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Aggregation of Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Fast Power System Services: From Theory to Practice
Aggregation of Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Fast Power System Services: From Theo...
Aggregation of Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Fast Power System Services: From Theory to Practice

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211153016
ISBN  
9798384045823
DDC  
621
저자명  
Granitsas, Ioannis Marios.
서명/저자  
Aggregation of Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Fast Power System Services: From Theory to Practice
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
140 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Hiskens, Ian A.;Mathieu, Johanna L.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약In electric power systems, mismatch between scheduled generation and demand leads to deviations from the nominal grid frequency, thereby posing risks to the reliability of the electric power system. The significant uncertainty introduced to the grid due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy resources, such as wind and solar, can exacerbate these frequency deviations. To mitigate that, additional flexible resources, such as load aggregations, are required to maintain the reliability of the system. Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs) are excellent candidates for providing flexibility to the grid due to their thermal inertia and ubiquity across the distribution system.This dissertation addresses some of the main challenges associated with large-scale control of TCLs for providing fast power system services, i.e., on the order of seconds. These challenges emanate from a variety of sources, including the nonlinear nature of the underlying devices as well as the technical limitations that currently exist in practical systems. To that end, this dissertation develops advanced modelling, estimation, and control approaches tailored to address these challenges.With the goal of establishing more credibility for this technology, real-world experiments were carried out to better understand the limitations of the currently developed approaches and identify the main impediments to widespread adoption of load control. More specifically, this dissertation shows that TCLs can be successfully controlled to provide frequency regulation services with minimal impact on the end user. Since current state-of-the-art approaches do not consider some important aspects of the underlying devices, such as the presence of multiple zones and actuation delays, a range of aggregate models and control approaches are developed to address these deficiencies. Moreover, because technical limitations may prevent devices from being engaged very frequently, a computationally tractable optimization-based approach is developed for maximizing the potential of TCLs for providing fast power system services under infrequent actuation. This approach is shown to satisfy performance requirements imposed by system operators even with very infrequent actuation.To gain a deeper understanding of controller performance limits and potential undesired phenomena that can arise across different regimes during aggregate TCL control, this dissertation carries out a frequency response analysis of a probabilistic control scheme. It is shown that rapid switching commands can induce oscillations in the power output due to the inherent protective mechanism of the underlying devices. It is also demonstrated that highly detailed aggregate models are required to capture this behavior and enable deeper understanding of the control boundaries to avoid the introduction of undesirable effects on the grid.To reliably estimate the thermal parameters of individual TCL models, an identifiability analysis is carried out to more thoroughly explore the underlying models. This dissertation shows that commonly used individual TCL models are not identifiable, and subset selection is required to find an identifiable subset. The importance of identifiability is highlighted using a biased initialization scheme. Finally, a novel nonlinear least-squares problem is formulated and solved to estimate the set of identifiable parameters.More broadly, this dissertation attempts to establish more credibility for large-scale coordination of TCLs at fast timescales. It develops approaches to address some of the main challenges of TCL control by considering several practical aspects identified through real-world experiments. No major technological impediments are found that currently prevent TCLs from providing fast power system services while meeting performance requirements. 
일반주제명  
Energy
일반주제명  
Electrical engineering
일반주제명  
Thermodynamics
일반주제명  
Alternative energy
키워드  
Demand response
키워드  
Load control
키워드  
Frequency regulation services
키워드  
Thermostatically Controlled Loads
키워드  
Power distribution system
키워드  
Distributed energy resources
기타저자  
University of Michigan Electrical and Computer Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aGranitsas,  Ioannis  Marios.
■24510▼aAggregation  of  Thermostatically  Controlled  Loads  for  Fast  Power  System  Services:  From  Theory  to  Practice
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a140  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hiskens,  Ian  A.;Mathieu,  Johanna  L.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2024.
■520    ▼aIn  electric  power  systems,  mismatch  between  scheduled  generation  and  demand  leads  to  deviations  from  the  nominal  grid  frequency,  thereby  posing  risks  to  the  reliability  of  the  electric  power  system.  The  significant  uncertainty  introduced  to  the  grid  due  to  the  intermittent  nature  of  renewable  energy  resources,  such  as  wind  and  solar,  can  exacerbate  these  frequency  deviations.  To  mitigate  that,  additional  flexible  resources,  such  as  load  aggregations,  are  required  to  maintain  the  reliability  of  the  system.  Thermostatically  Controlled  Loads  (TCLs)  are  excellent  candidates  for  providing  flexibility  to  the  grid  due  to  their  thermal  inertia  and  ubiquity  across  the  distribution  system.This  dissertation  addresses  some  of  the  main  challenges  associated  with  large-scale  control  of  TCLs  for  providing  fast  power  system  services,  i.e.,  on  the  order  of  seconds.  These  challenges  emanate  from  a  variety  of  sources,  including  the  nonlinear  nature  of  the  underlying  devices  as  well  as  the  technical  limitations  that  currently  exist  in  practical  systems.  To  that  end,  this  dissertation  develops  advanced  modelling,  estimation,  and  control  approaches  tailored  to  address  these  challenges.With  the  goal  of  establishing  more  credibility  for  this  technology,  real-world  experiments  were  carried  out  to  better  understand  the  limitations  of  the  currently  developed  approaches  and  identify  the  main  impediments  to  widespread  adoption  of  load  control.  More  specifically,  this  dissertation  shows  that  TCLs  can  be  successfully  controlled  to  provide  frequency  regulation  services  with  minimal  impact  on  the  end  user.  Since  current  state-of-the-art  approaches  do  not  consider  some  important  aspects  of  the  underlying  devices,  such  as  the  presence  of  multiple  zones  and  actuation  delays,  a  range  of  aggregate  models  and  control  approaches  are  developed  to  address  these  deficiencies.  Moreover,  because  technical  limitations  may  prevent  devices  from  being  engaged  very  frequently,  a  computationally  tractable  optimization-based  approach  is  developed  for  maximizing  the  potential  of  TCLs  for  providing  fast  power  system  services  under  infrequent  actuation.  This  approach  is  shown  to  satisfy  performance  requirements  imposed  by  system  operators  even  with  very  infrequent  actuation.To  gain  a  deeper  understanding  of  controller  performance  limits  and  potential  undesired  phenomena  that  can  arise  across  different  regimes  during  aggregate  TCL  control,  this  dissertation  carries  out  a  frequency  response  analysis  of  a  probabilistic  control  scheme.  It  is  shown  that  rapid  switching  commands  can  induce  oscillations  in  the  power  output  due  to  the  inherent  protective  mechanism  of  the  underlying  devices.  It  is  also  demonstrated  that  highly  detailed  aggregate  models  are  required  to  capture  this  behavior  and  enable  deeper  understanding  of  the  control  boundaries  to  avoid  the  introduction  of  undesirable  effects  on  the  grid.To  reliably  estimate  the  thermal  parameters  of  individual  TCL  models,  an  identifiability  analysis  is  carried  out  to  more  thoroughly  explore  the  underlying  models.  This  dissertation  shows  that  commonly  used  individual  TCL  models  are  not  identifiable,  and  subset  selection  is  required  to  find  an  identifiable  subset.  The  importance  of  identifiability  is  highlighted  using  a  biased  initialization  scheme.  Finally,  a  novel  nonlinear  least-squares  problem  is  formulated  and  solved  to  estimate  the  set  of  identifiable  parameters.More  broadly,  this  dissertation  attempts  to  establish  more  credibility  for  large-scale  coordination  of  TCLs  at  fast  timescales.  It  develops  approaches  to  address  some  of  the  main  challenges  of  TCL  control  by  considering  several  practical  aspects  identified  through  real-world  experiments.  No  major  technological  impediments  are  found  that  currently  prevent  TCLs  from  providing  fast  power  system  services  while  meeting  performance  requirements. 
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aEnergy
■650  4▼aElectrical  engineering
■650  4▼aThermodynamics
■650  4▼aAlternative  energy
■653    ▼aDemand  response
■653    ▼aLoad  control
■653    ▼aFrequency  regulation  services
■653    ▼aThermostatically  Controlled  Loads
■653    ▼aPower  distribution  system
■653    ▼aDistributed  energy  resources
■690    ▼a0544
■690    ▼a0791
■690    ▼a0348
■690    ▼a0363
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bElectrical  and  Computer  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-04B.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164552▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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