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Right Ventricular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Right Ventricular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Right Ventricular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152135
ISBN  
9798384475026
DDC  
610
저자명  
Kwan, Ethan Dillon.
서명/저자  
Right Ventricular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, San Diego, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
226 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Valdez-Jasso, Daniela.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension is a severe disease defined by sustained elevated pulmonary arterial pressures. This progressive vasculopathy is characterized by structural and mechanical remodeling of the pulmonary arteries that chronically impose a pressure overload on the right ventricle, stimulating myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling of the RV chamber. Although PAH is confirmed in the pulmonary arteries, the health and function of the right ventricle is the most important clinical predictor of patient outcomes. The RV progressively adapts to pressure overload and can transiently maintain its output, but PAH commonly leads to RV dysfunction and premature death. Why and how the RV transitions from adaptive to maladaptive function remains unknown. This knowledge gap helps to explain why, despite its significant role in determining morbidity and mortality, no current therapies specifically target the RV.Importantly, clinical management of PAH is confounded by the estrogen paradox, whereby PAH primarily and disproportionally affects women, but with women also exhibiting improved RV function and outcomes in the face of PAH compared to men. Clinical studies have highlighted the association between sex and RV hemodynamic function, with previous research indicating correlations between improved RV function and both endogenous and exogenous estrogens. However, most animal studies have focused on males, resulting in limited sex-specific RV data. Consequently, the role of sex and ovarian hormones in PAH remains unclear.In this dissertation, we explore the pathological remodeling of the right ventricle in pulmonary arterial hypertension and the evolution of hemodynamic, structural, and mechanical properties of the RV during the progression of PAH. By leveraging experimental measurements of cardiac hemodynamics, morphology, and myocardial mechanics, and by analyzing computational biomechanics models, we investigate organ, tissue, and cell changes to enhance our understanding of right ventricular remodeling in the context of PAH.We characterized the longitudinal evolution of RV hemodynamics during the progression of PAH using an established animal model. Implementing a computational model of RV biomechanics, we decoupled the relative contributions of geometric and material remodeling of the RV myocardium to changes in RV function. We identified distinct stages of RV adaptation whereby myocardial hypertrophy initially stabilized systolic function after which substantial diastolic myocardial stiffening occurred and prevented RV dilation. We then investigated the effects of sex- and ovarian-hormone presence on systolic and diastolic function. We identified distinct phenotypes of RV adaptation that were sex- and ovarian hormone dependent. We found that male rats responded to PAH with the most severe diastolic stiffening of any group. Female rats that were ovariectomized demonstrated increases in systolic elastance that were explained by myocyte contractility upregulation via calcium transient enhancement. By contrast, ovary-intact female rats adapted to PAH with the fewest changes to RV mechanical properties compared to the other groups. These results provide evidence of sex-dependent changes that could be specifically targeted for therapies. By combining in-vivo measurements with our computational modeling, we reached important conclusions about the decoupled effects of myocardial changes to RV function at varying stages of disease. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying stages of adaptation to PAH.
일반주제명  
Bioengineering
일반주제명  
Biomechanics
일반주제명  
Medicine
일반주제명  
Evolution & development
일반주제명  
Bioinformatics
키워드  
Cardiac biomechanics
키워드  
Computational mechanics
키워드  
Computational modeling
키워드  
Data analysis
키워드  
Pulmonary hypertension
키워드  
Right ventricular remodeling
기타저자  
University of California, San Diego Bioengineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aKwan,  Ethan  Dillon.
■24510▼aRight  Ventricular  Remodeling  in  Pulmonary  Arterial  Hypertension
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  San  Diego▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a226  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Valdez-Jasso,  Daniela.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  San  Diego,  2024.
■520    ▼aPulmonary  Arterial  Hypertension  is  a  severe  disease  defined  by  sustained  elevated  pulmonary  arterial  pressures.  This  progressive  vasculopathy  is  characterized  by  structural  and  mechanical  remodeling  of  the  pulmonary  arteries  that  chronically  impose  a  pressure  overload  on  the  right  ventricle,  stimulating  myocardial  hypertrophy  and  remodeling  of  the  RV  chamber.  Although  PAH  is  confirmed  in  the  pulmonary  arteries,  the  health  and  function  of  the  right ventricle  is  the  most  important  clinical  predictor  of  patient  outcomes.  The  RV  progressively  adapts  to  pressure  overload  and  can  transiently  maintain  its  output,  but  PAH  commonly  leads  to  RV  dysfunction  and  premature  death.  Why  and  how  the  RV  transitions  from  adaptive  to  maladaptive  function  remains  unknown.  This  knowledge  gap  helps  to  explain  why,  despite  its  significant  role  in  determining  morbidity  and  mortality,  no  current  therapies  specifically  target  the  RV.Importantly,  clinical  management  of  PAH  is  confounded  by  the  estrogen  paradox,  whereby  PAH  primarily  and  disproportionally  affects  women,  but  with  women  also  exhibiting  improved  RV  function  and  outcomes  in  the  face  of  PAH  compared  to  men.  Clinical  studies  have  highlighted  the  association  between  sex  and  RV  hemodynamic  function,  with  previous  research  indicating  correlations  between  improved  RV  function  and  both  endogenous  and  exogenous  estrogens.  However,  most  animal  studies  have  focused  on  males,  resulting  in  limited  sex-specific  RV  data.  Consequently,  the  role  of  sex  and  ovarian  hormones  in  PAH  remains  unclear.In  this  dissertation,  we  explore  the  pathological  remodeling  of  the  right  ventricle  in  pulmonary  arterial  hypertension  and  the  evolution  of  hemodynamic,  structural,  and  mechanical  properties  of  the  RV  during  the  progression  of  PAH.  By  leveraging  experimental  measurements  of  cardiac  hemodynamics,  morphology,  and  myocardial  mechanics,  and  by  analyzing  computational  biomechanics  models,  we  investigate  organ,  tissue,  and  cell  changes  to  enhance  our  understanding  of  right  ventricular  remodeling  in  the  context  of  PAH.We  characterized  the  longitudinal  evolution  of  RV  hemodynamics  during  the  progression  of  PAH  using  an  established  animal  model.  Implementing  a  computational  model  of  RV  biomechanics,  we  decoupled  the  relative  contributions  of  geometric  and  material  remodeling  of  the  RV  myocardium  to  changes  in  RV  function.  We  identified  distinct  stages  of  RV  adaptation  whereby  myocardial  hypertrophy  initially  stabilized  systolic  function  after  which  substantial  diastolic  myocardial  stiffening  occurred  and  prevented  RV  dilation.  We  then  investigated  the  effects  of  sex-  and  ovarian-hormone  presence  on  systolic  and  diastolic  function.  We  identified  distinct  phenotypes  of  RV  adaptation  that  were  sex-  and  ovarian  hormone  dependent.  We  found  that  male  rats  responded  to  PAH  with  the  most  severe  diastolic  stiffening  of  any  group.  Female  rats  that  were  ovariectomized  demonstrated  increases  in  systolic  elastance  that  were  explained  by  myocyte  contractility  upregulation  via  calcium  transient  enhancement.  By  contrast,  ovary-intact  female  rats  adapted  to  PAH  with  the  fewest  changes  to  RV  mechanical  properties  compared  to  the  other  groups.  These  results  provide  evidence  of  sex-dependent  changes  that  could  be  specifically  targeted  for  therapies.  By  combining  in-vivo  measurements  with  our  computational  modeling,  we  reached  important  conclusions  about  the  decoupled  effects  of  myocardial  changes  to  RV  function  at  varying  stages  of  disease.  These  findings  provide  new  insights  into  the  mechanisms  underlying  stages  of  adaptation  to  PAH.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0033.
■650  4▼aBioengineering
■650  4▼aBiomechanics
■650  4▼aMedicine
■650  4▼aEvolution  &  development
■650  4▼aBioinformatics
■653    ▼aCardiac  biomechanics
■653    ▼aComputational  mechanics
■653    ▼aComputational  modeling
■653    ▼aData  analysis
■653    ▼aPulmonary  hypertension
■653    ▼aRight  ventricular  remodeling
■690    ▼a0202
■690    ▼a0648
■690    ▼a0564
■690    ▼a0412
■690    ▼a0715
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  San  Diego▼bBioengineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-04B.
■790    ▼a0033
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163106▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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