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Dissecting the Clinical Significance of Evolving Pathogen Diversity
Dissecting the Clinical Significance of Evolving Pathogen Diversity
Dissecting the Clinical Significance of Evolving Pathogen Diversity

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151006
ISBN  
9798382211510
DDC  
575
저자명  
Wagner, Cassia.
서명/저자  
Dissecting the Clinical Significance of Evolving Pathogen Diversity
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Washington, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
167 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-10, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Bedford, Trevor.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약A diversity of pathogens threaten human health. These pathogens include eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses, together encompassing significant variation in their biology. Some have newly emerged in humans, like the RNA virus SARS-CoV-2, while others, like the protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum, have circulated in humans for thousands of years. Despite their differences, a common theme among successful pathogens is an ability to evolve to evade our immune responses and control efforts. With the revolution of nucleic acid sequencing over the past 20 years, pathogen genomics can now track evolution in real-time. Genomic methods allow us to determine if pathogen genetic diversity is a benign product of mutation and population dynamics, or if it represents adaptation of the pathogen to better survive. We can further quantify the impact of genetic diversity on disease severity and immune escape by combining sequence data with clinical metadata. In this thesis, I first describe my research using viral genomes and clinical records in Washington State to identify increased SARS-CoV-2 viral loads with the spike D614G mutation, but no alteration in disease severity. 614G was the first amino acid mutation to occur in spike, the receptor-binding protein which mediates entry into cells and is the primary target of protective immunity. At that time in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we did not know if SARS-CoV-2 would evolve to increase its transmissibility, and this work was an early contribution to our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 evolution. This thesis also describes later work using SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Washington State and millions from around the globe to identify positive selection for a different mutation: ORF8 knockout. Much of SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance is focused on single nucleotide substitutions in spike, but this work showed how mutations, including deletions, in other parts of the genome can alter pathogen fitness. I also identify decreased hospitalizations and deaths associated with this mutation, illustrating the diverse impact of pathogen evolution on disease severity. The final section of this thesis describes my work using sequence data to understand the impact of previously evolved genetic diversity in P. falciparum on malaria outcomes. Specifically, I aim to use sequencing to understand how the genetic breadth of P. falciparum antigens impacts the development of immunity to malaria using longitudinal samples from a birth cohort in Uganda. I find limited evidence of improved disease outcomes with increasing infection number or antigen-specific exposures in the cohort data. However, I use a longitudinal model of P. falciparum that I built to demonstrate that the lack of signal results from sample collection and study design and is not necessarily biologically meaningful. I further use the model to determine how parasite sequencing can be effectively applied to answer key questions in malaria immunity. This thesis, like the pathogens it describes, covers a diversity of topics; in so doing, it demonstrates the power of pathogen genomics across a wide range of settings to understand continual pathogen evolution and its consequences on human health.
일반주제명  
Genetics
일반주제명  
Microbiology
일반주제명  
Epidemiology
일반주제명  
Pathology
일반주제명  
Evolution & development
키워드  
Genomics
키워드  
P. falciparum
키워드  
Pathogens
키워드  
SARS-CoV-2
기타저자  
University of Washington Genome Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-10B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aWagner,  Cassia.
■24510▼aDissecting  the  Clinical  Significance  of  Evolving  Pathogen  Diversity
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Washington▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a167  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-10,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Bedford,  Trevor.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Washington,  2024.
■520    ▼aA  diversity  of  pathogens  threaten  human  health.  These  pathogens  include  eukaryotes,  prokaryotes,  and  viruses,  together  encompassing  significant  variation  in  their  biology.  Some  have  newly  emerged  in  humans,  like  the  RNA  virus  SARS-CoV-2,  while  others,  like  the  protozoan  parasite  Plasmodium  falciparum,  have  circulated  in  humans  for  thousands  of  years.  Despite  their  differences,  a  common  theme  among  successful  pathogens  is  an  ability  to  evolve  to  evade  our  immune  responses  and  control  efforts.  With  the  revolution  of  nucleic  acid  sequencing  over  the  past  20  years,  pathogen  genomics  can  now  track  evolution  in  real-time.  Genomic  methods  allow  us  to  determine  if  pathogen  genetic  diversity  is  a  benign  product  of  mutation  and  population  dynamics,  or  if  it  represents  adaptation  of  the  pathogen  to  better  survive.  We  can  further  quantify  the  impact  of  genetic  diversity  on  disease  severity  and  immune  escape  by  combining  sequence  data  with  clinical  metadata.  In  this  thesis,  I  first  describe  my  research  using  viral  genomes  and  clinical  records  in  Washington  State  to  identify  increased  SARS-CoV-2  viral  loads  with  the  spike  D614G  mutation,  but  no  alteration  in  disease  severity.  614G  was  the  first  amino  acid  mutation  to  occur  in  spike,  the  receptor-binding  protein  which  mediates  entry  into  cells  and  is  the  primary  target  of  protective  immunity.  At  that  time  in  the  SARS-CoV-2  pandemic,  we  did  not  know  if  SARS-CoV-2  would  evolve  to  increase  its  transmissibility,  and  this  work  was  an  early  contribution  to  our  understanding  of  SARS-CoV-2  evolution.  This  thesis  also  describes  later  work  using  SARS-CoV-2  genomes  from  Washington  State  and  millions  from  around  the  globe  to  identify  positive  selection  for  a  different  mutation:  ORF8  knockout.  Much  of  SARS-CoV-2  genomic  surveillance  is  focused  on  single  nucleotide  substitutions  in  spike,  but  this  work  showed  how  mutations,  including  deletions,  in  other  parts  of  the  genome  can  alter  pathogen  fitness.  I  also  identify  decreased  hospitalizations  and  deaths  associated  with  this  mutation,  illustrating  the  diverse  impact  of  pathogen  evolution  on  disease  severity.  The  final  section  of  this  thesis  describes  my  work  using  sequence  data  to  understand  the  impact  of  previously  evolved  genetic  diversity  in  P.  falciparum  on  malaria  outcomes.  Specifically,  I  aim  to  use  sequencing  to  understand  how  the  genetic  breadth  of  P.  falciparum  antigens  impacts  the  development  of  immunity  to  malaria  using  longitudinal  samples  from  a  birth  cohort  in  Uganda.  I  find  limited  evidence  of  improved  disease  outcomes  with  increasing  infection  number  or  antigen-specific  exposures  in  the  cohort  data.  However,  I  use  a  longitudinal  model  of  P.  falciparum  that  I  built  to  demonstrate  that  the  lack  of  signal  results  from  sample  collection  and  study  design  and  is  not  necessarily  biologically  meaningful.  I  further  use  the  model  to  determine  how  parasite  sequencing  can  be  effectively  applied  to  answer  key  questions  in  malaria  immunity.  This  thesis,  like  the  pathogens  it  describes,  covers  a  diversity  of  topics;  in  so  doing,  it  demonstrates  the  power  of  pathogen  genomics  across  a  wide  range  of  settings  to  understand  continual  pathogen  evolution  and  its  consequences  on  human  health.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0250.
■650  4▼aGenetics
■650  4▼aMicrobiology
■650  4▼aEpidemiology
■650  4▼aPathology
■650  4▼aEvolution  &  development
■653    ▼aGenomics
■653    ▼aP.  falciparum
■653    ▼aPathogens
■653    ▼aSARS-CoV-2
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0410
■690    ▼a0766
■690    ▼a0412
■690    ▼a0571
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Washington▼bGenome  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-10B.
■790    ▼a0250
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160371▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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