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The Mid-Cell Cytoplasmic Solution to Gel State Transition Drives Cytoplasmic Mixing of Tracer Beads and Organelles in the Giant Amoebozoa Chaos carolinensis
The Mid-Cell Cytoplasmic Solution to Gel State Transition Drives Cytoplasmic Mixing of Tra...
The Mid-Cell Cytoplasmic Solution to Gel State Transition Drives Cytoplasmic Mixing of Tracer Beads and Organelles in the Giant Amoebozoa Chaos carolinensis

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211153022
ISBN  
9798346875147
DDC  
574
저자명  
Diaz, Ulises.
서명/저자  
The Mid-Cell Cytoplasmic Solution to Gel State Transition Drives Cytoplasmic Mixing of Tracer Beads and Organelles in the Giant Amoebozoa Chaos carolinensis
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, San Francisco, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
81 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-06, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Mullins, Roland.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Francisco, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약The cytoplasm is a dynamic fluid where cellular building blocks and components are continuously mixing. Cytoplasmic mixing is important for transporting intracellular material ranging from nucleotides and proteins to full organelles. In large cell types, such as ameboid and neutrophil cells, cytoplasmic streaming is coupled to membrane deformations that accompany in motility. How well or how long it takes for material to mix in cytoplasmic streams during motility remains an open question. In relatively small volumes of viscous fluids at very low Reynolds numbers, such as the cytoplasm, it should be difficult to obtain significant mixing for structures in the size range of organelles simply from streaming laminar flows. Although small things like proteins can eventually mix through diffusion, microscale structures are expected to mix on a significantly slower time frame or not at all. In this work we discovered how the giant amoeba Chaos carolinensis overcomes these limitations using a novel cytoplasmic gel state capture and release strategy to facilitate the extremely efficient mixing of its cytoplasm. While it was previously thought that the amoeba solution to gel state transitions only occurs at the trailing and leading edge of the cell body, our work indicates that these transitions occur frequently throughout the mid-cell region, driving the cytoplasmic mixing of beads and organelles. These results indicate that amoeba reaches a stable mixed state during motility in as little as one cytoplasmic stream/flow cycle, effectively making it a Bernoulli system and thus one of the fastest possible known intracellular mixers. To study cytoplasmic streams, we microinjected fluorescent beads into amoeba and recorded their movement using time-lapse microscopy for up to 12 hours. In addition to bead trajectories, we microinject histone H1 labeled with alexa 488 and tracked nuclei movement. To separate the movements of beads and nuclei from overall cell motility, we employed automated image processing to stabilize the videos, making the amoeba appear to crawl in place. Power law fits of interparticle distance over time allowed us to classify bead pair separation events into sub-diffusive, diffusive, super-diffusive, and ballistic transport regimes. Using mean squared displacement analysis, we also distinguished gel-state from liquid-state flows. This classification enabled us to calculate diffusion coefficients, mean velocities, and dwell times for each state, which we used to simulate the time required for two particle populations to achieve stable mixing. To validate these simulations, we developed a method to computationally label and track two distinct bead populations from a single-color bead injection. This approach allowed us to observe new mixing events frame by frame and showed strong agreement between simulated and experimental results.Here we show the innovative strategy through which the giant amoeba Chaos carolinensis achieves efficient cytoplasmic mixing despite its reliance on low-Reynolds-number, laminar flow. Our results highlight the role of mid-cell sol-to-gel transitions in facilitating efficient mixing, enabling material exchange between cytoplasmic layers and allowing complete intracellular mixing within a single flow cycle. Novel computational approaches validated the robustness of these dynamics through simulation, showing alignment with experimental data for both bead and nuclear trajectories. Moreover, pseudopod modulation was found to have minimal impact on mixing efficiency, underscoring the unique contribution of sol-to-gel state dynamics. This work establishes a robust framework for studying intracellular mixing, with potential applications across cellular systems characterized by cytoplasmic streaming.
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Biophysics
일반주제명  
Biology
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
키워드  
Amoeba
키워드  
Cytoplasmic mixing
키워드  
Hyper mixing
키워드  
Microinjection
키워드  
Single label multi-color mixing
키워드  
Gel state transition
기타저자  
University of California, San Francisco Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-06B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aDiaz,  Ulises.▼0(orcid)0000-0003-4847-5948
■24510▼aThe  Mid-Cell  Cytoplasmic  Solution  to  Gel  State  Transition  Drives  Cytoplasmic  Mixing  of  Tracer  Beads  and  Organelles  in  the  Giant  Amoebozoa  Chaos  carolinensis
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  San  Francisco▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a81  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-06,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Mullins,  Roland.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  San  Francisco,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  cytoplasm  is  a  dynamic  fluid  where  cellular  building  blocks  and  components  are  continuously  mixing.  Cytoplasmic  mixing  is  important  for  transporting  intracellular  material  ranging  from  nucleotides  and  proteins  to  full  organelles.  In  large  cell  types,  such  as  ameboid  and  neutrophil  cells,  cytoplasmic  streaming  is  coupled  to  membrane  deformations  that  accompany  in  motility.  How  well  or  how  long  it  takes  for  material  to  mix  in  cytoplasmic  streams  during  motility  remains  an  open  question.  In  relatively  small  volumes  of  viscous  fluids  at  very  low  Reynolds  numbers,  such  as  the  cytoplasm,  it  should  be  difficult  to  obtain  significant  mixing  for  structures  in  the  size  range  of  organelles  simply  from  streaming  laminar  flows.  Although  small  things  like  proteins  can  eventually  mix  through  diffusion,  microscale  structures  are  expected  to  mix  on  a  significantly  slower  time  frame  or  not  at  all.  In  this  work  we  discovered  how  the  giant  amoeba  Chaos  carolinensis  overcomes  these  limitations  using  a  novel  cytoplasmic  gel  state  capture  and  release  strategy  to  facilitate  the  extremely  efficient  mixing  of  its  cytoplasm.  While  it  was  previously  thought  that  the  amoeba  solution  to  gel  state  transitions  only  occurs  at  the  trailing  and  leading  edge  of  the  cell  body,  our  work  indicates  that  these  transitions  occur  frequently  throughout  the  mid-cell  region,  driving  the  cytoplasmic  mixing  of  beads  and  organelles.  These  results  indicate  that  amoeba  reaches  a  stable  mixed  state  during  motility  in  as  little  as  one  cytoplasmic  stream/flow  cycle,  effectively  making  it  a  Bernoulli  system  and  thus  one  of  the  fastest  possible  known  intracellular  mixers. To  study  cytoplasmic  streams,  we  microinjected  fluorescent  beads  into  amoeba  and  recorded  their  movement  using  time-lapse  microscopy  for  up  to  12  hours.  In  addition  to  bead  trajectories,  we  microinject  histone  H1  labeled  with  alexa  488  and  tracked  nuclei  movement.  To separate  the  movements  of  beads  and  nuclei  from  overall  cell  motility,  we  employed  automated  image  processing  to  stabilize  the  videos,  making  the  amoeba  appear  to  crawl  in  place.  Power  law  fits  of  interparticle  distance  over  time  allowed  us  to  classify  bead  pair  separation  events  into  sub-diffusive,  diffusive,  super-diffusive,  and  ballistic  transport  regimes.  Using  mean  squared  displacement  analysis,  we  also  distinguished  gel-state  from  liquid-state  flows.  This  classification  enabled  us  to  calculate  diffusion  coefficients,  mean  velocities,  and  dwell  times  for  each  state,  which  we  used  to  simulate  the  time  required  for  two  particle  populations  to  achieve  stable  mixing.  To  validate  these  simulations,  we  developed  a  method  to  computationally  label  and  track  two  distinct  bead  populations  from  a  single-color  bead  injection.  This  approach  allowed  us  to  observe  new  mixing  events  frame  by  frame  and  showed  strong  agreement  between  simulated  and  experimental  results.Here  we  show  the  innovative  strategy  through  which  the  giant  amoeba  Chaos  carolinensis  achieves  efficient  cytoplasmic  mixing  despite  its  reliance  on  low-Reynolds-number,  laminar  flow.  Our  results  highlight  the  role  of  mid-cell  sol-to-gel  transitions  in  facilitating  efficient  mixing,  enabling  material  exchange  between  cytoplasmic  layers  and  allowing  complete  intracellular  mixing  within  a  single  flow  cycle.  Novel  computational  approaches  validated  the  robustness  of  these  dynamics  through  simulation,  showing  alignment  with  experimental  data  for  both  bead  and  nuclear  trajectories.  Moreover,  pseudopod  modulation  was  found  to  have  minimal  impact  on  mixing  efficiency,  underscoring  the  unique  contribution  of  sol-to-gel  state  dynamics.  This  work  establishes  a  robust  framework  for  studying  intracellular  mixing,  with  potential  applications  across  cellular  systems  characterized  by  cytoplasmic  streaming.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0034.
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aBiophysics
■650  4▼aBiology
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■653    ▼aAmoeba
■653    ▼aCytoplasmic  mixing
■653    ▼aHyper  mixing
■653    ▼aMicroinjection
■653    ▼aSingle  label  multi-color  mixing
■653    ▼aGel  state  transition
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0786
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0306
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  San  Francisco▼bBiochemistry  and  Molecular  Biology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-06B.
■790    ▼a0034
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164609▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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