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Rethinking Non-Electoral Political Representation: Roles, Duties, and Democratic Potential
Rethinking Non-Electoral Political Representation: Roles, Duties, and Democratic Potential
Rethinking Non-Electoral Political Representation: Roles, Duties, and Democratic Potential

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151149
ISBN  
9798382776163
DDC  
100
저자명  
Appleton, Krupa K.
서명/저자  
Rethinking Non-Electoral Political Representation: Roles, Duties, and Democratic Potential
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
248 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Stanczyk, Lucas.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Many of us have an intuition that there is something morally suspect about being spoken for. When we hear others make claims on behalf of groups to which we belong, for example, we might object, "Who are they to speak for us? For me?" The stakes seem especially acute when those being spoken for are marginalized and oppressed groups, and the claims at issue concern matters that stand to have a significant impact on political interests of these groups, implicating their livelihoods, health, shelter, safety, and access to basic rights and liberties. We may worry that these actors misrepresent the views or interests of those they are representing or represent them in the wrong way or to the wrong audience or at the wrong time. In light of these moral hazards, philosophers who have examined this practice have tended to approach it as one that is only permissible or justified when or to the extent that the represented need it, say, because they suffer from political injustices of various kinds. Accordingly, they have tended to ascribe duties to those engaging in this practice which reflect a concern with the risk that these actors may, through their acts of representation, exacerbate the injustices to which the represented groups are subject. I argue that such an approach neglects the non-corrective roles this practice may play, and also mischaracterizes the nature of the duties one has while engaging in the practice. By lifting these presumptions, we may more fully appreciate the positive democratic potential of the practice - not only under unjust conditions such as those we live under but also under the just conditions to which we ought to aspire - without thereby denying, and addressing, its moral hazards.In this dissertation, I will offer an account of the practice that I have been describing which I believe better captures the range of forms this practice can take, the range of roles it can play, and the range of duties to which those engaged in it are subject. In Chapter 1, I analyze this practice as a form of non-electoral political representation. I introduce the concept of non-electoral political representation and show how it developed out of a recognition that conventional ways of thinking about political representation were inadequate for capturing the range of forms political representation can take. I then consider how dominant accounts of non-electoral political representation have conceived of the phenomenon. I argue that these accounts' conceptions of the practice fail to capture all of the cases that ought to be of concern to political philosophers, that their normative accounts of the practice are preoccupied with its moral hazards, and that their accounts of the duties associated with the practice misconceive the nature of these duties, in part due to a continued reliance on paradigms inherited from what I call the Standard View of political representation.In Chapter 2, I examine the question of what role(s) non-electoral political representatives may play under just conditions, as well as under unjust ones. Intervening in debates on the boundary problem, or the problem of who ought to be included in the demos of a democratic society, I identify and distinguish between claims to two kinds of democratic inclusion - one kind belonging to members of a democratic political community and the other belonging to non-members who are relevantly affected by certain decisions of the community. Non-electoral political representatives, I argue, may play a role in helping satisfy each kind of claim - under unjust as well as just circumstances. To that end, they do have a valuable corrective role to play in helping satisfy the inclusion claims of those whose claims, but this role does not exhaust their positive democratic potential.In Chapter 3, I consider the question of whether there is ever a duty to engage in non-electoral political representation. Building on the takeaways of Chapter 2, I observe that non-electoral political representatives may play a valuable role in promoting just institutions, both through using their speech to directly help satisfy democratic inclusion claims and through using their speech to promote reform of just institutions. To that end, engaging in non-electoral political representation is one way to satisfy the natural duty to promote just institutions. However, though there is a general duty to promote just institutions, there is no specific duty to engage in non-electoral political representation as a means to that end - though particular individuals are especially well-positioned to promote justice in this way in virtue of their social positions. That said, there are other potential sources of a duty to engage in non-electoral political representation, including role obligations and duties of beneficence, which have been neglected by normative theorists of non-electoral political representation. In Chapter 4, I consider the question of what duties govern the activity of non-electoral political representation. Many theorists think that these representatives are subject to certain role obligations, specific to the role of non-electoral political representative and applicable to all instances of the practice - a view I take to be a holdover from theorizing about the ethics of electoral political representation. I offer an account of these duties according to which they are not role-specific duties but context-specific iterations of the ordinary pro tanto moral duty all moral agents have to avoid foreseeably harming others through our actions. This approach to the question of non-electoral political representatives' duties has the virtue of generality, in that it better captures the diversity of moral hazards that may arise in different kinds of cases of non-electoral political representation and the kinds and range of duties they may trigger, and avoids the challenge that prevailing views face in identifying an appropriate ground for role-specific obligations that may generalize across cases.In Chapter 5, I address six of what I take to be the most challenging objections for my account. In responding to these objections, I clarify nuances and features of the account with references to real-world examples, in ways that bring out advantages of my account over existing attempts to theorize the practice and the ethics of non-electoral political representation.
일반주제명  
Philosophy
일반주제명  
Political science
일반주제명  
Public administration
키워드  
Boundary problem
키워드  
Democratic inclusion
키워드  
Non-electoral political representation
키워드  
Role obligations
키워드  
Duties
기타저자  
Harvard University Philosophy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■24510▼aRethinking  Non-Electoral  Political  Representation:  Roles,  Duties,  and  Democratic  Potential
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■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aMany  of  us  have  an  intuition  that  there  is  something  morally  suspect  about  being  spoken  for.  When  we  hear  others  make  claims  on  behalf  of  groups  to  which  we  belong,  for  example,  we  might  object,  "Who  are  they  to  speak  for  us?  For  me?"  The  stakes  seem  especially  acute  when  those  being  spoken  for  are  marginalized  and  oppressed  groups,  and  the  claims  at  issue  concern  matters  that  stand  to  have  a  significant  impact  on  political  interests  of  these  groups,  implicating  their  livelihoods,  health,  shelter,  safety,  and  access  to  basic  rights  and  liberties.  We  may  worry  that  these  actors  misrepresent  the  views  or  interests  of  those  they  are  representing  or  represent  them  in  the  wrong  way  or  to  the  wrong  audience  or  at  the  wrong  time.  In  light  of  these  moral  hazards,  philosophers  who  have  examined  this  practice  have  tended  to  approach  it  as  one  that  is  only  permissible  or  justified  when  or  to  the  extent  that  the  represented  need  it,  say,  because  they  suffer  from  political  injustices  of  various  kinds.  Accordingly,  they  have  tended  to  ascribe  duties  to  those  engaging  in  this  practice  which  reflect  a  concern  with  the  risk  that  these  actors  may,  through  their  acts  of  representation,  exacerbate  the  injustices  to  which  the  represented  groups  are  subject.  I  argue  that  such  an  approach  neglects  the  non-corrective  roles  this  practice  may  play,  and  also  mischaracterizes  the  nature  of  the  duties  one  has  while  engaging  in  the  practice.  By  lifting  these  presumptions,  we  may  more  fully  appreciate  the  positive  democratic  potential  of  the  practice  -  not  only  under  unjust  conditions  such  as  those  we  live  under  but  also  under  the  just  conditions  to  which  we  ought  to  aspire  -  without  thereby  denying,  and  addressing,  its  moral  hazards.In  this  dissertation,  I  will  offer  an  account  of  the  practice  that  I  have  been  describing  which  I  believe  better  captures  the  range  of  forms  this  practice  can  take,  the  range  of  roles  it  can  play,  and  the  range  of  duties  to  which  those  engaged  in  it  are  subject.  In  Chapter  1,  I  analyze  this  practice  as  a  form  of  non-electoral  political  representation.  I  introduce  the  concept  of  non-electoral  political  representation  and  show  how  it  developed  out  of  a  recognition  that  conventional  ways  of  thinking  about  political  representation  were  inadequate  for  capturing  the  range  of  forms  political  representation  can  take.  I  then  consider  how  dominant  accounts  of  non-electoral  political  representation  have  conceived  of  the  phenomenon.  I  argue  that  these  accounts'  conceptions  of  the  practice  fail  to  capture  all  of  the  cases  that  ought  to  be  of  concern  to  political  philosophers,  that  their  normative  accounts  of  the  practice  are  preoccupied  with  its  moral  hazards,  and  that  their  accounts  of  the  duties  associated  with  the  practice  misconceive  the  nature  of  these  duties,  in  part  due  to  a  continued  reliance  on  paradigms  inherited  from  what  I  call  the  Standard  View  of  political  representation.In  Chapter  2,  I  examine  the  question  of  what  role(s)  non-electoral  political  representatives  may  play  under  just  conditions,  as  well  as  under  unjust  ones.  Intervening  in  debates  on  the  boundary  problem,  or  the  problem  of  who  ought  to  be  included  in  the  demos  of  a  democratic  society,  I  identify  and  distinguish  between  claims  to  two  kinds  of  democratic  inclusion  -  one  kind  belonging  to  members  of  a  democratic  political  community  and  the  other  belonging  to  non-members  who  are  relevantly  affected  by  certain  decisions  of  the  community.  Non-electoral  political  representatives,  I  argue,  may  play  a  role  in  helping  satisfy  each  kind  of  claim  -  under  unjust  as  well  as  just  circumstances.  To  that  end,  they  do  have  a  valuable  corrective  role  to  play  in  helping  satisfy  the  inclusion  claims  of  those  whose  claims,  but  this  role  does  not  exhaust  their  positive  democratic  potential.In  Chapter  3,  I  consider  the  question  of  whether  there  is  ever  a  duty  to  engage  in  non-electoral  political  representation.  Building  on  the  takeaways  of  Chapter  2,  I  observe  that  non-electoral  political  representatives  may  play  a  valuable  role  in  promoting  just  institutions,  both  through  using  their  speech to  directly  help  satisfy  democratic  inclusion  claims  and  through  using  their  speech  to  promote  reform  of  just  institutions.  To  that  end,  engaging  in  non-electoral  political  representation  is  one  way  to  satisfy  the  natural  duty  to  promote  just  institutions.  However,  though  there  is  a  general  duty  to  promote  just  institutions,  there  is  no  specific  duty  to  engage  in  non-electoral  political  representation  as  a  means  to  that  end  -  though  particular  individuals  are  especially  well-positioned  to  promote  justice  in  this  way  in  virtue  of  their  social  positions.  That  said,  there  are  other  potential  sources  of  a  duty  to  engage  in  non-electoral  political  representation,  including  role  obligations  and  duties  of  beneficence,  which  have  been  neglected  by  normative  theorists  of  non-electoral  political  representation. In  Chapter  4,  I  consider  the  question  of  what  duties  govern  the  activity  of  non-electoral  political  representation.  Many  theorists  think  that  these  representatives  are  subject  to  certain  role  obligations,  specific  to  the  role  of  non-electoral  political  representative  and  applicable  to  all  instances  of  the  practice  -  a  view  I  take  to  be  a  holdover  from  theorizing  about  the  ethics  of  electoral  political  representation.  I  offer  an  account  of  these  duties  according  to  which  they  are  not  role-specific  duties  but  context-specific  iterations  of  the  ordinary  pro  tanto  moral  duty  all  moral  agents  have  to  avoid  foreseeably  harming  others  through  our  actions.  This  approach  to  the  question  of  non-electoral  political  representatives'  duties  has  the  virtue  of  generality,  in  that  it  better  captures  the  diversity  of  moral  hazards  that  may  arise  in  different  kinds  of  cases  of  non-electoral  political  representation  and  the  kinds  and  range  of  duties  they  may  trigger,  and  avoids  the  challenge  that  prevailing  views  face  in  identifying  an  appropriate  ground  for  role-specific  obligations  that  may  generalize  across  cases.In  Chapter  5,  I  address  six  of  what  I  take  to  be  the  most  challenging  objections  for  my  account.  In  responding  to  these  objections,  I  clarify  nuances  and  features  of  the  account  with  references  to  real-world  examples,  in  ways  that  bring  out  advantages  of  my  account  over  existing  attempts  to  theorize  the  practice  and  the  ethics  of  non-electoral  political  representation.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aPhilosophy
■650  4▼aPolitical  science
■650  4▼aPublic  administration
■653    ▼aBoundary  problem
■653    ▼aDemocratic  inclusion
■653    ▼aNon-electoral  political  representation
■653    ▼aRole  obligations
■653    ▼aDuties
■690    ▼a0422
■690    ▼a0617
■690    ▼a0615
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bPhilosophy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12A.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161008▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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