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The Interplay Between Genomic Form and Function: Determining Features that Influence Transcription
The Interplay Between Genomic Form and Function: Determining Features that Influence Transcription
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20250211153015
- ISBN
- 9798384045793
- DDC
- 574
- 서명/저자
- The Interplay Between Genomic Form and Function: Determining Features that Influence Transcription
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of Michigan, 2024
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
- 형태사항
- 259 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Ljungman, Mats.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2024.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Eukaryotic transcription is regulated by diverse mechanisms to ensure proper cellular function and integrity. In addition to the precise mechanisms that control transcription at a gene body, the synthesis of RNA can be modulated upstream by the conformation and accessibility of DNA. The genome is hierarchically organized within the nucleus, and each structure can influence, or be influenced by, transcriptional activity. From the positioning of regulatory elements in three-dimensional (3D) space, to the modification and opening of chromatin, genome topology is known to be critical for proper protein-coding gene expression. However, the intricate relationship between chromatin organization and transcriptional regulation has not yet been fully elucidated. The phases of protein-coding gene transcription are highly regulated, however, the development of nascent RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques revealed pervasive transcription of short-lived long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that arise through less clear mechanisms of extragenic transcription. Interestingly, some lncRNAs are produced during the process of canonical transcription, both from the promoter regions of genes and enhancers, promoter upstream transcripts (PROMPTs) and enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), respectively, as well as from readthrough that proceeds downstream of genes (RT transcripts). While some view these transcription-associated lncRNAs as byproducts, these transcripts, or the act of their transcription, may be important for the expression of proximal genes both under homeostatic conditions and in response to exogenous stimuli. It remains unclear what the purpose of these RNAs are in the cell, thus further study of their regulation and functions could advance our understanding of transcription-associated RNAs and the process of transcription overall. In this thesis, I explored transcription throughout the genome and assessed the role of chromatin topology in its regulation. Using nascent RNA-seq data generated for the ENCODE project, the pervasive transcription of PROMPTs, eRNAs, and RT transcripts were documented genome-wide under homeostatic conditions, and the distinct patterns of their expression were described relative to their associated genes. Patterns of chromatin modifications, 3D genome architecture, and DNA sequence motifs correlating with their transcription were identified, however, these features only partly explained the identified variability in lncRNA expression. To better understand the dynamic relationship between transcription and genome organization, I exposed cells to exogenous stress conditions after disrupting the chromatin architecture and assessed the expression of both genes and transcription-associated lncRNAs. Using nascent RNA-seq, the transcriptional responses to TNF treatment, heat shock, and DNA damage by ionizing radiation were measured after degrading RAD21, a core component of the cohesin complex that organizes the genome into 3D chromatin loop domains. Little evidence was found to suggest that the disruption of chromatin loops negatively impacted the ability of the cell to respond to stress, with genome-wide transcription of protein-coding genes, eRNAs, and RT transcripts being similar with or without RAD21. These results support the current body of research establishing cohesin as an integral regulator of genome structure, but not of transcription. Altogether, this work enhanced our understanding of the functional landscape of the genome. In addition to generating broadly useful datasets for the study of both homeostatic and stress-induced transcription, I explored how various chromatin features can influence the expression of both coding and non-coding RNAs. This work highlights the complexities underlying transcriptional regulation and genome organization and informs potential avenues for future studies into the relationship between genomic form and function.
- 일반주제명
- Bioinformatics
- 일반주제명
- Molecular biology
- 일반주제명
- Genetics
- 키워드
- Nascent RNA-seq
- 키워드
- Non-coding RNA
- 키워드
- Transcription
- 키워드
- Cellular stress
- 기타저자
- University of Michigan Cellular & Molecular Biology
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■00520250211153015
■006m o d
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■020 ▼a9798384045793
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31631518
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)umichrackham005751
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a574
■1001 ▼aMcShane, Ariel Briana.
■24510▼aThe Interplay Between Genomic Form and Function: Determining Features that Influence Transcription
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of Michigan▼c2024
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2024
■300 ▼a259 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Ljungman, Mats.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2024.
■520 ▼aEukaryotic transcription is regulated by diverse mechanisms to ensure proper cellular function and integrity. In addition to the precise mechanisms that control transcription at a gene body, the synthesis of RNA can be modulated upstream by the conformation and accessibility of DNA. The genome is hierarchically organized within the nucleus, and each structure can influence, or be influenced by, transcriptional activity. From the positioning of regulatory elements in three-dimensional (3D) space, to the modification and opening of chromatin, genome topology is known to be critical for proper protein-coding gene expression. However, the intricate relationship between chromatin organization and transcriptional regulation has not yet been fully elucidated. The phases of protein-coding gene transcription are highly regulated, however, the development of nascent RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques revealed pervasive transcription of short-lived long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that arise through less clear mechanisms of extragenic transcription. Interestingly, some lncRNAs are produced during the process of canonical transcription, both from the promoter regions of genes and enhancers, promoter upstream transcripts (PROMPTs) and enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), respectively, as well as from readthrough that proceeds downstream of genes (RT transcripts). While some view these transcription-associated lncRNAs as byproducts, these transcripts, or the act of their transcription, may be important for the expression of proximal genes both under homeostatic conditions and in response to exogenous stimuli. It remains unclear what the purpose of these RNAs are in the cell, thus further study of their regulation and functions could advance our understanding of transcription-associated RNAs and the process of transcription overall. In this thesis, I explored transcription throughout the genome and assessed the role of chromatin topology in its regulation. Using nascent RNA-seq data generated for the ENCODE project, the pervasive transcription of PROMPTs, eRNAs, and RT transcripts were documented genome-wide under homeostatic conditions, and the distinct patterns of their expression were described relative to their associated genes. Patterns of chromatin modifications, 3D genome architecture, and DNA sequence motifs correlating with their transcription were identified, however, these features only partly explained the identified variability in lncRNA expression. To better understand the dynamic relationship between transcription and genome organization, I exposed cells to exogenous stress conditions after disrupting the chromatin architecture and assessed the expression of both genes and transcription-associated lncRNAs. Using nascent RNA-seq, the transcriptional responses to TNF treatment, heat shock, and DNA damage by ionizing radiation were measured after degrading RAD21, a core component of the cohesin complex that organizes the genome into 3D chromatin loop domains. Little evidence was found to suggest that the disruption of chromatin loops negatively impacted the ability of the cell to respond to stress, with genome-wide transcription of protein-coding genes, eRNAs, and RT transcripts being similar with or without RAD21. These results support the current body of research establishing cohesin as an integral regulator of genome structure, but not of transcription. Altogether, this work enhanced our understanding of the functional landscape of the genome. In addition to generating broadly useful datasets for the study of both homeostatic and stress-induced transcription, I explored how various chromatin features can influence the expression of both coding and non-coding RNAs. This work highlights the complexities underlying transcriptional regulation and genome organization and informs potential avenues for future studies into the relationship between genomic form and function.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0127.
■650 4▼aBioinformatics
■650 4▼aMolecular biology
■650 4▼aGenetics
■653 ▼aNascent RNA-seq
■653 ▼aFunctional genomics
■653 ▼aNon-coding RNA
■653 ▼aGenome organization
■653 ▼aTranscription
■653 ▼aCellular stress
■690 ▼a0307
■690 ▼a0715
■690 ▼a0369
■71020▼aUniversity of Michigan▼bCellular & Molecular Biology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g86-03B.
■790 ▼a0127
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2024
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164549▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


