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Essays on Computational Technologies in International Relations
Essays on Computational Technologies in International Relations
Essays on Computational Technologies in International Relations

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151121
ISBN  
9798382782058
DDC  
320
저자명  
Cuppernull, Peter Brennan.
서명/저자  
Essays on Computational Technologies in International Relations
발행사항  
[Sl] : The University of Chicago, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
187 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Carson, Austin.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Chicago, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation makes the case that emerging computational technologies-encompassing machine learning tools, the data that powers them in commercial settings, and the consumer services and devices they optimize-hold theoretical and methodological significance for the field of international relations. These technologies enrich our understanding of international politics in two ways. First, computational technologies hold consequences for understanding the contemporary international order, specifically because technology firms use them to shape digital information transmission. Second, scholars can use these same computational technologies to offer novel insights across diverse debates in the field.In the first chapter, I argue that large technology companies are critical actors in international politics due to their ownership of data collection and processing infrastructures. In short, digital trace data-the data generated by interactions with internet-connected devices-and the technologies that collect and process it allow technology firms to set the terms by which an immensely differentiated world is commonly understood. I draw on Susan Strange's work on structural power to argue that technology firms shape the choice sets of other actors by mediating information environments. This permits these firms to acquire structural power, which they exercise in at least three ways. First, firms mediate the distribution of legibility derived from digital trace data, whereby they decide the terms under which information is distributed. Second, firms seek to maximize their profit by shaping individual interests, often affecting political outcomes. Finally, firms use structural power to perform state-like functions both domestically and internationally.The second chapter discusses the role of internet search engines in shaping digital information flows, a subject surprisingly neglected in international relations literature. Co-authored with Dr. Rochelle Terman, this chapter presents an audit of Google search engine result pages across international affairs topics, revealing three primary findings. First, we find substantial variation in the reach of ideological content, including state propaganda and material from transnational advocacy organizations. Second, search results strongly correlate with search language, suggesting that language is a primary factor mediating exposure to political information. Finally, we analyze search results related to the war in Ukraine generated both before and after the 2022 Russian invasion and find more pronounced geographic clustering in post-invasion results, especially among states in less common language groups.In the final chapter, I demonstrate the utility of computational technologies in providing novel insights into other debates in the field. I develop a word embedding methodology to quantify friendship and collective identity between states. By applying this methodology to a corpus of all speeches in the United States Congress from 1899-2017, I create biennial friendship and collective identity measures between the United States and 192 countries. I find that perceptions of friendship between the United States and other countries grew dramatically following World War II, while perceptions of collective identity have slowly grown over the past eight decades. Moreover, the correlates of collective identity evolved over the 20th century to match those that predict enmity, suggesting the existence of a shared identity among enemies in international politics.
일반주제명  
Political science
일반주제명  
Information technology
키워드  
Computational technologies
키워드  
Machine learning
키워드  
Structural power
키워드  
Digital trace data
키워드  
International politics
기타저자  
The University of Chicago Political Science
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aCuppernull,  Peter  Brennan.▼0(orcid)0000-0003-2474-172X
■24510▼aEssays  on  Computational  Technologies  in  International  Relations
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  University  of  Chicago▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a187  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Carson,  Austin.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  Chicago,  2024.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  makes  the  case  that  emerging  computational  technologies-encompassing  machine  learning  tools,  the  data  that  powers  them  in  commercial  settings,  and  the  consumer  services  and  devices  they  optimize-hold  theoretical  and  methodological  significance  for  the  field  of  international  relations.  These  technologies  enrich  our  understanding  of  international  politics  in  two  ways.  First,  computational  technologies  hold  consequences  for  understanding  the  contemporary  international  order,  specifically  because  technology  firms  use  them  to  shape  digital  information  transmission.  Second,  scholars  can  use  these  same  computational  technologies  to  offer  novel  insights  across  diverse  debates  in  the  field.In  the  first  chapter,  I  argue  that  large  technology  companies  are  critical  actors  in  international  politics  due  to  their  ownership  of  data  collection  and  processing  infrastructures.  In  short,  digital  trace  data-the  data  generated  by  interactions  with  internet-connected  devices-and  the  technologies  that  collect  and  process  it  allow  technology  firms  to  set  the  terms  by  which  an  immensely  differentiated  world  is  commonly  understood.  I  draw  on  Susan  Strange's  work  on  structural  power  to  argue  that  technology  firms  shape  the  choice  sets  of  other  actors  by  mediating  information  environments.  This  permits  these  firms  to  acquire  structural  power,  which  they  exercise  in  at  least  three  ways.  First,  firms  mediate  the  distribution  of  legibility  derived  from  digital  trace  data,  whereby  they  decide  the  terms  under  which  information  is  distributed.  Second,  firms  seek  to  maximize  their  profit  by  shaping  individual  interests,  often  affecting  political  outcomes.  Finally,  firms  use  structural  power  to  perform  state-like  functions  both  domestically  and  internationally.The  second  chapter  discusses  the  role  of  internet  search  engines  in  shaping  digital  information  flows,  a  subject  surprisingly  neglected  in  international  relations  literature.  Co-authored  with  Dr.  Rochelle  Terman,  this  chapter  presents  an  audit  of  Google  search  engine  result  pages  across  international  affairs  topics,  revealing  three  primary  findings.  First,  we  find  substantial  variation  in  the  reach  of  ideological  content,  including  state  propaganda  and  material  from  transnational  advocacy  organizations.  Second,  search  results  strongly  correlate  with  search  language,  suggesting  that  language  is  a  primary  factor  mediating  exposure  to  political  information.  Finally,  we  analyze  search  results  related  to  the  war  in  Ukraine  generated  both  before  and  after  the  2022  Russian  invasion  and  find  more  pronounced  geographic  clustering  in  post-invasion  results,  especially  among  states  in  less  common  language  groups.In  the  final  chapter,  I  demonstrate  the  utility  of  computational  technologies  in  providing  novel  insights  into  other  debates  in  the  field.  I  develop  a  word  embedding  methodology  to  quantify  friendship  and  collective  identity  between  states.  By  applying  this  methodology  to  a  corpus  of  all  speeches  in  the  United  States  Congress  from  1899-2017,  I  create  biennial  friendship  and  collective  identity  measures  between  the  United  States  and  192  countries.  I  find  that  perceptions  of  friendship  between  the  United  States  and  other  countries  grew  dramatically  following  World  War  II,  while  perceptions  of  collective  identity  have  slowly  grown  over  the  past  eight  decades.  Moreover,  the  correlates  of  collective  identity  evolved  over  the  20th  century  to  match  those  that  predict  enmity,  suggesting  the  existence  of  a  shared  identity  among  enemies  in  international  politics.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0330.
■650  4▼aPolitical  science
■650  4▼aInformation  technology
■653    ▼aComputational  technologies
■653    ▼aMachine  learning
■653    ▼aStructural  power
■653    ▼aDigital  trace  data
■653    ▼aInternational  politics
■690    ▼a0601
■690    ▼a0489
■690    ▼a0800
■690    ▼a0615
■71020▼aThe  University  of  Chicago▼bPolitical  Science.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12B.
■790    ▼a0330
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160819▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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