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Contrarian Hardly and the Approximative Adverbs
Contrarian Hardly and the Approximative Adverbs
Contrarian Hardly and the Approximative Adverbs

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151155
ISBN  
9798384057826
DDC  
401
저자명  
Pellino, Philip Barry.
서명/저자  
Contrarian Hardly and the Approximative Adverbs
발행사항  
[Sl] : Michigan State University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
196 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Buccola, Brian.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation is about an adverbial which I have named "Contrarian" HARDLY. It is a member of the family of approximative adverbs that includes: almost, barely, hardly, rarely, scarcely and nearly. "Contrarian" HARDLY is different from the approximative hardly in a variety of ways. First, it patterns very much like standard sentential negation and in fact, appears in many contexts to be paraphraseable by "no" or "not". For example, This banquet space is hardly ideal seems to mean that This banquet space is not ideal. Alternatively, approximative hardly often has the interpretation "close to not". For example, Lauren hardly answered any questions seems to mean that Lauren came close to not answering any questions. Despite their different meanings, I will argue that actually these lexical items are the same and that it is a unique confluence of grammatical properties which conspire such that the "Contrarian" HARDLY meaning arises. The dissertation begins with an extensive exposition of the empirical phenomena surrounding "Contrarian" HARDLY.Interestingly, "Contrarian" HARDLY has a different syntactic distribution in the clause and interacts with other syntactic items in ways which are different from approximative hardly. In order to account for this, I propose a unique Negation syntax based on den Dikken (2019). This syntactic approach treats morphological negation and semantic negation as distinct from each other, and allows Negation Phrases to take a stacked configuration. I show how this syntax can handle not only "Contrarian" HARDLY but the other negative approximatives. I also demonstrate how it can account for the Negative Concord involving negative approximatives which is attested in Appalachian and Southern American English. Ultimately, I defend the position that "Contrarian" HARDLY results when approximative hardly is merged into the Specifier position of NegP and is scoped over by an abstract negative operator which is adjoined at TP.The next part of the dissertation is about the semantics of these items. I first defend an Intensional (modal) approach to the approximative adverbs and argue that they combine with predicates and introduce a world argument w. I claim that their semantic specifications are only about the asserted content-traditionally called The Proximal component. This assertion pertains to the existence of a close possible world where the Truth value of the prejacent is the opposite to that in the evaluation world. I then show that what are often perceived of as modificational restrictions on the interactions of approximatives and predicates are in actuality failures in reasoning related to these modal projections.Next, I argue that the Polar component, the presuppositional-like content regarding the prejacent's Truth value in the world of evaluation, can be derived via "Presuppositional Exhaustification" (Bassi, Del Pinal, and Sauerland 2021). In order to do this, I utilize the method for Structural Alternative generation outlined in Trinh (2019). Subsequently, I demonstrate the character of approximatives under negation, showing specifically, that the far from it inference that characterizes "Contrarian" HARDLY is actually possible when other approximatives are negated. With all of these pieces in place, I demonstrate how "Contrarian" HARDLY is derived semantically. Afterward, I illustrate the true character of the Polarity associated with "Contrarian" HARDLY by exploring its Polarity Item interactions.Lastly, I address matters related to the Pragmatics of "Contrarian" HARDLY and the approximatives. I argue that much like Conditionals, utterances with approximatives are used by Speakers to draw an Addressee's attention to a Counterfactual proposal. However, in the case of the approximative, it is a Counterfactual proposal which can serve to make the world of the modal projection "close". I then discuss the character that this takes in discourse before turning to "Contrarian" HARDLY. In that case, I show how "Contrarian" HARDLY is used to engage in Disputative discourse with Interlocutors. I demonstrate its features of counter-expectancy and bias, and show how it is used under conditions very similar to Biased Questions. The primary goal of the discussion is to explicate the Discourse conditions (Context) which must exist regarding a Speaker's beliefs, the target proposition and the Common Ground, such that a "Contrarian" HARDLY utterance can be felicitous. The dissertation ends with some thoughts on future avenues of research.
일반주제명  
Linguistics
일반주제명  
Reading instruction
일반주제명  
Language arts
키워드  
Adverbs
키워드  
Almost
키워드  
Approximative hardly
키워드  
Hardly
키워드  
Semantics
키워드  
Syntax
기타저자  
Michigan State University Linguistics - Doctor of Philosophy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aPellino,  Philip  Barry.
■24510▼aContrarian  Hardly  and  the  Approximative  Adverbs
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bMichigan  State  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a196  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Buccola,  Brian.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Michigan  State  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  is  about  an  adverbial  which  I  have  named  "Contrarian"  HARDLY.  It  is  a  member  of  the  family  of  approximative  adverbs  that  includes:  almost,  barely,  hardly,  rarely,  scarcely  and  nearly.  "Contrarian"  HARDLY  is  different  from  the  approximative  hardly  in  a  variety  of  ways.  First,  it  patterns  very  much  like  standard  sentential  negation  and  in  fact,  appears  in  many  contexts  to  be  paraphraseable  by  "no"  or  "not".  For  example,  This  banquet  space  is  hardly  ideal  seems  to  mean  that  This  banquet  space  is  not  ideal.  Alternatively,  approximative  hardly  often  has  the  interpretation  "close  to  not".  For  example,  Lauren  hardly  answered  any  questions  seems  to  mean  that  Lauren  came  close  to  not  answering  any  questions.  Despite  their  different  meanings,  I  will  argue  that  actually  these  lexical  items  are  the  same  and  that  it  is  a  unique  confluence  of  grammatical  properties  which  conspire  such  that  the  "Contrarian"  HARDLY  meaning  arises.  The  dissertation  begins  with  an  extensive  exposition  of  the  empirical  phenomena  surrounding  "Contrarian"  HARDLY.Interestingly,  "Contrarian"  HARDLY  has  a  different  syntactic  distribution  in  the  clause  and  interacts  with  other  syntactic  items  in  ways  which  are  different  from  approximative  hardly.  In  order  to  account  for  this,  I  propose  a  unique  Negation  syntax  based  on  den  Dikken  (2019).  This  syntactic  approach  treats  morphological  negation  and  semantic  negation  as  distinct  from  each  other,  and  allows  Negation  Phrases  to  take  a  stacked  configuration.  I  show  how  this  syntax  can  handle  not  only  "Contrarian"  HARDLY  but  the  other  negative  approximatives.  I  also  demonstrate  how  it  can  account  for  the  Negative  Concord  involving  negative  approximatives  which  is  attested  in  Appalachian  and  Southern  American  English.  Ultimately,  I  defend  the  position  that  "Contrarian"  HARDLY  results  when  approximative  hardly  is  merged  into  the  Specifier  position  of  NegP  and  is  scoped  over  by  an  abstract  negative  operator  which  is  adjoined  at  TP.The  next  part  of  the  dissertation  is  about  the  semantics  of  these  items.  I  first  defend  an  Intensional  (modal)  approach  to  the  approximative  adverbs  and  argue  that  they  combine  with  predicates  and  introduce  a  world  argument  w.  I  claim  that  their  semantic  specifications  are  only  about  the  asserted  content-traditionally  called  The  Proximal  component.  This  assertion  pertains  to  the  existence  of  a  close  possible  world  where  the  Truth  value  of  the  prejacent  is  the  opposite  to  that  in  the  evaluation  world.  I  then  show  that  what  are  often  perceived  of  as  modificational  restrictions  on  the  interactions  of  approximatives  and  predicates  are  in  actuality  failures  in  reasoning  related  to  these  modal  projections.Next,  I  argue  that  the  Polar  component,  the  presuppositional-like  content  regarding  the  prejacent's  Truth  value  in  the  world  of  evaluation,  can  be  derived  via  "Presuppositional  Exhaustification"  (Bassi,  Del  Pinal,  and  Sauerland  2021).  In  order  to  do  this,  I  utilize  the  method  for  Structural  Alternative  generation  outlined  in  Trinh  (2019).  Subsequently,  I  demonstrate  the  character  of  approximatives  under  negation,  showing  specifically,  that  the  far  from  it  inference  that  characterizes  "Contrarian"  HARDLY  is  actually  possible  when  other  approximatives  are  negated.  With  all  of  these  pieces  in  place,  I  demonstrate  how  "Contrarian"  HARDLY  is  derived  semantically.  Afterward,  I  illustrate  the  true  character  of  the  Polarity  associated  with  "Contrarian"  HARDLY  by  exploring  its  Polarity  Item  interactions.Lastly,  I  address  matters  related  to  the  Pragmatics  of  "Contrarian"  HARDLY  and  the  approximatives.  I  argue  that  much  like  Conditionals,  utterances  with  approximatives  are  used  by  Speakers  to  draw  an  Addressee's  attention  to  a  Counterfactual  proposal.  However,  in  the  case  of  the  approximative,  it  is  a  Counterfactual  proposal  which  can  serve  to  make  the  world  of  the  modal  projection  "close".  I  then  discuss  the  character  that  this  takes  in  discourse  before  turning  to  "Contrarian"  HARDLY.  In  that  case,  I  show  how  "Contrarian"  HARDLY  is  used  to  engage  in  Disputative  discourse  with  Interlocutors.  I  demonstrate  its  features  of  counter-expectancy  and  bias,  and  show  how  it  is  used  under  conditions  very  similar  to  Biased  Questions.  The  primary  goal  of  the  discussion  is  to  explicate  the  Discourse  conditions  (Context)  which  must  exist  regarding  a  Speaker's  beliefs,  the  target  proposition  and  the  Common  Ground,  such  that  a  "Contrarian"  HARDLY  utterance  can  be  felicitous.  The  dissertation  ends  with  some  thoughts  on  future  avenues  of  research.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0128.
■650  4▼aLinguistics
■650  4▼aReading  instruction
■650  4▼aLanguage  arts
■653    ▼aAdverbs
■653    ▼aAlmost
■653    ▼aApproximative  hardly
■653    ▼aHardly
■653    ▼aSemantics
■653    ▼aSyntax
■690    ▼a0290
■690    ▼a0279
■690    ▼a0535
■71020▼aMichigan  State  University▼bLinguistics  -  Doctor  of  Philosophy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03A.
■790    ▼a0128
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161050▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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