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Essays in Urban and Labor Economics
Essays in Urban and Labor Economics
Essays in Urban and Labor Economics

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151123
ISBN  
9798382835051
DDC  
658
저자명  
Kenney, Jeanna.
서명/저자  
Essays in Urban and Labor Economics
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Pennsylvania, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
187 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Ferreira, Fernando.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약In the first chapter of this dissertation, I estimate the trade-off between quality and concentration due to occupational licensing and the resulting consequences for market efficiency in the real estate industry. I exploit a policy reform in Texas in 2012 which provides quasi-exogenous variation in the entry cost that real estate salespeople face in order to become brokers. Using a novel dataset of the universe of licensees in a number of states matched with property listing data, I compare counties in Texas with counties in other states in a synthetic difference-in-difference estimation. The reform generates an unintended short-term increase in entry, leading to a 12% increase in the stock of brokers in the average county, before broker supply is restricted in the long term. The increased barrier does not increase broker quality, while market concentration persistently decreases due to the unintended entry effect, suggesting minimal benefits to consumers of restricting entry. However, efficiency, i.e., average broker listing volume, decreases due to entry. I additionally find that costlier licensing leads to a smaller share of entering female and Hispanic brokers. The second chapter studies the impact of agents (e.g., real estate agents, lawyers, etc.) on the propensity of men versus women to utilize aggressive strategies in negotiation. Using a bargaining game, we find that, absent agents, men make more aggressive demands than women. Introducing agents who negotiate on behalf of their clients entirely closes this gender gap. Belief elicitations suggest that agents do not anticipate that men will reward agents for adopting more aggressive negotiation strategies. Finally, the third chapter investigates the role of labor union bargaining power as a determinant of public pension financing. Using a newly updated database of state-level collective bargaining laws, I exploit variation by state, time, and union occupation to test whether legalizing collective bargaining affects the components of pension revenues and expenditures. Evidence from a triple difference design, finds that collective bargaining laws fail to have a significant impact on plan financing components. Event study evidence also shows that pension financing progresses similarly for employees who eventually get collective bargaining and those who do not.
일반주제명  
Finance
일반주제명  
Public policy
키워드  
Behavioral economics
키워드  
Housing
키워드  
Negotiations
키워드  
Public pensions
키워드  
Real estate
키워드  
Urban economics
기타저자  
University of Pennsylvania Applied Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31146747
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a658
■1001  ▼aKenney,  Jeanna.
■24510▼aEssays  in  Urban  and  Labor  Economics
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a187  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Ferreira,  Fernando.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Pennsylvania,  2024.
■520    ▼aIn  the  first  chapter  of  this  dissertation,  I  estimate  the  trade-off  between  quality  and  concentration  due  to  occupational  licensing  and  the  resulting  consequences  for  market  efficiency  in  the  real  estate  industry.  I  exploit  a  policy  reform  in  Texas  in  2012  which  provides  quasi-exogenous  variation  in  the  entry  cost  that  real  estate  salespeople  face  in  order  to  become  brokers.  Using  a  novel  dataset  of  the  universe  of  licensees  in  a  number  of  states  matched  with  property  listing  data,  I  compare  counties  in  Texas  with  counties  in  other  states  in  a  synthetic  difference-in-difference  estimation.  The  reform  generates  an  unintended  short-term  increase  in  entry,  leading  to  a  12%  increase  in  the  stock  of  brokers  in  the  average  county,  before  broker  supply  is  restricted  in  the  long  term.  The  increased  barrier  does  not  increase  broker  quality,  while  market  concentration  persistently  decreases  due  to  the  unintended  entry  effect,  suggesting  minimal  benefits  to  consumers  of  restricting  entry.  However,  efficiency,  i.e.,  average  broker  listing  volume,  decreases  due  to  entry.  I  additionally  find  that  costlier  licensing  leads  to  a  smaller  share  of  entering  female  and  Hispanic  brokers.  The  second  chapter  studies  the  impact  of  agents  (e.g.,  real  estate  agents,  lawyers,  etc.)  on  the  propensity  of  men  versus  women  to  utilize  aggressive  strategies  in  negotiation.  Using  a  bargaining  game,  we  find  that,  absent  agents,  men  make  more  aggressive  demands  than  women.  Introducing  agents  who  negotiate  on  behalf  of  their  clients  entirely  closes  this  gender  gap.  Belief  elicitations  suggest  that  agents  do  not  anticipate  that  men  will  reward  agents  for  adopting  more  aggressive  negotiation  strategies.  Finally,  the  third  chapter  investigates  the  role  of  labor  union  bargaining  power  as  a  determinant  of  public  pension  financing.  Using  a  newly  updated  database  of  state-level  collective  bargaining  laws,  I  exploit  variation  by  state,  time,  and  union  occupation  to  test  whether  legalizing  collective  bargaining  affects  the  components  of  pension  revenues  and  expenditures.  Evidence  from  a  triple  difference  design,  finds  that  collective  bargaining  laws  fail  to  have  a  significant  impact  on  plan  financing  components.  Event  study  evidence  also  shows  that  pension  financing  progresses  similarly  for  employees  who  eventually  get  collective  bargaining  and  those  who  do  not.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0175.
■650  4▼aFinance
■650  4▼aPublic  policy
■653    ▼aBehavioral  economics
■653    ▼aHousing
■653    ▼aNegotiations
■653    ▼aPublic  pensions
■653    ▼aReal  estate
■653    ▼aUrban  economics
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0510
■690    ▼a0508
■690    ▼a0630
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼bApplied  Economics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12A.
■790    ▼a0175
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160828▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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