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The Interplay Between Genomic Form and Function: Determining Features that Influence Transcription
The Interplay Between Genomic Form and Function: Determining Features that Influence Trans...
The Interplay Between Genomic Form and Function: Determining Features that Influence Transcription

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211153015
ISBN  
9798384045793
DDC  
574
저자명  
McShane, Ariel Briana.
서명/저자  
The Interplay Between Genomic Form and Function: Determining Features that Influence Transcription
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
259 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Ljungman, Mats.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Eukaryotic transcription is regulated by diverse mechanisms to ensure proper cellular function and integrity. In addition to the precise mechanisms that control transcription at a gene body, the synthesis of RNA can be modulated upstream by the conformation and accessibility of DNA. The genome is hierarchically organized within the nucleus, and each structure can influence, or be influenced by, transcriptional activity. From the positioning of regulatory elements in three-dimensional (3D) space, to the modification and opening of chromatin, genome topology is known to be critical for proper protein-coding gene expression. However, the intricate relationship between chromatin organization and transcriptional regulation has not yet been fully elucidated. The phases of protein-coding gene transcription are highly regulated, however, the development of nascent RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques revealed pervasive transcription of short-lived long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that arise through less clear mechanisms of extragenic transcription. Interestingly, some lncRNAs are produced during the process of canonical transcription, both from the promoter regions of genes and enhancers, promoter upstream transcripts (PROMPTs) and enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), respectively, as well as from readthrough that proceeds downstream of genes (RT transcripts). While some view these transcription-associated lncRNAs as byproducts, these transcripts, or the act of their transcription, may be important for the expression of proximal genes both under homeostatic conditions and in response to exogenous stimuli. It remains unclear what the purpose of these RNAs are in the cell, thus further study of their regulation and functions could advance our understanding of transcription-associated RNAs and the process of transcription overall. In this thesis, I explored transcription throughout the genome and assessed the role of chromatin topology in its regulation. Using nascent RNA-seq data generated for the ENCODE project, the pervasive transcription of PROMPTs, eRNAs, and RT transcripts were documented genome-wide under homeostatic conditions, and the distinct patterns of their expression were described relative to their associated genes. Patterns of chromatin modifications, 3D genome architecture, and DNA sequence motifs correlating with their transcription were identified, however, these features only partly explained the identified variability in lncRNA expression. To better understand the dynamic relationship between transcription and genome organization, I exposed cells to exogenous stress conditions after disrupting the chromatin architecture and assessed the expression of both genes and transcription-associated lncRNAs. Using nascent RNA-seq, the transcriptional responses to TNF treatment, heat shock, and DNA damage by ionizing radiation were measured after degrading RAD21, a core component of the cohesin complex that organizes the genome into 3D chromatin loop domains. Little evidence was found to suggest that the disruption of chromatin loops negatively impacted the ability of the cell to respond to stress, with genome-wide transcription of protein-coding genes, eRNAs, and RT transcripts being similar with or without RAD21. These results support the current body of research establishing cohesin as an integral regulator of genome structure, but not of transcription. Altogether, this work enhanced our understanding of the functional landscape of the genome. In addition to generating broadly useful datasets for the study of both homeostatic and stress-induced transcription, I explored how various chromatin features can influence the expression of both coding and non-coding RNAs. This work highlights the complexities underlying transcriptional regulation and genome organization and informs potential avenues for future studies into the relationship between genomic form and function.
일반주제명  
Bioinformatics
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Genetics
키워드  
Nascent RNA-seq
키워드  
Functional genomics
키워드  
Non-coding RNA
키워드  
Genome organization
키워드  
Transcription
키워드  
Cellular stress
기타저자  
University of Michigan Cellular & Molecular Biology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■24510▼aThe  Interplay  Between  Genomic  Form  and  Function:  Determining  Features  that  Influence  Transcription
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a259  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
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■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2024.
■520    ▼aEukaryotic  transcription  is  regulated  by  diverse  mechanisms  to  ensure  proper  cellular  function  and  integrity.  In  addition  to  the  precise  mechanisms  that  control  transcription  at  a  gene  body,  the  synthesis  of  RNA  can  be  modulated  upstream  by  the  conformation  and  accessibility  of  DNA.  The  genome  is  hierarchically  organized  within  the  nucleus,  and  each  structure  can  influence,  or  be  influenced  by,  transcriptional  activity.  From  the  positioning  of  regulatory  elements  in  three-dimensional  (3D)  space,  to  the  modification  and  opening  of  chromatin,  genome  topology  is  known  to  be  critical  for  proper  protein-coding  gene  expression.  However,  the  intricate  relationship  between  chromatin  organization  and  transcriptional  regulation  has  not  yet  been  fully  elucidated.  The  phases  of  protein-coding  gene  transcription  are  highly  regulated,  however,  the  development  of  nascent  RNA  sequencing  (RNA-seq)  techniques  revealed  pervasive  transcription  of  short-lived  long  non-coding  RNAs  (lncRNAs)  that  arise  through  less  clear  mechanisms  of  extragenic  transcription.  Interestingly,  some  lncRNAs  are  produced  during  the  process  of  canonical  transcription,  both  from  the  promoter  regions  of  genes  and  enhancers,  promoter  upstream  transcripts  (PROMPTs)  and  enhancer  RNAs  (eRNAs),  respectively,  as  well  as  from  readthrough  that  proceeds  downstream  of  genes  (RT  transcripts).  While  some  view  these  transcription-associated  lncRNAs  as  byproducts,  these  transcripts,  or  the  act  of  their  transcription,  may  be  important  for  the  expression  of  proximal  genes  both  under  homeostatic  conditions  and  in  response  to  exogenous  stimuli.  It  remains  unclear  what  the  purpose  of  these  RNAs  are  in  the  cell,  thus  further  study  of  their  regulation  and  functions  could  advance  our  understanding  of  transcription-associated  RNAs  and  the  process  of  transcription  overall.  In  this  thesis,  I  explored  transcription  throughout  the  genome  and  assessed  the  role  of  chromatin  topology  in  its  regulation.  Using  nascent  RNA-seq  data  generated  for  the  ENCODE  project,  the  pervasive  transcription  of    PROMPTs,  eRNAs,  and  RT  transcripts  were  documented  genome-wide  under  homeostatic  conditions,  and  the  distinct  patterns  of  their  expression  were  described  relative  to  their  associated  genes.  Patterns  of  chromatin  modifications,  3D  genome  architecture,  and  DNA  sequence  motifs  correlating  with  their  transcription  were  identified,  however,  these  features  only  partly  explained  the  identified  variability  in  lncRNA  expression.  To  better  understand  the  dynamic  relationship  between  transcription  and  genome  organization,  I  exposed  cells  to  exogenous  stress  conditions  after  disrupting  the  chromatin  architecture  and  assessed  the  expression  of  both  genes  and  transcription-associated  lncRNAs.  Using  nascent  RNA-seq,  the  transcriptional  responses  to  TNF  treatment,  heat  shock,  and  DNA  damage  by  ionizing  radiation  were  measured  after  degrading  RAD21,  a  core  component  of  the  cohesin  complex  that  organizes  the  genome  into  3D  chromatin  loop  domains.  Little  evidence  was  found  to  suggest  that  the  disruption  of  chromatin  loops  negatively  impacted  the  ability  of  the  cell  to  respond  to  stress,  with  genome-wide  transcription  of  protein-coding  genes,  eRNAs,  and  RT  transcripts  being  similar  with  or  without  RAD21.  These  results  support  the  current  body  of  research  establishing  cohesin  as  an  integral  regulator  of  genome  structure,  but  not  of  transcription.  Altogether,  this  work  enhanced  our  understanding  of  the  functional  landscape  of  the  genome.  In  addition  to  generating  broadly  useful  datasets  for  the  study  of  both  homeostatic  and  stress-induced  transcription,  I  explored  how  various  chromatin  features  can  influence  the  expression  of  both  coding  and  non-coding  RNAs.  This  work  highlights  the  complexities  underlying  transcriptional  regulation  and  genome  organization  and  informs  potential  avenues  for  future  studies  into  the  relationship  between  genomic  form  and  function.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aBioinformatics
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aGenetics
■653    ▼aNascent  RNA-seq
■653    ▼aFunctional  genomics
■653    ▼aNon-coding  RNA
■653    ▼aGenome  organization
■653    ▼aTranscription
■653    ▼aCellular  stress
■690    ▼a0307
■690    ▼a0715
■690    ▼a0369
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bCellular  &  Molecular  Biology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
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■792    ▼a2024
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■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164549▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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