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Exploring the Role of Nuclear Transport and Chromatin State in Micronucleus Stability
Exploring the Role of Nuclear Transport and Chromatin State in Micronucleus Stability
Exploring the Role of Nuclear Transport and Chromatin State in Micronucleus Stability

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152801
ISBN  
9798384097877
DDC  
574
저자명  
Zych, Molly Grace.
서명/저자  
Exploring the Role of Nuclear Transport and Chromatin State in Micronucleus Stability
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Washington, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
98 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Hatch, Emily.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Micronuclei (MN) form when missegregated chromatin recruits its own nuclear envelope after mitosis. MN are byproducts of genome instability, are defective in performing most nuclear functions, and cause further aneuploidy and DNA damage. MN are unstable and their rupture can activate immune signaling and metastatic pathways, contributing to cancer progression. Many studies have identified mechanisms that contribute to MN rupture. Defects in nuclear envelope protein recruitment lead to rupture and are influenced by spindle position or chromosome identity. Chromosome size influences MN stability through lamin B1 and nuclear pore complex recruitment, while gene density influences stability through lamina organization, though the mechanism behind this is not known. While most nuclear functions are altered in MN, it's still not well understood how or if these erroneous functions also contribute to MN rupture. In this work, I first investigate how gene density influences the stability of small MN, MN containing short chromosomes, in Chapter 2. I find that histone modifications are influential on small MN rupture, where heterochromatin contributes to lamina gaps and instability. This occurs through nuclear growth, which is largely influenced by nuclear transport and recruitment of RCC1, a RanGEF. Euchromatic MN, which are stable, are especially depleted for RCC1, whereas heterochromatic MN have higher RCC1 recruitment. In addition to this defect in small MN, I identify growth as a new contributor to MN rupture and find that all MN have an export defect that leads to growth, lamina gap formation, and rupture. I analyzed existing chromothripsis data from patients and found that chromothripsis on early rupturing chromosomes contains higher levels of APOBEC mutations compared to late rupturing chromosomes, suggesting rupture timing is important for MN consequences. Additional work summarized in Chapter 3 looks into the mechanisms responsible for MN formation. I determined MN content after spindle assembly checkpoint inhibition or merotelic microtubule attachment and found that MN content is non-random and specific to the mechanism of formation. Additional unfinished work developed tools to identify MN content in a high throughput manner, either through subcellular fractionation or multiplexed DNA-FISH.Together these studies help define how chromosome identity influences MN formation, function, rupture, and the consequences of MN rupture. This work suggests that the previously identified defects in MN function are more variable than previously appreciated and that these differences can influence the contribution MN make to long lasting cellular consequences. Future studies should look further into the cause of the transport defects in MN, better define what triggers MN rupture, and test the role of these mechanisms of MN rupture in vivo.
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Oncology
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
일반주제명  
Genetics
일반주제명  
Immunology
키워드  
Micronuclei
키워드  
Nuclear functions
키워드  
Cancer progression
키워드  
Chromothripsis
키워드  
Heterochromatin
기타저자  
University of Washington Molecular and Cellular Biology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aZych,  Molly  Grace.
■24510▼aExploring  the  Role  of  Nuclear  Transport  and  Chromatin  State  in  Micronucleus  Stability
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Washington▼c2024
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■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hatch,  Emily.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Washington,  2024.
■520    ▼aMicronuclei  (MN)  form  when  missegregated  chromatin  recruits  its  own  nuclear  envelope  after  mitosis.  MN  are  byproducts  of  genome  instability,  are  defective  in  performing  most  nuclear  functions,  and  cause  further  aneuploidy  and  DNA  damage.  MN  are  unstable  and  their  rupture  can  activate  immune  signaling  and  metastatic  pathways,  contributing  to  cancer  progression.  Many  studies  have  identified  mechanisms  that  contribute  to  MN  rupture.  Defects  in  nuclear  envelope  protein  recruitment  lead  to  rupture  and  are  influenced  by  spindle  position  or  chromosome  identity.  Chromosome  size  influences  MN  stability  through  lamin  B1  and  nuclear  pore  complex  recruitment,  while  gene  density  influences  stability  through  lamina  organization,  though  the  mechanism  behind  this  is  not  known.  While  most  nuclear  functions  are  altered  in  MN,  it's  still  not  well  understood  how  or  if  these  erroneous  functions  also  contribute  to  MN  rupture. In  this  work,  I  first  investigate  how  gene  density  influences  the  stability  of  small  MN,  MN  containing  short  chromosomes,  in  Chapter  2.  I  find  that  histone  modifications  are  influential  on  small  MN  rupture,  where  heterochromatin  contributes  to  lamina  gaps  and  instability.  This  occurs through  nuclear  growth,  which  is  largely  influenced  by  nuclear  transport  and  recruitment  of  RCC1,  a  RanGEF.  Euchromatic  MN,  which  are  stable,  are  especially  depleted  for  RCC1,  whereas  heterochromatic  MN  have  higher  RCC1  recruitment.  In  addition  to  this  defect  in  small  MN,  I  identify  growth  as  a  new  contributor  to  MN  rupture  and  find  that  all  MN  have  an  export  defect  that  leads  to  growth,  lamina  gap  formation,  and  rupture.  I  analyzed  existing  chromothripsis  data  from  patients  and  found  that  chromothripsis  on  early  rupturing  chromosomes  contains  higher  levels  of  APOBEC  mutations  compared  to  late  rupturing  chromosomes,  suggesting  rupture  timing  is  important  for  MN  consequences.  Additional  work  summarized  in  Chapter  3  looks  into  the  mechanisms  responsible  for  MN  formation.  I  determined  MN  content  after  spindle  assembly  checkpoint  inhibition  or  merotelic  microtubule  attachment  and  found  that  MN  content  is  non-random  and  specific  to  the  mechanism  of  formation.  Additional  unfinished  work  developed  tools  to  identify  MN  content  in  a  high  throughput  manner,  either  through  subcellular  fractionation  or  multiplexed  DNA-FISH.Together  these  studies  help  define  how  chromosome  identity  influences  MN  formation,  function,  rupture,  and  the  consequences  of  MN  rupture.  This  work  suggests  that  the  previously  identified  defects  in  MN  function  are  more  variable  than  previously  appreciated  and  that  these  differences  can  influence  the  contribution  MN  make  to  long  lasting  cellular  consequences.  Future  studies  should  look  further  into  the  cause  of  the  transport  defects  in  MN,  better  define  what  triggers  MN  rupture,  and  test  the  role  of  these  mechanisms  of  MN  rupture  in  vivo.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0250.
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aOncology
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■650  4▼aGenetics
■650  4▼aImmunology
■653    ▼aMicronuclei  
■653    ▼aNuclear  functions
■653    ▼aCancer  progression
■653    ▼aChromothripsis  
■653    ▼aHeterochromatin
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0992
■690    ▼a0982
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0369
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Washington▼bMolecular  and  Cellular  Biology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
■790    ▼a0250
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163849▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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