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Automated Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Using Fast Dose and Fluence Calculations and Reinforcement Learning
Automated Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Using Fast Dose and Fluence Calcula...
Automated Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Using Fast Dose and Fluence Calculations and Reinforcement Learning

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211150947
ISBN  
9798382734446
DDC  
530
저자명  
Stephens, Hunter.
서명/저자  
Automated Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Using Fast Dose and Fluence Calculations and Reinforcement Learning
발행사항  
[Sl] : Duke University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
152 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Wu, Q. Jackie;Wu, Qiuwen;Oldham, Mark.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duke University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Ionizing radiation is a powerful tool in the fight against cancer. Its potentially lethal effect on cells can halt or even irradicate tumor growth by destroying malignant tumor cells. This is a positive effect on unwanted tumors, but a negative one for surrounding healthy tissue. The goal of radiation therapy is to irradiate a tumor with a dosage as close to the desired amount as possible while sparing the healthy surrounding tissue. Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) gives the ability to shape a dose distribution through modulating the intensity of the radiation field at different points. This creates a 2D intensity pattern that is linked to a 3D dose distribution through the transport of radiation through the patient. Determining this intensity pattern is a highly coupled numerical optimization problem that relies on a set of objective inputs. These inputs are determined by a human planner and iteratively updated to reach an optimal plan to be delivered to the patient. These constraints depend on the treatment site and may vary based on the patient anatomy. Determining these constraints is a time-consuming problem for cases involving the Pancreas or in the Head and Neck region. For the Pancreas, several gastrointestinal (GI) structures, namely the Stomach, Bowel, and C-Loop, are usually nestled closely to the tumor. This introduces a tradeoff between providing a necessary dose to the target or completely preserving those important organs. The Head and Neck region also poses problems in sparing organs proximal to the tumor such as the parotid glands and oral cavity. Head and neck tumors can also be very large and asymmetric with large overlaps with surrounding organs at risk.The goal of this thesis was to develop and to investigate a framework for automated treatment planning. This involves being able to calculate the dose and optimal fluence and developing a machine learning model to create relevant optimization structures and set constraints. The steps for the thesis are as follows. (i) First, a dose calculation algorithm was developed that is computationally cheap. Machine learning algorithms will rely on numerous calculations of the dose and thus it must be fast and lightweight. There are many commercial algorithms available, but for these purposes it is best to develop a custom engine specifically for the task at hand to minimize cost. This was accomplished by using an analytical definition of a finite-sized pencil beam model parameterized for both depth and off-axis distance and fitted to the beams used in delivering treatment. The addition of variable kernel width was added in to reduce computational cost in both the speed and storage of the calculation. (ii) Second, an optimization engine was developed to quickly find an optimal fluence map given a constraint set. The optimization problem relies on knowing the absorbed dose from a finite sized beamlet to a specific point for all points and beamlets. This is quite expensive, and work must be done to reduce this cost. Analysis was performed to ascertain the effect the cost reduction techniques introduced into the dose calculation would have on the optimization problem. The optimization algorithm was then evaluated to determine the optimal kernel truncation length. (iii) The problem of handling overlapping structures with contrasting constraints has been formulated in a way that an auto-planning system can handle. Pancreas SBRT plans with a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) are good example of this situation. Previous auto-planning frameworks were modified to specifically deal with the dose gradient around these proximal regions. A reinforcement learning agent was then trained to plan for these scenarios. (iv) Finally, the coupling of plan states and potential actions has been elucidated for determining the control points for structure's volume effect constraints. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) along with geometric properties such as inflection points and points of maximum curvature were used to correlate the states of a dose-volume histogram to control actions. This was studied and implemented into the beginnings of an automated treatment planning system and demonstrated with Head and Neck cases. The system's state and action transition probabilities were also investigated to ascertain the stability of the learning process and to ensure the state definition was complete and satisfied the properties of a Markov decision process. The automated system was tested to ascertain the ability of the computer agent to learn how to plan with multiple goals and was shown to be capable of learning techniques providing a foundation for computer automated and aided planning.
일반주제명  
Physics
일반주제명  
Nuclear physics
일반주제명  
Oncology
일반주제명  
Biophysics
키워드  
Automated treatment planning
키워드  
Radiation physics
키워드  
Reinforcement learning
키워드  
Modulated Radiation Therapy
키워드  
Gastrointestinal
기타저자  
Duke University Medical Physics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30992652
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■1001  ▼aStephens,  Hunter.
■24510▼aAutomated  Intensity  Modulated  Radiation  Therapy  (IMRT)  Using  Fast  Dose  and  Fluence  Calculations  and  Reinforcement  Learning
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bDuke  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a152  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Wu,  Q.  Jackie;Wu,  Qiuwen;Oldham,  Mark.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Duke  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aIonizing  radiation  is  a  powerful  tool  in  the  fight  against  cancer.  Its  potentially  lethal  effect  on  cells  can  halt  or  even  irradicate  tumor  growth  by  destroying  malignant  tumor  cells.  This  is  a  positive  effect  on  unwanted  tumors,  but  a  negative  one  for  surrounding  healthy  tissue.  The  goal  of  radiation  therapy  is  to  irradiate  a  tumor  with  a  dosage  as  close  to  the  desired  amount  as  possible  while  sparing  the  healthy  surrounding  tissue.  Intensity  Modulated  Radiation  Therapy  (IMRT)  gives  the  ability  to  shape  a  dose  distribution  through  modulating  the  intensity  of  the  radiation  field  at  different  points.  This  creates  a  2D  intensity  pattern  that  is  linked  to  a  3D  dose  distribution  through  the  transport  of  radiation  through  the  patient.  Determining  this  intensity  pattern  is  a  highly  coupled  numerical  optimization  problem  that  relies  on  a  set  of  objective  inputs.  These  inputs  are  determined  by  a  human  planner  and  iteratively  updated  to  reach  an  optimal  plan  to  be  delivered  to  the  patient.  These  constraints  depend  on  the  treatment  site  and  may  vary  based  on  the  patient  anatomy.  Determining  these  constraints  is  a  time-consuming  problem  for  cases  involving  the  Pancreas  or  in  the  Head  and  Neck  region.  For  the  Pancreas,  several  gastrointestinal  (GI)  structures,  namely  the  Stomach,  Bowel,  and  C-Loop,  are  usually  nestled  closely  to  the  tumor.  This  introduces  a  tradeoff  between  providing  a  necessary  dose  to  the  target  or  completely  preserving  those  important  organs.  The  Head  and  Neck  region  also  poses  problems  in  sparing  organs  proximal  to  the  tumor  such  as  the  parotid  glands  and  oral  cavity.  Head  and  neck  tumors  can  also  be  very  large  and  asymmetric  with  large  overlaps  with  surrounding  organs  at  risk.The  goal  of  this  thesis  was  to  develop  and  to  investigate  a  framework  for  automated  treatment  planning.  This  involves  being  able  to  calculate  the  dose  and  optimal  fluence  and  developing  a  machine  learning  model  to  create  relevant  optimization  structures  and  set  constraints.  The  steps  for  the  thesis  are  as  follows.  (i)  First,  a  dose  calculation  algorithm  was  developed  that  is  computationally  cheap.  Machine  learning  algorithms  will  rely  on  numerous  calculations  of  the  dose  and  thus  it  must  be  fast  and  lightweight.  There  are  many  commercial  algorithms  available,  but  for  these  purposes  it  is  best  to  develop  a  custom  engine  specifically  for  the  task  at  hand  to  minimize  cost.  This  was  accomplished  by  using  an  analytical  definition  of  a  finite-sized  pencil  beam  model  parameterized  for  both  depth  and  off-axis  distance  and  fitted  to  the  beams  used  in  delivering  treatment.  The  addition  of  variable  kernel  width  was  added  in  to  reduce  computational  cost  in  both  the  speed  and  storage  of  the  calculation.  (ii)  Second,  an  optimization  engine  was  developed  to  quickly  find  an  optimal  fluence  map  given  a  constraint  set.  The  optimization  problem  relies  on  knowing  the  absorbed  dose  from  a  finite  sized  beamlet  to  a  specific  point  for  all  points  and  beamlets.  This  is  quite  expensive,  and  work  must  be  done  to  reduce  this  cost.  Analysis  was  performed  to  ascertain  the  effect  the  cost  reduction  techniques  introduced  into  the  dose  calculation  would  have  on  the  optimization  problem.  The  optimization  algorithm  was  then  evaluated  to  determine  the  optimal  kernel  truncation  length.  (iii)  The  problem  of  handling  overlapping  structures  with  contrasting  constraints  has  been  formulated  in  a  way  that  an  auto-planning  system  can  handle.  Pancreas  SBRT  plans  with  a  simultaneous  integrated  boost  (SIB)  are  good  example  of  this  situation.  Previous  auto-planning  frameworks  were  modified  to  specifically  deal  with  the  dose  gradient  around  these  proximal  regions.  A  reinforcement  learning  agent  was  then  trained  to  plan  for  these  scenarios.  (iv)  Finally,  the  coupling  of  plan  states  and  potential  actions  has  been  elucidated  for  determining  the  control  points  for  structure's  volume  effect  constraints.  Principal  Component  Analysis  (PCA)  along  with  geometric  properties  such  as  inflection  points  and  points  of  maximum  curvature  were  used  to  correlate  the  states  of  a  dose-volume  histogram  to  control  actions.  This  was  studied  and  implemented  into  the  beginnings  of  an  automated  treatment  planning  system  and  demonstrated  with  Head  and  Neck  cases.  The  system's  state  and  action  transition  probabilities  were  also  investigated  to  ascertain  the  stability  of  the  learning  process  and  to  ensure  the  state  definition  was  complete  and  satisfied  the  properties  of  a  Markov  decision  process.  The  automated  system  was  tested  to  ascertain  the  ability  of  the  computer  agent  to  learn  how  to  plan  with  multiple  goals  and  was  shown  to  be  capable  of  learning  techniques  providing  a  foundation  for  computer  automated  and  aided  planning.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0066.
■650  4▼aPhysics
■650  4▼aNuclear  physics
■650  4▼aOncology
■650  4▼aBiophysics
■653    ▼aAutomated  treatment  planning
■653    ▼aRadiation  physics
■653    ▼aReinforcement  learning
■653    ▼aModulated  Radiation  Therapy
■653    ▼aGastrointestinal
■690    ▼a0605
■690    ▼a0786
■690    ▼a0992
■690    ▼a0756
■71020▼aDuke  University▼bMedical  Physics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-11B.
■790    ▼a0066
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160272▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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