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High-Throughput Analysis of the Antigenic Effects of Mutations to Influenza Hemagglutinin
High-Throughput Analysis of the Antigenic Effects of Mutations to Influenza Hemagglutinin
High-Throughput Analysis of the Antigenic Effects of Mutations to Influenza Hemagglutinin

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151012
ISBN  
9798382214832
DDC  
575
저자명  
Welsh, Frances.
서명/저자  
High-Throughput Analysis of the Antigenic Effects of Mutations to Influenza Hemagglutinin
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Washington, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
121 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-10, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Bloom, Jesse D.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Influenza virus rapidly evolves to escape neutralization by polyclonal antibodies. However, we have a limited understanding of how the effects of viral mutations on antibody neutralization vary across the human population, and how this heterogeneity might affect virus evolution. In my dissertation, I address this question by mapping the antigenic effects of influenza mutations against sera from defined age cohorts.First, I describe the development of an improved deep mutational scanning system to measure how mutations in hemagglutinin (HA) affect neutralization by human sera. I engineer a chimeric, barcoded HA construct, which both improves sample throughput while also allowing for absolute quantification of both escape and sensitizing mutations. I show that the resulting barcoded libraries can be used to map the HA epitopes targeted by monoclonal antibodies, antibody cocktails, and polyclonal sera, and that these measurements are consistent with results from traditional neutralization assays.In the remainder of my thesis, I use a barcoded library in the background of the A/Hong Kong/45/2019 H3 HA protein to analyze heterogeneity in serum antibody targeting across individuals and age cohorts. I find that the effects of HA mutations on serum neutralization differ across age groups, and that these differences can be partially rationalized in terms of exposure histories. For instance, mutations that revert to amino acids found in the HAs of older viral strains often increase neutralization sensitivity in older individuals, but not young children. I incorporate data from similar experiments using the earlier, non-barcoded A/Perth/16/2009 H3 HA library, which also found substantial differences between child and adult escape maps. Natural mutations that fixed in influenza variants after 2020 cause the greatest escape from sera from children and teenagers, suggesting that antigenic pressure from younger age groups play a more prominent role in driving viral evolution.Overall, my graduate research demonstrates that influenza faces distinct antigenic selection regimes from different age groups, and that this heterogeneity may have a substantial impact on viral evolution. More rigorous characterization of this immune heterogeneity has the potential to improve both evolutionary forecasting and vaccine effectiveness.
일반주제명  
Genetics
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Virology
일반주제명  
Immunology
키워드  
Antibody immunity
키워드  
Deep mutational scanning
키워드  
Hemagglutinin
키워드  
Influenza virus
키워드  
Viral evolution
기타저자  
University of Washington Molecular and Cellular Biology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-10B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aWelsh,  Frances.
■24510▼aHigh-Throughput  Analysis  of  the  Antigenic  Effects  of  Mutations  to  Influenza  Hemagglutinin
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Washington▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a121  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-10,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Bloom,  Jesse  D.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Washington,  2024.
■520    ▼aInfluenza  virus  rapidly  evolves  to  escape  neutralization  by  polyclonal  antibodies.  However,  we  have  a  limited  understanding  of  how  the  effects  of  viral  mutations  on  antibody  neutralization  vary  across  the  human  population,  and  how  this  heterogeneity  might  affect  virus  evolution.  In  my  dissertation,  I  address  this  question  by  mapping  the  antigenic  effects  of  influenza  mutations  against  sera  from  defined  age  cohorts.First,  I  describe  the  development  of  an  improved  deep  mutational  scanning  system  to  measure  how  mutations  in  hemagglutinin  (HA)  affect  neutralization  by  human  sera.  I  engineer  a  chimeric,  barcoded  HA  construct,  which  both  improves  sample  throughput  while  also  allowing  for  absolute  quantification  of  both  escape  and  sensitizing  mutations.  I  show  that  the  resulting  barcoded  libraries  can  be  used  to  map  the  HA  epitopes  targeted  by  monoclonal  antibodies,  antibody  cocktails,  and  polyclonal  sera,  and  that  these  measurements  are  consistent  with  results  from  traditional  neutralization  assays.In  the  remainder  of  my  thesis,  I  use  a  barcoded  library  in  the  background  of  the  A/Hong  Kong/45/2019  H3  HA  protein  to  analyze  heterogeneity  in  serum  antibody  targeting  across  individuals  and  age  cohorts.  I  find  that  the  effects  of  HA  mutations  on  serum  neutralization  differ  across  age  groups,  and  that  these  differences  can  be  partially  rationalized  in  terms  of  exposure  histories.  For  instance,  mutations  that  revert  to  amino  acids  found  in  the  HAs  of  older  viral  strains  often  increase  neutralization  sensitivity  in  older  individuals,  but  not  young  children.  I  incorporate  data  from  similar  experiments  using  the  earlier,  non-barcoded  A/Perth/16/2009  H3  HA  library,  which  also  found  substantial  differences  between  child  and  adult  escape  maps.  Natural  mutations  that  fixed  in  influenza  variants  after  2020  cause  the  greatest  escape  from  sera  from  children  and  teenagers,  suggesting  that  antigenic  pressure  from  younger  age  groups  play  a  more  prominent  role  in  driving  viral  evolution.Overall,  my  graduate  research  demonstrates  that  influenza  faces  distinct  antigenic  selection  regimes  from  different  age  groups,  and  that  this  heterogeneity  may  have  a  substantial  impact  on  viral  evolution.  More  rigorous  characterization  of  this  immune  heterogeneity  has  the  potential  to  improve  both  evolutionary  forecasting  and  vaccine  effectiveness.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0250.
■650  4▼aGenetics
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aVirology
■650  4▼aImmunology
■653    ▼aAntibody  immunity
■653    ▼aDeep  mutational  scanning
■653    ▼aHemagglutinin
■653    ▼aInfluenza  virus  
■653    ▼aViral  evolution
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0307
■690    ▼a0720
■690    ▼a0982
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Washington▼bMolecular  and  Cellular  Biology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-10B.
■790    ▼a0250
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160405▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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