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Direct Visualization of Associating Polymer Dynamics
Direct Visualization of Associating Polymer Dynamics
Detailed Information
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20250211151948
- ISBN
- 9798384018872
- DDC
- 660
- 서명/저자
- Direct Visualization of Associating Polymer Dynamics
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : Northwestern University, 2024
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
- 형태사항
- 288 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Wang, Muzhou.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2024.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Highly concentrated associating polymer solutions are ubiquitous across biological, synthetic, and industrial systems, yet thus far their dynamics are poorly understood. Our current dynamic predictions for associating polymer systems rely on single chain theories such as the Rouse, Zimm, and reptation models, which are insufficient to capture cooperative motion and interchain attractions. Due to the abundance of these interactions in associating polymer systems and their increased prevalence in concentrated systems, both theoretical prediction and experimental determination of dynamics in associating systems is difficult. Here, we utilize single particle tracking (SPT) to directly measure dynamics in these crowded, association-filled systems and use these observations to inform mechanistic descriptions of the governing phenomena.Our work has shown that SPT is a powerful method to capture polymer self-diffusion in crowded solutions due to its individual chain resolution, viability in solvated systems, and ability to measure displacements over the appropriate length scales. Single chain resolution is vital for determining dynamics in associating systems, where interchain interactions are bountiful and self-assembly is expected. Additionally, because SPT resolves system dynamics using fluorescently tagged emitters, it relies on the density of emitters in solution, not the total polymer concentration. Combined with resolution below the diffraction limit of light, this allows SPT to probe crowded solutions that other techniques cannot decipher. It also provides a non-destructive, non-intrusive way to observe dynamics without altering the system. Overall, the unique attributes of SPT enable us to measure concentrated associating polymer solution dynamics and ultimately gain a deeper understanding of the underlying physics that govern these systems.In our first study, we measured diffusion in concentrated solutions of pPEGMA, a hydrophobically associating polymer. While the ensemble-averaged mean squared displacements (MSDs) follow the expected trends with respect to molecular weight and concentration, unexpected behavior is uncovered in the individual trajectory MSDs. A clear bifurcation is seen in these MSDs, which we assign to independently diffusing populations of unimers and clusters. This is further quantified by analyzing the distributions of the individual trajectory MSDs and the van Hove distributions. We derive equations describing the expected distributions of two populations of varying sizes concurrently undergoing passive Brownian motion which describe the data well and can quantitatively predict future system behavior. This description is further supported by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements in dilute solution which report the spontaneous self-assembly of a population of large aggregates in addition to free diffusing polymer chains. The degree of clustering in these systems can be tuned through changes in the polymer's molecular weight as well as the polarity of the solvent. By combining SPT with DLS and diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) experiments, we report the ensemble-averaged polymer diffusivity over a wide range of concentrations that follow scaling representative of the dilute, semidilute unentangled, and semidilute entangled concentration regimes. Without the superior single chain resolution of SPT, the two-population self-assembly of pPEGMA and its effect on individual chain dynamics would go completely unnoticed.In our next study, we probed the dynamics of concentrated cationic polyelectrolyte systems utilizing polylysine as a model polyelectrolyte. Using a combination of SPT studies with dye-labeled polymers and florescent nanoparticles as the tracers, we observe extreme concentration-based scaling dependencies for both polymer diffusivity and system viscosity in crowded solutions. Diffusivity measurements conducted at various pH and counterion conditions yield similar scaling dependencies and suggest that this behavior is largely environmentally independent. These observations are in stark disagreement with theoretical predictions for both neutral and charged polymers. In fact, a previously unreported, universal trend is uncovered in the departure from traditional Rouse scaling for our salt-free polylysine systems and a variety of concentrated polyelectrolyte studies utilizing both cationic and anionic polymers across different molecular weights. This suggests that a new theoretical framework is needed to describe highly crowded polyelectrolyte systems. We propose that these trends arise from the onset of glassy dynamics driven by limitations in system free volume and the lack of plasticizing water available in concentrated solutions. We illustrate this idea by utilizing the framework of the Vrentas-Duda free volume theory to model concentrated polyelectrolyte diffusion as an activation-volume-limited process. The differences observed in diffusive scaling between neutral and charged polymer solutions can be attributed to the larger excluded volumes of polyelectrolytes from counterion condensation and hydration layer formation. This theory suggests that extreme dynamics trends are driven by the existence, not magnitude, of electrostatic interactions. This is supported by the diffusivities measured from polylysine in all environmental conditions collapsing onto a single trendline when the mass associated with counterions is excluded.We then extended these dynamics studies to solutions containing both cationic polylysine and anionic polyglutamic acid. Concentrated, stoichiometric mixtures of the two polymers show similar diffusive trends as the prior polylysine-only systems. Dynamics in these mixtures appear to be largely independent of the charge ratio between the two polyelectrolytes. Our hypothesis is that these systems have very low dielectric constants and that the majority of interactions are associative regardless of whether they are between like-charged or oppositely-charged chains. We extended these studies into dilute solutions which spontaneously phase-separate into polymer-sparse supernatant and polymer-rich coacervate phases. Diffusivities measured in these coacervate phases combined with the exact polymer concentrations determined using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) show that these extreme diffusive trends persist after phase separation. We hypothesize that the governing phenomena are the same between this study and the previous polylysine-only study and that the existence, not magnitude, of electrostatic interactions is the most important factor. Overall, we observe behavior that is distinctly different from what has been observed in more dilute polyelectrolyte solutions and requires new theoretical insights to accurately describe.
- 일반주제명
- Chemical engineering
- 일반주제명
- Plastics
- 일반주제명
- Polymer chemistry
- 일반주제명
- Bioengineering
- 키워드
- Polyelectrolytes
- 키워드
- Polymer dynamics
- 키워드
- Polymer physics
- 기타저자
- Northwestern University Chemical and Biological Engineering
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-02B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■020 ▼a9798384018872
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■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a660
■1001 ▼aLandfield, Harrison M.▼0(orcid)0009-0009-1226-6336
■24510▼aDirect Visualization of Associating Polymer Dynamics
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bNorthwestern University▼c2024
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2024
■300 ▼a288 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Wang, Muzhou.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2024.
■520 ▼aHighly concentrated associating polymer solutions are ubiquitous across biological, synthetic, and industrial systems, yet thus far their dynamics are poorly understood. Our current dynamic predictions for associating polymer systems rely on single chain theories such as the Rouse, Zimm, and reptation models, which are insufficient to capture cooperative motion and interchain attractions. Due to the abundance of these interactions in associating polymer systems and their increased prevalence in concentrated systems, both theoretical prediction and experimental determination of dynamics in associating systems is difficult. Here, we utilize single particle tracking (SPT) to directly measure dynamics in these crowded, association-filled systems and use these observations to inform mechanistic descriptions of the governing phenomena.Our work has shown that SPT is a powerful method to capture polymer self-diffusion in crowded solutions due to its individual chain resolution, viability in solvated systems, and ability to measure displacements over the appropriate length scales. Single chain resolution is vital for determining dynamics in associating systems, where interchain interactions are bountiful and self-assembly is expected. Additionally, because SPT resolves system dynamics using fluorescently tagged emitters, it relies on the density of emitters in solution, not the total polymer concentration. Combined with resolution below the diffraction limit of light, this allows SPT to probe crowded solutions that other techniques cannot decipher. It also provides a non-destructive, non-intrusive way to observe dynamics without altering the system. Overall, the unique attributes of SPT enable us to measure concentrated associating polymer solution dynamics and ultimately gain a deeper understanding of the underlying physics that govern these systems.In our first study, we measured diffusion in concentrated solutions of pPEGMA, a hydrophobically associating polymer. While the ensemble-averaged mean squared displacements (MSDs) follow the expected trends with respect to molecular weight and concentration, unexpected behavior is uncovered in the individual trajectory MSDs. A clear bifurcation is seen in these MSDs, which we assign to independently diffusing populations of unimers and clusters. This is further quantified by analyzing the distributions of the individual trajectory MSDs and the van Hove distributions. We derive equations describing the expected distributions of two populations of varying sizes concurrently undergoing passive Brownian motion which describe the data well and can quantitatively predict future system behavior. This description is further supported by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements in dilute solution which report the spontaneous self-assembly of a population of large aggregates in addition to free diffusing polymer chains. The degree of clustering in these systems can be tuned through changes in the polymer's molecular weight as well as the polarity of the solvent. By combining SPT with DLS and diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) experiments, we report the ensemble-averaged polymer diffusivity over a wide range of concentrations that follow scaling representative of the dilute, semidilute unentangled, and semidilute entangled concentration regimes. Without the superior single chain resolution of SPT, the two-population self-assembly of pPEGMA and its effect on individual chain dynamics would go completely unnoticed.In our next study, we probed the dynamics of concentrated cationic polyelectrolyte systems utilizing polylysine as a model polyelectrolyte. Using a combination of SPT studies with dye-labeled polymers and florescent nanoparticles as the tracers, we observe extreme concentration-based scaling dependencies for both polymer diffusivity and system viscosity in crowded solutions. Diffusivity measurements conducted at various pH and counterion conditions yield similar scaling dependencies and suggest that this behavior is largely environmentally independent. These observations are in stark disagreement with theoretical predictions for both neutral and charged polymers. In fact, a previously unreported, universal trend is uncovered in the departure from traditional Rouse scaling for our salt-free polylysine systems and a variety of concentrated polyelectrolyte studies utilizing both cationic and anionic polymers across different molecular weights. This suggests that a new theoretical framework is needed to describe highly crowded polyelectrolyte systems. We propose that these trends arise from the onset of glassy dynamics driven by limitations in system free volume and the lack of plasticizing water available in concentrated solutions. We illustrate this idea by utilizing the framework of the Vrentas-Duda free volume theory to model concentrated polyelectrolyte diffusion as an activation-volume-limited process. The differences observed in diffusive scaling between neutral and charged polymer solutions can be attributed to the larger excluded volumes of polyelectrolytes from counterion condensation and hydration layer formation. This theory suggests that extreme dynamics trends are driven by the existence, not magnitude, of electrostatic interactions. This is supported by the diffusivities measured from polylysine in all environmental conditions collapsing onto a single trendline when the mass associated with counterions is excluded.We then extended these dynamics studies to solutions containing both cationic polylysine and anionic polyglutamic acid. Concentrated, stoichiometric mixtures of the two polymers show similar diffusive trends as the prior polylysine-only systems. Dynamics in these mixtures appear to be largely independent of the charge ratio between the two polyelectrolytes. Our hypothesis is that these systems have very low dielectric constants and that the majority of interactions are associative regardless of whether they are between like-charged or oppositely-charged chains. We extended these studies into dilute solutions which spontaneously phase-separate into polymer-sparse supernatant and polymer-rich coacervate phases. Diffusivities measured in these coacervate phases combined with the exact polymer concentrations determined using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) show that these extreme diffusive trends persist after phase separation. We hypothesize that the governing phenomena are the same between this study and the previous polylysine-only study and that the existence, not magnitude, of electrostatic interactions is the most important factor. Overall, we observe behavior that is distinctly different from what has been observed in more dilute polyelectrolyte solutions and requires new theoretical insights to accurately describe.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0163.
■650 4▼aChemical engineering
■650 4▼aPlastics
■650 4▼aPolymer chemistry
■650 4▼aBioengineering
■653 ▼aAssociating polymers
■653 ▼aPolyelectrolytes
■653 ▼aPolymer dynamics
■653 ▼aPolymer physics
■653 ▼aSingle particle tracking
■690 ▼a0542
■690 ▼a0795
■690 ▼a0495
■690 ▼a0202
■71020▼aNorthwestern University▼bChemical and Biological Engineering.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g86-02B.
■790 ▼a0163
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2024
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162226▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
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