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Charge and Optical Stability of Color Centers in Diamond for Quantum Applications
Charge and Optical Stability of Color Centers in Diamond for Quantum Applications
Charge and Optical Stability of Color Centers in Diamond for Quantum Applications

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151027
ISBN  
9798383226599
DDC  
530
저자명  
Pederson, Christian Bernat.
서명/저자  
Charge and Optical Stability of Color Centers in Diamond for Quantum Applications
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Washington, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
177 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Fu, Kai-Mei C.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Certain color centers in wide-bandgap semiconductors, such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) and silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in diamond, possess charge states that combine bright, spin-selective optical transitions with relatively long spin coherence times. Furthermore, these color centers exist inside a solid-state medium which enables integration in various device geometries for a wide range of promising quantum technologies.Color centers can serve as sub-nm sensors of the electric fields, magnetic fields, strain, temperature, and electron chemical potential. For certain color centers, their electronic structure can be read out through their fluorescence. Within imperfect crystals, these color centers can be indispensable diagnostic tools of the crystal quality. In high-quality crystals they can be used to detect magnetic and electric fields of interest that originate from outside the diamond, or store and process quantum information within quantum spin registers composed of electronic and nuclear spins. Furthermore these color centers are natural single photon emitters, enabling the possibility of on-demand single photon sources for secure quantum communication. Combining these two modalities, quantum processors and single photon emission, enables the creation of delocalized quantum networks.Two of the biggest limitations in practical implementations of these technologies are charge and optical frequency instabilities. Charge instability refers to undesirable ionization processes where color centers gain or lose electrons, losing quantum information and entering optically dark states in the process. Even among color centers with stable charge states there can be optical frequency instabilities, a failure of a color center to reliably emit at a fixed frequency. Both of these effects become exacerbated in realistic device environments.In Chapter 3, we discuss measurements correlating the charge instabilities and optical frequency instabilities to the diamond's exposure to plasma used to fabricate photonic structures. We then demonstrate that photonic structures can be fabricated without exposing the diamond to plasma, while achieving reasonable color center-cavity coupling. In Chapter 4, we discuss measurements of shallow color centers formed via ion implantation and annealing to investigate the remaining sources of optical frequency instabilities. This correlated study of many color centers isolates the contributions to the frequency instabilities caused by the residual damage from ion implantation, the proximity to charge traps on the diamond surface, and the dynamic charge environment created during optical charge re-pumping. The primary contributions to the frequency instabilities are found to be the proximity to the surface, and the charge re-pumping. In Chapter 5, we discuss the mechanism that causes the chemical treatment of the diamond surface, specifically oxidation and hydrogenation treatments, to modify the charge state of shallow color centers. We demonstrate that correlated scanning probe microscopy and optical spectroscopy are effective techniques for imaging these chemically distinct surfaces with micron-scale resolution, and the effect they have on shallow color center's charge states. We then develop a novel surface treatment utilizing focused laser light which combines optical spatial resolution and dynamic feedback for precise surface functionalization. We use the correlated scanning probe and optical spectroscopy measurements to identify the physical mechanism underlying this technique, and find that it is laser-assisted oxidation. Finally, in Chapter 6, we discuss the development of a dynamic charge re-pump scheme using above-bandgap excitation that neutralizes rather than charges defects in an effort to minimize optical frequency instabilities. We demonstrate through optical spectroscopy that the neutralization technique works on the two most commonly used optically-active color centers, the nitrogen-vacancy and silicon-vacancy center in diamond.This thesis does not claim to solve charge and optical frequency instabilities which remains a long-standing and challenging goal within the field. However the tools and techniques we develop are significant advancements in our capabilities to stabilize novel color centers, understand their underlying dynamics, and characterize their performance. We also provide insights into the behavior of color centers in wide-bandgap semiconductors where deviations from thermal equilibrium can be exceptionally long-lived. The exotic charge dynamics in realistic crystal environments complicate even basic observations, but future mastery over these exotic effects may one day lead to brand-new technologies based on color centers in wide-bandgap semiconductors like diamond.
일반주제명  
Physics
일반주제명  
Quantum physics
일반주제명  
Materials science
일반주제명  
Condensed matter physics
일반주제명  
Optics
키워드  
Color centers
키워드  
Diamond
키워드  
Integrated photonics
키워드  
Optical spectroscopy
키워드  
Surface functionalization
기타저자  
University of Washington Physics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30996980
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a530
■1001  ▼aPederson,  Christian  Bernat.
■24510▼aCharge  and  Optical  Stability  of  Color  Centers  in  Diamond  for  Quantum  Applications
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Washington▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a177  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Fu,  Kai-Mei  C.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Washington,  2024.
■520    ▼aCertain  color  centers  in  wide-bandgap  semiconductors,  such  as  the  nitrogen-vacancy  (NV)  and  silicon-vacancy  (SiV)  centers  in  diamond,  possess  charge  states  that  combine  bright,  spin-selective  optical  transitions  with  relatively  long  spin  coherence  times.  Furthermore,  these  color  centers  exist  inside  a  solid-state  medium  which  enables  integration  in  various  device  geometries  for  a  wide  range  of  promising  quantum  technologies.Color  centers  can  serve  as  sub-nm  sensors  of  the  electric  fields,  magnetic  fields,  strain,  temperature,  and  electron  chemical  potential.  For  certain  color  centers,  their  electronic  structure  can  be  read  out  through  their  fluorescence.  Within  imperfect  crystals,  these  color  centers  can  be  indispensable  diagnostic  tools  of  the  crystal  quality.  In  high-quality  crystals  they  can  be  used  to  detect  magnetic  and  electric  fields  of  interest  that  originate  from  outside  the  diamond,  or  store  and  process  quantum  information  within  quantum  spin  registers  composed  of  electronic  and  nuclear  spins.  Furthermore  these  color  centers  are  natural  single  photon  emitters,  enabling  the  possibility  of  on-demand  single  photon  sources  for  secure  quantum  communication.  Combining  these  two  modalities,  quantum  processors  and  single  photon  emission,  enables  the  creation  of  delocalized  quantum  networks.Two  of  the  biggest  limitations  in  practical  implementations  of  these  technologies  are  charge  and  optical  frequency  instabilities.  Charge  instability  refers  to  undesirable  ionization  processes  where  color  centers  gain  or  lose  electrons,  losing  quantum  information  and  entering  optically  dark  states  in  the  process.  Even  among  color  centers  with  stable  charge  states  there  can  be  optical  frequency  instabilities,  a  failure  of  a  color  center  to  reliably  emit  at  a  fixed  frequency.  Both  of  these  effects  become  exacerbated  in  realistic  device  environments.In  Chapter  3,  we  discuss  measurements  correlating  the  charge  instabilities  and  optical  frequency  instabilities  to  the  diamond's  exposure  to  plasma  used  to  fabricate  photonic  structures.  We  then  demonstrate  that  photonic  structures  can  be  fabricated  without  exposing  the  diamond  to  plasma,  while  achieving  reasonable  color  center-cavity  coupling.  In  Chapter  4,  we  discuss  measurements  of  shallow  color  centers  formed  via  ion  implantation  and  annealing  to  investigate  the  remaining  sources  of  optical  frequency  instabilities.  This  correlated  study  of  many  color  centers  isolates  the  contributions  to  the  frequency  instabilities  caused  by  the  residual  damage  from  ion  implantation,  the  proximity  to  charge  traps  on  the  diamond  surface,  and  the  dynamic  charge  environment  created  during  optical  charge  re-pumping.  The  primary  contributions  to  the  frequency  instabilities  are  found  to  be  the  proximity  to  the  surface,  and  the  charge  re-pumping. In  Chapter  5,  we  discuss  the  mechanism  that  causes  the  chemical  treatment  of  the  diamond  surface,  specifically  oxidation  and  hydrogenation  treatments,  to  modify  the  charge  state  of  shallow  color  centers.  We  demonstrate  that  correlated  scanning  probe  microscopy  and  optical  spectroscopy  are  effective  techniques  for  imaging  these  chemically  distinct  surfaces  with  micron-scale  resolution,  and  the  effect  they  have  on  shallow  color  center's  charge  states.  We  then  develop  a  novel  surface  treatment  utilizing  focused  laser  light  which  combines  optical  spatial  resolution  and  dynamic  feedback  for  precise  surface  functionalization.  We  use  the  correlated  scanning  probe  and  optical  spectroscopy  measurements  to  identify  the  physical  mechanism  underlying  this  technique,  and  find  that  it  is  laser-assisted  oxidation.  Finally,  in  Chapter  6,  we  discuss  the  development  of  a  dynamic  charge  re-pump  scheme  using  above-bandgap  excitation  that  neutralizes  rather  than  charges  defects  in  an  effort  to  minimize  optical  frequency  instabilities.  We  demonstrate  through  optical  spectroscopy  that  the  neutralization  technique  works  on  the  two  most  commonly  used  optically-active  color  centers,  the  nitrogen-vacancy  and  silicon-vacancy  center  in  diamond.This  thesis  does  not  claim  to  solve  charge  and  optical  frequency  instabilities  which  remains  a  long-standing  and  challenging  goal  within  the  field.  However  the  tools  and  techniques  we  develop  are  significant  advancements  in  our  capabilities  to  stabilize  novel  color  centers,  understand  their  underlying  dynamics,  and  characterize  their  performance.  We  also  provide  insights  into  the  behavior  of  color  centers  in  wide-bandgap  semiconductors  where  deviations  from  thermal  equilibrium  can  be  exceptionally  long-lived.  The  exotic  charge  dynamics  in  realistic  crystal  environments  complicate  even  basic  observations,  but  future  mastery  over  these  exotic  effects  may  one  day  lead  to  brand-new  technologies  based  on  color  centers  in  wide-bandgap  semiconductors  like  diamond.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0250.
■650  4▼aPhysics
■650  4▼aQuantum  physics
■650  4▼aMaterials  science
■650  4▼aCondensed  matter  physics
■650  4▼aOptics
■653    ▼aColor  centers
■653    ▼aDiamond
■653    ▼aIntegrated  photonics
■653    ▼aOptical  spectroscopy
■653    ▼aSurface  functionalization
■690    ▼a0605
■690    ▼a0599
■690    ▼a0794
■690    ▼a0752
■690    ▼a0611
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Washington▼bPhysics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-01B.
■790    ▼a0250
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160483▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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