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Direct Visualization of Associating Polymer Dynamics
Direct Visualization of Associating Polymer Dynamics
Direct Visualization of Associating Polymer Dynamics

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151948
ISBN  
9798384018872
DDC  
660
저자명  
Landfield, Harrison M.
서명/저자  
Direct Visualization of Associating Polymer Dynamics
발행사항  
[Sl] : Northwestern University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
288 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Wang, Muzhou.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Highly concentrated associating polymer solutions are ubiquitous across biological, synthetic, and industrial systems, yet thus far their dynamics are poorly understood. Our current dynamic predictions for associating polymer systems rely on single chain theories such as the Rouse, Zimm, and reptation models, which are insufficient to capture cooperative motion and interchain attractions. Due to the abundance of these interactions in associating polymer systems and their increased prevalence in concentrated systems, both theoretical prediction and experimental determination of dynamics in associating systems is difficult. Here, we utilize single particle tracking (SPT) to directly measure dynamics in these crowded, association-filled systems and use these observations to inform mechanistic descriptions of the governing phenomena.Our work has shown that SPT is a powerful method to capture polymer self-diffusion in crowded solutions due to its individual chain resolution, viability in solvated systems, and ability to measure displacements over the appropriate length scales. Single chain resolution is vital for determining dynamics in associating systems, where interchain interactions are bountiful and self-assembly is expected. Additionally, because SPT resolves system dynamics using fluorescently tagged emitters, it relies on the density of emitters in solution, not the total polymer concentration. Combined with resolution below the diffraction limit of light, this allows SPT to probe crowded solutions that other techniques cannot decipher. It also provides a non-destructive, non-intrusive way to observe dynamics without altering the system. Overall, the unique attributes of SPT enable us to measure concentrated associating polymer solution dynamics and ultimately gain a deeper understanding of the underlying physics that govern these systems.In our first study, we measured diffusion in concentrated solutions of pPEGMA, a hydrophobically associating polymer. While the ensemble-averaged mean squared displacements (MSDs) follow the expected trends with respect to molecular weight and concentration, unexpected behavior is uncovered in the individual trajectory MSDs. A clear bifurcation is seen in these MSDs, which we assign to independently diffusing populations of unimers and clusters. This is further quantified by analyzing the distributions of the individual trajectory MSDs and the van Hove distributions. We derive equations describing the expected distributions of two populations of varying sizes concurrently undergoing passive Brownian motion which describe the data well and can quantitatively predict future system behavior. This description is further supported by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements in dilute solution which report the spontaneous self-assembly of a population of large aggregates in addition to free diffusing polymer chains. The degree of clustering in these systems can be tuned through changes in the polymer's molecular weight as well as the polarity of the solvent. By combining SPT with DLS and diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) experiments, we report the ensemble-averaged polymer diffusivity over a wide range of concentrations that follow scaling representative of the dilute, semidilute unentangled, and semidilute entangled concentration regimes. Without the superior single chain resolution of SPT, the two-population self-assembly of pPEGMA and its effect on individual chain dynamics would go completely unnoticed.In our next study, we probed the dynamics of concentrated cationic polyelectrolyte systems utilizing polylysine as a model polyelectrolyte. Using a combination of SPT studies with dye-labeled polymers and florescent nanoparticles as the tracers, we observe extreme concentration-based scaling dependencies for both polymer diffusivity and system viscosity in crowded solutions. Diffusivity measurements conducted at various pH and counterion conditions yield similar scaling dependencies and suggest that this behavior is largely environmentally independent. These observations are in stark disagreement with theoretical predictions for both neutral and charged polymers. In fact, a previously unreported, universal trend is uncovered in the departure from traditional Rouse scaling for our salt-free polylysine systems and a variety of concentrated polyelectrolyte studies utilizing both cationic and anionic polymers across different molecular weights. This suggests that a new theoretical framework is needed to describe highly crowded polyelectrolyte systems. We propose that these trends arise from the onset of glassy dynamics driven by limitations in system free volume and the lack of plasticizing water available in concentrated solutions. We illustrate this idea by utilizing the framework of the Vrentas-Duda free volume theory to model concentrated polyelectrolyte diffusion as an activation-volume-limited process. The differences observed in diffusive scaling between neutral and charged polymer solutions can be attributed to the larger excluded volumes of polyelectrolytes from counterion condensation and hydration layer formation. This theory suggests that extreme dynamics trends are driven by the existence, not magnitude, of electrostatic interactions. This is supported by the diffusivities measured from polylysine in all environmental conditions collapsing onto a single trendline when the mass associated with counterions is excluded.We then extended these dynamics studies to solutions containing both cationic polylysine and anionic polyglutamic acid. Concentrated, stoichiometric mixtures of the two polymers show similar diffusive trends as the prior polylysine-only systems. Dynamics in these mixtures appear to be largely independent of the charge ratio between the two polyelectrolytes. Our hypothesis is that these systems have very low dielectric constants and that the majority of interactions are associative regardless of whether they are between like-charged or oppositely-charged chains. We extended these studies into dilute solutions which spontaneously phase-separate into polymer-sparse supernatant and polymer-rich coacervate phases. Diffusivities measured in these coacervate phases combined with the exact polymer concentrations determined using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) show that these extreme diffusive trends persist after phase separation. We hypothesize that the governing phenomena are the same between this study and the previous polylysine-only study and that the existence, not magnitude, of electrostatic interactions is the most important factor. Overall, we observe behavior that is distinctly different from what has been observed in more dilute polyelectrolyte solutions and requires new theoretical insights to accurately describe.
일반주제명  
Chemical engineering
일반주제명  
Plastics
일반주제명  
Polymer chemistry
일반주제명  
Bioengineering
키워드  
Associating polymers
키워드  
Polyelectrolytes
키워드  
Polymer dynamics
키워드  
Polymer physics
키워드  
Single particle tracking
기타저자  
Northwestern University Chemical and Biological Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aLandfield,  Harrison  M.▼0(orcid)0009-0009-1226-6336
■24510▼aDirect  Visualization  of  Associating  Polymer  Dynamics
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNorthwestern  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a288  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Wang,  Muzhou.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Northwestern  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aHighly  concentrated  associating  polymer  solutions  are  ubiquitous  across  biological,  synthetic,  and  industrial  systems,  yet  thus  far  their  dynamics  are  poorly  understood.  Our  current  dynamic  predictions  for  associating  polymer  systems  rely  on  single  chain  theories  such  as  the  Rouse,  Zimm,  and  reptation  models,  which  are  insufficient  to  capture  cooperative  motion  and  interchain  attractions.  Due  to  the  abundance  of  these  interactions  in  associating  polymer  systems  and  their  increased  prevalence  in  concentrated  systems,  both  theoretical  prediction  and  experimental  determination  of  dynamics  in  associating  systems  is  difficult.  Here,  we  utilize  single  particle  tracking  (SPT)  to  directly  measure  dynamics  in  these  crowded,  association-filled  systems  and  use  these  observations  to  inform  mechanistic  descriptions  of  the  governing  phenomena.Our  work  has  shown  that  SPT  is  a  powerful  method  to  capture  polymer  self-diffusion  in  crowded  solutions  due  to  its  individual  chain  resolution,  viability  in  solvated  systems,  and  ability  to  measure  displacements  over  the  appropriate  length  scales.  Single  chain  resolution  is  vital  for  determining  dynamics  in  associating  systems,  where  interchain  interactions  are  bountiful  and  self-assembly  is  expected.  Additionally,  because  SPT  resolves  system  dynamics  using  fluorescently  tagged  emitters,  it  relies  on  the  density  of  emitters  in  solution,  not  the  total  polymer  concentration.  Combined  with  resolution  below  the  diffraction  limit  of  light,  this  allows  SPT  to  probe  crowded  solutions  that  other  techniques  cannot  decipher.  It  also  provides  a  non-destructive,  non-intrusive  way  to  observe  dynamics  without  altering  the  system.  Overall,  the  unique  attributes  of  SPT  enable  us  to  measure  concentrated  associating  polymer  solution  dynamics  and  ultimately  gain  a  deeper  understanding  of  the  underlying  physics  that  govern  these  systems.In  our  first  study,  we  measured  diffusion  in  concentrated  solutions  of  pPEGMA,  a  hydrophobically  associating  polymer.  While  the  ensemble-averaged  mean  squared  displacements  (MSDs)  follow  the  expected  trends  with  respect  to  molecular  weight  and  concentration,  unexpected  behavior  is  uncovered  in  the  individual  trajectory  MSDs.  A  clear  bifurcation  is  seen  in  these  MSDs,  which  we  assign  to  independently  diffusing  populations  of  unimers  and  clusters.  This  is  further  quantified  by  analyzing  the  distributions  of  the  individual  trajectory  MSDs  and  the  van  Hove  distributions.  We  derive  equations  describing  the  expected  distributions  of  two  populations  of  varying  sizes  concurrently  undergoing  passive  Brownian  motion  which  describe  the  data  well  and  can  quantitatively  predict  future  system  behavior.  This  description  is  further  supported  by  dynamic  light  scattering  (DLS)  measurements  in  dilute  solution  which  report  the  spontaneous  self-assembly  of  a  population  of  large  aggregates  in  addition  to  free  diffusing  polymer  chains.  The  degree  of  clustering  in  these  systems  can  be  tuned  through  changes  in  the  polymer's  molecular  weight  as  well  as  the  polarity  of  the  solvent.  By  combining  SPT  with  DLS  and  diffusion  ordered  spectroscopy  (DOSY)  experiments,  we  report  the  ensemble-averaged  polymer  diffusivity  over  a  wide  range  of  concentrations  that  follow  scaling  representative  of  the  dilute,  semidilute  unentangled,  and  semidilute  entangled  concentration  regimes.  Without  the  superior  single  chain  resolution  of  SPT,  the  two-population  self-assembly  of  pPEGMA  and  its  effect  on  individual  chain  dynamics  would  go  completely  unnoticed.In  our  next  study,  we  probed  the  dynamics  of  concentrated  cationic  polyelectrolyte  systems  utilizing  polylysine  as  a  model  polyelectrolyte.  Using  a  combination  of  SPT  studies  with  dye-labeled  polymers  and  florescent  nanoparticles  as  the  tracers,  we  observe  extreme  concentration-based  scaling  dependencies  for  both  polymer  diffusivity  and  system  viscosity  in  crowded  solutions.  Diffusivity  measurements  conducted  at  various  pH  and  counterion  conditions  yield  similar  scaling  dependencies  and  suggest  that  this  behavior  is  largely  environmentally  independent.  These  observations  are  in  stark  disagreement  with  theoretical  predictions  for  both  neutral  and  charged  polymers.  In  fact,  a  previously  unreported,  universal  trend  is  uncovered  in  the  departure  from  traditional  Rouse  scaling  for  our  salt-free  polylysine  systems  and  a  variety  of  concentrated  polyelectrolyte  studies  utilizing  both  cationic  and  anionic  polymers  across  different  molecular  weights.  This  suggests  that  a  new  theoretical  framework  is  needed  to  describe  highly  crowded  polyelectrolyte  systems.  We  propose  that  these  trends  arise  from  the  onset  of  glassy  dynamics  driven  by  limitations  in  system  free  volume  and  the  lack  of  plasticizing  water  available  in  concentrated  solutions.  We  illustrate  this  idea  by  utilizing  the  framework  of  the  Vrentas-Duda  free  volume  theory  to  model  concentrated  polyelectrolyte  diffusion  as  an  activation-volume-limited  process.  The  differences  observed  in  diffusive  scaling  between  neutral  and  charged  polymer  solutions  can  be  attributed  to  the  larger  excluded  volumes  of  polyelectrolytes  from  counterion  condensation  and  hydration  layer  formation.  This  theory  suggests  that  extreme  dynamics  trends  are  driven  by  the  existence,  not  magnitude,  of  electrostatic  interactions.  This  is  supported  by  the  diffusivities  measured  from  polylysine  in  all  environmental  conditions  collapsing  onto  a  single  trendline  when  the  mass  associated  with  counterions  is  excluded.We  then  extended  these  dynamics  studies  to  solutions  containing  both  cationic  polylysine  and  anionic  polyglutamic  acid.  Concentrated,  stoichiometric  mixtures  of  the  two  polymers  show  similar  diffusive  trends  as  the  prior  polylysine-only  systems.  Dynamics  in  these  mixtures  appear  to  be  largely  independent  of  the  charge  ratio  between  the  two  polyelectrolytes.  Our  hypothesis  is  that  these  systems  have  very  low  dielectric  constants  and  that  the  majority  of  interactions  are  associative  regardless  of  whether  they  are  between  like-charged  or  oppositely-charged  chains.  We  extended  these  studies  into  dilute  solutions  which  spontaneously  phase-separate  into  polymer-sparse  supernatant  and  polymer-rich  coacervate  phases.  Diffusivities  measured  in  these  coacervate  phases  combined  with  the  exact  polymer  concentrations  determined  using  thermal  gravimetric  analysis  (TGA)  show  that  these  extreme  diffusive  trends  persist  after  phase  separation.  We  hypothesize  that  the  governing  phenomena  are  the  same  between  this  study  and  the  previous  polylysine-only  study  and  that  the  existence,  not  magnitude,  of  electrostatic  interactions  is  the  most  important  factor.  Overall,  we  observe  behavior  that  is  distinctly  different  from  what  has  been  observed  in  more  dilute  polyelectrolyte  solutions  and  requires  new  theoretical  insights  to  accurately  describe.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0163.
■650  4▼aChemical  engineering
■650  4▼aPlastics
■650  4▼aPolymer  chemistry
■650  4▼aBioengineering
■653    ▼aAssociating  polymers
■653    ▼aPolyelectrolytes
■653    ▼aPolymer  dynamics
■653    ▼aPolymer  physics
■653    ▼aSingle  particle  tracking
■690    ▼a0542
■690    ▼a0795
■690    ▼a0495
■690    ▼a0202
■71020▼aNorthwestern  University▼bChemical  and  Biological  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-02B.
■790    ▼a0163
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162226▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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