서브메뉴
검색
High-Throughput Analysis of the Antigenic Effects of Mutations to Influenza Hemagglutinin
High-Throughput Analysis of the Antigenic Effects of Mutations to Influenza Hemagglutinin
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20250211151012
- ISBN
- 9798382214832
- DDC
- 575
- 저자명
- Welsh, Frances.
- 서명/저자
- High-Throughput Analysis of the Antigenic Effects of Mutations to Influenza Hemagglutinin
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of Washington, 2024
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
- 형태사항
- 121 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-10, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Bloom, Jesse D.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2024.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Influenza virus rapidly evolves to escape neutralization by polyclonal antibodies. However, we have a limited understanding of how the effects of viral mutations on antibody neutralization vary across the human population, and how this heterogeneity might affect virus evolution. In my dissertation, I address this question by mapping the antigenic effects of influenza mutations against sera from defined age cohorts.First, I describe the development of an improved deep mutational scanning system to measure how mutations in hemagglutinin (HA) affect neutralization by human sera. I engineer a chimeric, barcoded HA construct, which both improves sample throughput while also allowing for absolute quantification of both escape and sensitizing mutations. I show that the resulting barcoded libraries can be used to map the HA epitopes targeted by monoclonal antibodies, antibody cocktails, and polyclonal sera, and that these measurements are consistent with results from traditional neutralization assays.In the remainder of my thesis, I use a barcoded library in the background of the A/Hong Kong/45/2019 H3 HA protein to analyze heterogeneity in serum antibody targeting across individuals and age cohorts. I find that the effects of HA mutations on serum neutralization differ across age groups, and that these differences can be partially rationalized in terms of exposure histories. For instance, mutations that revert to amino acids found in the HAs of older viral strains often increase neutralization sensitivity in older individuals, but not young children. I incorporate data from similar experiments using the earlier, non-barcoded A/Perth/16/2009 H3 HA library, which also found substantial differences between child and adult escape maps. Natural mutations that fixed in influenza variants after 2020 cause the greatest escape from sera from children and teenagers, suggesting that antigenic pressure from younger age groups play a more prominent role in driving viral evolution.Overall, my graduate research demonstrates that influenza faces distinct antigenic selection regimes from different age groups, and that this heterogeneity may have a substantial impact on viral evolution. More rigorous characterization of this immune heterogeneity has the potential to improve both evolutionary forecasting and vaccine effectiveness.
- 일반주제명
- Genetics
- 일반주제명
- Molecular biology
- 일반주제명
- Virology
- 일반주제명
- Immunology
- 키워드
- Hemagglutinin
- 키워드
- Influenza virus
- 키워드
- Viral evolution
- 기타저자
- University of Washington Molecular and Cellular Biology
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-10B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
008250123s2024 us c eng d■001000017160405
■00520250211151012
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798382214832
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30995623
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a575
■1001 ▼aWelsh, Frances.
■24510▼aHigh-Throughput Analysis of the Antigenic Effects of Mutations to Influenza Hemagglutinin
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of Washington▼c2024
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2024
■300 ▼a121 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-10, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Bloom, Jesse D.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2024.
■520 ▼aInfluenza virus rapidly evolves to escape neutralization by polyclonal antibodies. However, we have a limited understanding of how the effects of viral mutations on antibody neutralization vary across the human population, and how this heterogeneity might affect virus evolution. In my dissertation, I address this question by mapping the antigenic effects of influenza mutations against sera from defined age cohorts.First, I describe the development of an improved deep mutational scanning system to measure how mutations in hemagglutinin (HA) affect neutralization by human sera. I engineer a chimeric, barcoded HA construct, which both improves sample throughput while also allowing for absolute quantification of both escape and sensitizing mutations. I show that the resulting barcoded libraries can be used to map the HA epitopes targeted by monoclonal antibodies, antibody cocktails, and polyclonal sera, and that these measurements are consistent with results from traditional neutralization assays.In the remainder of my thesis, I use a barcoded library in the background of the A/Hong Kong/45/2019 H3 HA protein to analyze heterogeneity in serum antibody targeting across individuals and age cohorts. I find that the effects of HA mutations on serum neutralization differ across age groups, and that these differences can be partially rationalized in terms of exposure histories. For instance, mutations that revert to amino acids found in the HAs of older viral strains often increase neutralization sensitivity in older individuals, but not young children. I incorporate data from similar experiments using the earlier, non-barcoded A/Perth/16/2009 H3 HA library, which also found substantial differences between child and adult escape maps. Natural mutations that fixed in influenza variants after 2020 cause the greatest escape from sera from children and teenagers, suggesting that antigenic pressure from younger age groups play a more prominent role in driving viral evolution.Overall, my graduate research demonstrates that influenza faces distinct antigenic selection regimes from different age groups, and that this heterogeneity may have a substantial impact on viral evolution. More rigorous characterization of this immune heterogeneity has the potential to improve both evolutionary forecasting and vaccine effectiveness.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0250.
■650 4▼aGenetics
■650 4▼aMolecular biology
■650 4▼aVirology
■650 4▼aImmunology
■653 ▼aAntibody immunity
■653 ▼aDeep mutational scanning
■653 ▼aHemagglutinin
■653 ▼aInfluenza virus
■653 ▼aViral evolution
■690 ▼a0369
■690 ▼a0307
■690 ▼a0720
■690 ▼a0982
■71020▼aUniversity of Washington▼bMolecular and Cellular Biology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g85-10B.
■790 ▼a0250
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2024
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160405▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


