared to tracts with the greatest concentration of high-income White residents.The purpose of Study 2 was to identify the relationship between structural neighborhood advantage and disadvantage with different measures of cannabis retail density (count per tract, cannabis retail density per 1000 population, cannabis retail density per square mile, and cannabis retail density per 10 km of roadway). Quintiles of ICE were used to represent structural neighborhood disadvantage and advantage, comparing Income (low-income vs high-income), Race (racialized vs white populations) and Race-Income (low-income racialized populations vs high-income white populations). Across all four measures of cannabis retail density, the most disadvantaged tracts (Q1) had a greater likelihood or odds of increased cannabis retail density, on average, compared to the most advantaged tracts (Q5). However, these differences varied based on density measure used. While the likelihood or odds of cannabis count per tract and cannabis retail density per population were not significantly different across quintiles of ICE comparing racialized vs white populations, quintiles with more racialized populations had increased odds of more cannabis retail density per square mile and per 10km of roadway. The most disparate effects were observed for cannabis retail density per square mile.The purpose of Study 3 was to measure alcohol and tobacco retailer presence near cannabis retailers, using measures of proximity and density. The average distance from a cannabis retailer and the nearest alcohol or tobacco outlet was 495.5 feet (median: 130 feet). On average, there were 1.3 and 3.0 alcohol or tobacco outlets within 500 and 1000 feet of cannabis retailers on the census tract level. In the adjusted model, greater proportions of Black residents were associated with less distance between cannabis retailers and the nearest alcohol or tobacco outlet and suburban and rural tracts versus urban tracts were associated with more distance between outlets. Low-income tracts compared to high-income tracts and a greater proportion of vacant units were associated with a greater count of alcohol and tobacco outlets within 500 and 1000 circular feet of cannabis retailers. A greater percentage of Hispanic residents, and suburban and rural tracts vs urban tracts were associated with a lower count of alcohol and tobacco outlets near cannabis retailers.In conclusion, the results of this dissertation suggest that, nationally, census tracts with the highest levels of neighborhood racial or socioeconomic disadvantage have greater cannabis retail density compared to more advantaged tracts. It was common for cannabis retailers to be located near alcohol and tobacco outlets, with some areas or populations subjected to structural disadvantage demonstrating a greater density or proximity of alcohol and tobacco outlets near cannabis retailers, suggesting that these disparate patterns of retail density may be related. In general, this dissertation is a novel line of inquiry with significant implications for research, surveillance, and evaluation efforts going forward. This research can inform how states and localities regulate cannabis retail location to ensure socially equitable outcomes in practice.
일반주제명  
Public health
일반주제명  
Epidemiology
일반주제명  
Clinical psychology
키워드  
Tobacco
키워드  
Alcohol
키워드  
Cannabis retailers
키워드  
Neighborhood Deprivation Index
기타저자  
Harvard University Population Health Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■020    ▼a9798382783871
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31293500
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a614
■1001  ▼aKephart,  Lindsay.▼0(orcid)0000-0003-4742-7581
■24510▼aMaking  "Weed  Maps":  Using  Mapping  to  Evaluate  (In)Equity  in  Cannabis  Retail  Outlet  Availability  in  the  United  States
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a127  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Rees,  Vaughan.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aAs  of  2023,  twenty-four  states  and  Washington  D.C.  have  legalized  the  production  and  sale  of  recreational  cannabis  for  adult  use.  The  establishment  of  a  legal  marketplace  is  followed  by  the  opening  of  storefront  locations  from  which  adults  can  legally  purchase  these  products.  However,  there  has  been  minimal  inquiry  into  cannabis  retailer  location  or  if  patterns  of  cannabis  retail  density  differ  by  neighborhood  characteristics.  The  purpose  of  this  dissertation  was  to  examine  the  distribution  of  recreational  cannabis  retailers  across  early-  and  later-adopting  states,  identify  the  association  between  neighborhood  advantage  and  disadvantage  and  cannabis  retail  density,  and  describe  how  cannabis  retailer  location  relates  to  neighborhood  alcohol  and  tobacco  outlets.Study  1  assessed  the  association  between  structural  neighborhood  advantage  or  disadvantage  with  the  presence  of  one  or  more  cannabis  retailers  in  a  census  tract.  Neighborhood  advantage  and  disadvantage  was  measured  using  quintiles  of  the  (1)  Neighborhood  Deprivation  Index  and  the  (2)  Index  of  Concentration  at  the  Extremes  (ICE).  In  the  adjusted  model,  tracts  in  the  most  deprived  quintile  had  2.12  times  the  odds  of  having  at  least  1  cannabis  retailer  compared  to  the  reference  group  of  the  least  deprived  census  tracts.  Q1  tracts  with  greatest  concentration  of  Black  residents  or  Hispanic  residents,  had  1.51  and  1.92  times  the  odds  of  having  a  cannabis  retailer  compared  to  Q5  tracts  with  the  greatest  concentration  of  White  residents.  Q1  tracts  with  greatest  concentration  of  low-income  Black  or  Hispanic  residents  had  2.35  and  2.47  times  the  odds  of  having  a  cannabis  retailer  compared  to  tracts  with  the  greatest  concentration  of  high-income  White  residents.The  purpose  of  Study  2  was  to  identify  the  relationship  between  structural  neighborhood  advantage  and  disadvantage  with  different  measures  of  cannabis  retail  density  (count  per  tract,  cannabis  retail  density  per  1000  population,  cannabis  retail  density  per  square  mile,  and  cannabis  retail  density  per  10  km  of  roadway).  Quintiles  of  ICE  were  used  to  represent  structural  neighborhood  disadvantage  and  advantage,  comparing Income  (low-income  vs  high-income),  Race  (racialized  vs  white  populations)  and  Race-Income  (low-income  racialized  populations  vs  high-income  white  populations).  Across  all  four  measures  of  cannabis  retail  density,  the  most  disadvantaged  tracts  (Q1)  had  a  greater  likelihood  or  odds  of  increased  cannabis  retail  density,  on  average,  compared  to  the  most  advantaged  tracts  (Q5).  However,  these  differences  varied  based  on  density  measure  used.  While  the  likelihood  or  odds  of  cannabis  count  per  tract  and  cannabis  retail  density  per  population  were  not  significantly  different  across  quintiles  of  ICE  comparing  racialized  vs  white  populations,  quintiles  with  more  racialized  populations  had  increased  odds  of  more  cannabis  retail  density  per  square  mile  and  per  10km  of  roadway.  The  most  disparate  effects  were  observed  for  cannabis  retail  density  per  square  mile.The  purpose  of  Study  3  was  to  measure  alcohol  and  tobacco  retailer  presence  near  cannabis  retailers,  using  measures  of  proximity  and  density.  The  average  distance  from  a  cannabis  retailer  and  the  nearest  alcohol  or  tobacco  outlet  was  495.5  feet  (median:  130  feet).  On  average,  there  were  1.3  and  3.0  alcohol  or  tobacco  outlets  within  500  and  1000  feet  of  cannabis  retailers  on  the  census  tract  level.  In  the  adjusted  model,  greater  proportions  of  Black  residents  were  associated  with  less  distance  between  cannabis  retailers  and  the  nearest  alcohol  or  tobacco  outlet  and  suburban  and  rural  tracts  versus  urban  tracts  were  associated  with  more  distance  between  outlets.  Low-income  tracts  compared  to  high-income  tracts  and  a  greater  proportion  of  vacant  units  were  associated  with  a  greater  count  of  alcohol  and  tobacco  outlets  within  500  and  1000  circular  feet  of  cannabis  retailers.  A  greater  percentage  of  Hispanic  residents,  and  suburban  and  rural  tracts  vs  urban  tracts  were  associated  with  a  lower  count  of  alcohol  and  tobacco  outlets  near  cannabis  retailers.In  conclusion,  the  results  of  this  dissertation  suggest  that,  nationally,  census  tracts  with  the  highest  levels  of  neighborhood  racial  or  socioeconomic  disadvantage  have  greater  cannabis  retail  density  compared  to  more  advantaged  tracts.  It  was  common  for  cannabis  retailers  to  be  located  near  alcohol  and  tobacco  outlets,  with  some  areas  or  populations  subjected  to  structural  disadvantage  demonstrating  a  greater  density  or  proximity  of  alcohol  and  tobacco  outlets  near  cannabis  retailers,  suggesting  that  these  disparate  patterns  of  retail  density  may  be  related.  In  general,  this  dissertation  is  a  novel  line  of  inquiry  with  significant  implications  for  research,  surveillance,  and  evaluation  efforts  going  forward.  This  research  can  inform  how  states  and  localities  regulate  cannabis  retail  location  to  ensure  socially  equitable  outcomes  in  practice.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aPublic  health
■650  4▼aEpidemiology
■650  4▼aClinical  psychology
■653    ▼aTobacco
■653    ▼aAlcohol
■653    ▼aCannabis  retailers
■653    ▼aNeighborhood  Deprivation  Index
■690    ▼a0573
■690    ▼a0766
■690    ▼a0622
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bPopulation  Health  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161579▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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