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Essays in International Macroeconomics
Essays in International Macroeconomics
Essays in International Macroeconomics

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151137
ISBN  
9798382260259
DDC  
339
저자명  
Vaughn, Mitchell.
서명/저자  
Essays in International Macroeconomics
발행사항  
[Sl] : Columbia University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
212 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-10, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Schmitt-Grohe, Stephanie.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation studies topics in international macroeconomics. In the first chapter, I develop a heterogeneous agent model of a small open economy and studies how households differ in their responses to aggregate productivity and interest rate shocks. Poor households display stronger consumption responses to an aggregate productivity shock because they are more likely to be constrained in liquid assets. In contrast, rich households display stronger consumption responses to an interest rate shock because they are more likely to be unconstrained in liquid assets. When the economy experiences a sudden stop, defined as transitory contractionary shocks to productivity and the interest rate, the interest rate effect neutralizes the productivity effect. As a consequence, the sudden stop generates consumption-income elasticities that display little variation along the income distribution, similar to a permanent shock. My finding captures the observed behavior of households in the Mexican Peso Crisis of 1994.In the second chapter, I study a small open economy subject to a borrowing constraint which experiences stochastic volatility in its output endowment. I find that volatility shocks induce substantial changes in borrowing by households, in excess of the precautionary savings response. Household responses to volatility shocks increases the standard deviation of borrowing, but not the standard deviation of consumption, suggesting small welfare costs. Stochastic volatility increases the frequency of financial crises in a decentralized economy that overborrows due to a pecuniary externality, but not a socially optimal economy.In the third chapter, I introduce income heterogeneity into a small open economy model with an occasionally binding collateral constraint. Income heterogeneity generates poor households that borrow up to the constraint to smooth over their income shock. This differs from representative agent models that require a depressed aggregate state for the representative household to interact with the constraint. As a consequence, the model displays a higher average marginal propensity to consume which generates a higher volatility of aggregate consumption. The model with income heterogeneity fails to generate sudden stops. This occurs as the income shock generates rich households that are able to consumption smooth throughout contractions.In the fourth chapter, I trace the path between a benchmark representative agent model and a benchmark heterogeneous agent model. Heterogeneous agent models typically introduce idiosyncratic income risk, a financial friction in the form of a borrowing or non-negativity constraint, and recalibrate the impatience of households. This paper studies the effect of each term. With the minimal financial friction that households cannot starve, complete markets fail, but income risk has no significant effect on the aggregate response of consumption to an endowment or interest rate shock relative to a representative agent benchmark. Heterogeneity and significant financial frictions generate empirically realistic marginal propensities to consume, but fail to alter the aggregate consumption response. Decreasing the impatience of households is necessary to significantly alter aggregate responses to endowment and interest rate shocks.
키워드  
Macroeconomics
키워드  
Financial frictions
키워드  
Heterogeneous agent model
기타저자  
Columbia University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-10A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■006m          o    d                
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■020    ▼a9798382260259
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31148601
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a339
■1001  ▼aVaughn,  Mitchell.
■24510▼aEssays  in  International  Macroeconomics
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bColumbia  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a212  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-10,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Schmitt-Grohe,  Stephanie.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Columbia  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  studies  topics  in  international  macroeconomics.  In  the  first  chapter,  I  develop  a  heterogeneous  agent  model  of  a  small  open  economy  and  studies  how  households  differ  in  their  responses  to  aggregate  productivity  and  interest  rate  shocks.  Poor  households  display  stronger  consumption  responses  to  an  aggregate  productivity  shock  because  they  are  more  likely  to  be  constrained  in  liquid  assets.  In  contrast,  rich  households  display  stronger  consumption  responses  to  an  interest  rate  shock  because  they  are  more  likely  to  be  unconstrained  in  liquid  assets.  When  the  economy  experiences  a  sudden  stop,  defined  as  transitory  contractionary  shocks  to  productivity  and  the  interest  rate,  the  interest  rate  effect  neutralizes  the  productivity  effect.  As  a  consequence,  the  sudden  stop  generates  consumption-income  elasticities  that  display  little  variation  along  the  income  distribution,  similar  to  a  permanent  shock.  My  finding  captures  the  observed  behavior  of  households  in  the  Mexican  Peso  Crisis  of  1994.In  the  second  chapter,  I  study  a  small  open  economy  subject  to  a  borrowing  constraint  which  experiences  stochastic  volatility  in  its  output  endowment.  I  find  that  volatility  shocks  induce  substantial  changes  in  borrowing  by  households,  in  excess  of  the  precautionary  savings  response.  Household  responses  to  volatility  shocks  increases  the  standard  deviation  of  borrowing,  but  not  the  standard  deviation  of  consumption,  suggesting  small  welfare  costs.  Stochastic  volatility  increases  the  frequency  of  financial  crises  in  a  decentralized  economy  that  overborrows  due  to  a  pecuniary  externality,  but  not  a  socially  optimal  economy.In  the  third  chapter,  I  introduce  income  heterogeneity  into  a  small  open  economy  model  with  an  occasionally  binding  collateral  constraint.  Income  heterogeneity  generates  poor  households  that  borrow  up  to  the  constraint  to  smooth  over  their  income  shock.  This  differs  from  representative  agent  models  that  require  a  depressed  aggregate  state  for  the  representative  household  to  interact  with  the  constraint.  As  a  consequence,  the  model  displays  a  higher  average  marginal  propensity  to  consume  which  generates  a  higher  volatility  of  aggregate  consumption.  The  model  with  income  heterogeneity  fails  to  generate  sudden  stops.  This  occurs  as  the  income  shock  generates  rich  households  that  are  able  to  consumption  smooth  throughout  contractions.In  the  fourth  chapter,  I  trace  the  path  between  a  benchmark  representative  agent  model  and  a  benchmark  heterogeneous  agent  model.  Heterogeneous  agent  models  typically  introduce  idiosyncratic  income  risk,  a  financial  friction  in  the  form  of  a  borrowing  or  non-negativity  constraint,  and  recalibrate  the  impatience  of  households.  This  paper  studies  the  effect  of  each  term.  With  the  minimal  financial  friction  that  households  cannot  starve,  complete  markets  fail,  but  income  risk  has  no  significant  effect  on  the  aggregate  response  of  consumption  to  an  endowment  or  interest  rate  shock  relative  to  a  representative  agent  benchmark.  Heterogeneity  and  significant  financial  frictions  generate  empirically  realistic  marginal  propensities  to  consume,  but  fail  to  alter  the  aggregate  consumption  response.  Decreasing  the  impatience  of  households  is  necessary  to  significantly  alter  aggregate  responses  to  endowment  and  interest  rate  shocks.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0054.
■653    ▼aMacroeconomics
■653    ▼aFinancial  frictions
■653    ▼aHeterogeneous  agent  model
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0511
■690    ▼a0509
■71020▼aColumbia  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-10A.
■790    ▼a0054
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160924▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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