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Multi-Pole Nem Relays and Multiple-Bits-Per-Cell Rram for Efficient 3-D ICS
Multi-Pole Nem Relays and Multiple-Bits-Per-Cell Rram for Efficient 3-D ICS
Multi-Pole Nem Relays and Multiple-Bits-Per-Cell Rram for Efficient 3-D ICS

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151142
ISBN  
9798383706251
DDC  
621
저자명  
Levy, Akash.
서명/저자  
Multi-Pole Nem Relays and Multiple-Bits-Per-Cell Rram for Efficient 3-D ICS
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
180 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Raina, Priyanka.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약In this dissertation, I present techniques for improving the power, performance, and area of integrated circuits (ICs) through 3-D integration of two emerging nanotechnologies: (1) resistive random-access memory (RRAM), a non-volatile memory with multiple-bits-per-cell storage capability, and (2) nanoelectromechanical (NEM) relays, nano-scale mechanical relays that can be actuated electrostatically. In modern ICs for edge computing, data movement between on and off-chip memories typically consumes a large fraction of the total power. Dense, non-volatile embedded memory can reduce/eliminate off-chip data movement by keeping frequently-read application data always on chip. RRAM is a good candidate for such a memory, especially because it can store multiple bits per cell, achieving high density on-chip storage. However, efficient and reliable operation with multiple-bits-per-cell RRAM has been a challenge due to (1) stochastic device behavior during programming that results in large pulse counts with traditional write-verify methods, and (2) reliability issues arising from resistance relaxation. Towards the goal of achieving efficient and reliable multiple-bits-per-cell RRAM, I present three contributions: (1) range-dependent adaptive resistance (RADAR) tuning, a fast and energy-efficient programming method for multiple-bits-per-cell RRAM that uses an adaptive combination of coarse- and fine-grained cell resistance tuning, yielding a 2.4x reduction in pulse count over prior methods, (2) characterization of resistance relaxation behavior in three RRAM technologies and analysis of its implications for multiple-bits-per-cell storage, and (3) efficient multiple-bits-per-cell embedded RRAM (EMBER), the first demonstration of a fully-integrated multiple-bits-per-cell RRAM macro. EMBER contains a multiple-bits-per-cell read and write controller with a high degree of flexibility that enables good level allocation (mitigating reliability issues from resistance relaxation) and programming scheme optimization (yielding low-energy, low-latency multiple-bits-per-cell writes). Finally, in reconfigurable ICs, in addition to the memories, the routing fabric consumes a large fraction of the overall area and power. I demonstrate that replacing CMOS routing switches with 3-D integrated multi-pole nanoelectromechanical (NEM) relays in a coarse-grained reconfigurable array (CGRA) can achieve 19% lower area and 10% lower power at iso-performance.
일반주제명  
Energy
일반주제명  
Bandwidths
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■0820  ▼a621
■1001  ▼aLevy,  Akash.
■24510▼aMulti-Pole  Nem  Relays  and  Multiple-Bits-Per-Cell  Rram  for  Efficient  3-D  ICS
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a180  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Raina,  Priyanka.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aIn  this  dissertation,  I  present  techniques  for  improving  the  power,  performance,  and  area  of  integrated  circuits  (ICs)  through  3-D  integration  of  two  emerging  nanotechnologies:  (1)  resistive  random-access  memory  (RRAM),  a  non-volatile  memory  with  multiple-bits-per-cell  storage  capability,  and  (2)  nanoelectromechanical  (NEM)  relays,  nano-scale  mechanical  relays  that  can  be  actuated  electrostatically.  In  modern  ICs  for  edge  computing,  data  movement  between  on  and  off-chip  memories  typically  consumes  a  large  fraction  of  the  total  power.  Dense,  non-volatile  embedded  memory  can  reduce/eliminate  off-chip  data  movement  by  keeping  frequently-read  application  data  always  on  chip.  RRAM  is  a  good  candidate  for  such  a  memory,  especially  because  it  can  store  multiple  bits  per  cell,  achieving  high  density  on-chip  storage.  However,  efficient  and  reliable  operation  with  multiple-bits-per-cell  RRAM  has  been  a  challenge  due  to  (1)  stochastic  device  behavior  during  programming  that  results  in  large  pulse  counts  with  traditional  write-verify  methods,  and  (2)  reliability  issues  arising  from  resistance  relaxation.  Towards  the  goal  of  achieving  efficient  and  reliable  multiple-bits-per-cell  RRAM,  I  present  three  contributions:  (1)  range-dependent  adaptive  resistance  (RADAR)  tuning,  a  fast  and  energy-efficient  programming  method  for  multiple-bits-per-cell  RRAM  that  uses  an  adaptive  combination  of  coarse-  and  fine-grained  cell  resistance  tuning,  yielding  a  2.4x  reduction  in  pulse  count  over  prior  methods,  (2)  characterization  of  resistance  relaxation  behavior  in  three  RRAM  technologies  and  analysis  of  its  implications  for  multiple-bits-per-cell  storage,  and  (3)  efficient  multiple-bits-per-cell  embedded  RRAM  (EMBER),  the  first  demonstration  of  a  fully-integrated  multiple-bits-per-cell  RRAM  macro.  EMBER  contains  a  multiple-bits-per-cell  read  and  write  controller  with  a  high  degree  of  flexibility  that  enables  good  level  allocation  (mitigating  reliability  issues  from  resistance  relaxation)  and  programming  scheme  optimization  (yielding  low-energy,  low-latency  multiple-bits-per-cell  writes).  Finally,  in  reconfigurable  ICs,  in  addition  to  the  memories,  the  routing  fabric  consumes  a  large  fraction  of  the  overall  area  and  power.  I  demonstrate  that  replacing  CMOS  routing  switches  with  3-D  integrated  multi-pole  nanoelectromechanical  (NEM)  relays  in  a  coarse-grained  reconfigurable  array  (CGRA)  can  achieve  19%  lower  area  and  10%  lower  power  at  iso-performance.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aEnergy
■650  4▼aBandwidths
■690    ▼a0791
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-02B.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160960▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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