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Agriculture in a Changing Climate: Applications of Machine Learning and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Adaptation
Agriculture in a Changing Climate: Applications of Machine Learning and Remote Sensing for...
Agriculture in a Changing Climate: Applications of Machine Learning and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Adaptation

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211153046
ISBN  
9798346764663
DDC  
550
저자명  
Smythe, Isabella.
서명/저자  
Agriculture in a Changing Climate: Applications of Machine Learning and Remote Sensing for Measurement and Adaptation
발행사항  
[Sl] : Columbia University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
156 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-06, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Schlenker, Wolfram.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약This work considers how large-scale datasets and novel machine learning methods can be applied to challenges in climate and sustainability, with a particular focus on agriculture. Effectively leveraging these advancements for sustainable development research requires answering two questions: first, how can complex data be translated into useful and accurate information? And second, under what circumstances does this information offer real insight into an important problem? In answer to the second of these questions, the research in the three chapters of this dissertation falls broadly into one of two categories: problems for which high spatial- or temporal-resolution data is necessary but infeasible to collect at scale (Chapters 1 and 3); and problems for which the structure of relationships between features and outcomes is complex, with important non-linearities, interactions, or other nuances that may be overlooked by traditional approaches (Chapters 1 and 2).Both such categories of problem are common in the domain of agriculture, an industry which is critical for food security and economic well-being, but highly susceptible to fluctuations in weather and climate. In Chapter 1, I introduce and validate a method for creating high-resolution estimates of planting and harvest dates for United States crops with satellite imagery. This data is an important input for many research applications, but is only tracked at the state level. The resulting dataset is then used to generate more accurate measures of the weather conditions crops are exposed to during their growing season, and thus more precise estimates of how these conditions impact yields. These estimates suggest a 17% larger impact of extreme heat (29C) on crop yields than previously documented, with substantial variation in heat sensitivity over the course of the growing season. However, the overall impact of increased temperatures is partially offset by a reduced estimate of growing season duration and a 276% increase in the estimated benefits of warm (10-29C) temperatures. Finally, I present novel evidence that farmers use early planting as a form of adaptation to warming, with planting dates shifting earlier by 0.13 days for each additional 30C day during the growing season.Chapter 2 presents an even more flexible formulation for estimating US crop yields. I introduce a deep learning model that predicts yields directly from daily weather data, and show that it reduces out-of-sample error by 10.7% relative to standard linear modeling approaches. Using interpretable machine learning techniques, I demonstrate that this model learns a number of nuanced patterns consistent with expectations from agronomic theory, including spatial and geographic variation, interactions between weather features, and nonlinearity over weather feature values. Over several simulations, these models estimate future impacts of warming that are two to three times less severe than prior modeling approaches would suggest. However, the complexities of causal identification with highly flexible models mean that these results must be interpreted with caution; primarily, they suggest that estimates of climate impacts may be highly sensitive to feature selection, and to precise trends in warming over the course of the growing season.Finally, Chapter 3 turns to smallholder farms in Kenya, as part of research done with support from Atlas AI. A collection of approaches for real-time yield monitoring at the field level are introduced and tested, using satellite-based assessment of vegetation health. I discuss a remotely-sensed proxy for crop yields for use in environments where reliable ground truth data is unavailable, and present a model that can capture 73.5% of variation in this yield proxy by roughly 6 weeks post-planting. A range of approaches are evaluated for incorporating location- and crop-specific features, handling low volumes of training data, and adjusting for variable timing of satellite imagery collection.Taken together, these chapters demonstrate the value of remote sensing and machine learning for understanding the impacts of climate on crops and identifying strategies for adaptation. They also emphasize the complementarity between novel machine learning approaches and traditional statistical and economic methods: in Chapter 1, for example, satellite imagery is used to generate a novel dataset for analysis with more standard models; and in Chapter 2, I present a non-parametric approach to feature discovery for future causal inference work. Finally, these chapters demonstrate that estimates of climate impacts can be highly sensitive to what features are used and how they are encoded; this underscores the importance of careful consideration in constructing accurate feature inputs, and caution in interpreting the results of any one model.
일반주제명  
Environmental studies
일반주제명  
Computer science
일반주제명  
Agriculture
일반주제명  
Remote sensing
일반주제명  
Climate change
키워드  
Climate adaptation
키워드  
Machine learning
키워드  
Economic methods
키워드  
Growing season
기타저자  
Columbia University Sustainable Development
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-06B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aSmythe,  Isabella.
■24510▼aAgriculture  in  a  Changing  Climate:  Applications  of  Machine  Learning  and  Remote  Sensing  for  Measurement  and  Adaptation
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bColumbia  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a156  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-06,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Schlenker,  Wolfram.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Columbia  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThis  work  considers  how  large-scale  datasets  and  novel  machine  learning  methods  can  be  applied  to  challenges  in  climate  and  sustainability,  with  a  particular  focus  on  agriculture.  Effectively  leveraging  these  advancements  for  sustainable  development  research  requires  answering  two  questions:  first,  how  can  complex  data  be  translated  into  useful  and  accurate  information?  And  second,  under  what  circumstances  does  this  information  offer  real  insight  into  an  important  problem?  In  answer  to  the  second  of  these  questions,  the  research  in  the  three  chapters  of  this  dissertation  falls  broadly  into  one  of  two  categories:  problems  for  which  high  spatial-  or  temporal-resolution  data  is  necessary  but  infeasible  to  collect  at  scale  (Chapters  1  and  3);  and  problems  for  which  the  structure  of  relationships  between  features  and  outcomes  is  complex,  with  important  non-linearities,  interactions,  or  other  nuances  that  may  be  overlooked  by  traditional  approaches  (Chapters  1  and  2).Both  such  categories  of  problem  are  common  in  the  domain  of  agriculture,  an  industry  which  is  critical  for  food  security  and  economic  well-being,  but  highly  susceptible  to  fluctuations  in  weather  and  climate.  In  Chapter  1,  I  introduce  and  validate  a  method  for  creating  high-resolution  estimates  of  planting  and  harvest  dates  for  United  States  crops  with  satellite  imagery.  This  data  is  an  important  input  for  many  research  applications,  but  is  only  tracked  at  the  state  level.  The  resulting  dataset  is  then  used  to  generate  more  accurate  measures  of  the  weather  conditions  crops  are  exposed  to  during  their  growing  season,  and  thus  more  precise  estimates  of  how  these  conditions  impact  yields.  These  estimates  suggest  a  17%  larger  impact  of  extreme  heat  (29C)  on  crop  yields  than  previously  documented,  with  substantial  variation  in  heat  sensitivity  over  the  course  of  the  growing  season.  However,  the  overall  impact  of  increased  temperatures  is  partially  offset  by  a  reduced  estimate  of  growing  season  duration  and  a  276%  increase  in  the  estimated  benefits  of  warm  (10-29C)  temperatures.  Finally,  I  present  novel  evidence  that  farmers  use  early  planting  as  a  form  of  adaptation  to  warming,  with  planting  dates  shifting  earlier  by  0.13  days  for  each  additional  30C  day  during  the  growing  season.Chapter  2  presents  an  even  more  flexible  formulation  for  estimating  US  crop  yields.  I  introduce  a  deep  learning  model  that  predicts  yields  directly  from  daily  weather  data,  and  show  that  it  reduces  out-of-sample  error  by  10.7%  relative  to  standard  linear  modeling  approaches.  Using  interpretable  machine  learning  techniques,  I  demonstrate  that  this  model  learns  a  number  of  nuanced  patterns  consistent  with  expectations  from  agronomic  theory,  including  spatial  and  geographic  variation,  interactions  between  weather  features,  and  nonlinearity  over  weather  feature  values.  Over  several  simulations,  these  models  estimate  future  impacts  of  warming  that  are  two  to  three  times  less  severe  than  prior  modeling  approaches  would  suggest.  However,  the  complexities  of  causal  identification  with  highly  flexible  models  mean  that  these  results  must  be  interpreted  with  caution;  primarily,  they  suggest  that  estimates  of  climate  impacts  may  be  highly  sensitive  to  feature  selection,  and  to  precise  trends  in  warming  over  the  course  of  the  growing  season.Finally,  Chapter  3  turns  to  smallholder  farms  in  Kenya,  as  part  of  research  done  with  support  from  Atlas  AI.  A  collection  of  approaches  for  real-time  yield  monitoring  at  the  field  level  are  introduced  and  tested,  using  satellite-based  assessment  of  vegetation  health.  I  discuss  a  remotely-sensed  proxy  for  crop  yields  for  use  in  environments  where  reliable  ground  truth  data  is  unavailable,  and  present  a  model  that  can  capture  73.5%  of  variation  in  this  yield  proxy  by  roughly  6  weeks  post-planting.  A  range  of  approaches  are  evaluated  for  incorporating  location-  and  crop-specific  features,  handling  low  volumes  of  training  data,  and  adjusting  for  variable  timing  of  satellite  imagery  collection.Taken  together,  these  chapters  demonstrate  the  value  of  remote  sensing  and  machine  learning  for  understanding  the  impacts  of  climate  on  crops  and  identifying  strategies  for  adaptation.  They  also  emphasize  the  complementarity  between  novel  machine  learning  approaches  and  traditional  statistical  and  economic  methods:  in  Chapter  1,  for  example,  satellite  imagery  is  used  to  generate  a  novel  dataset  for  analysis  with  more  standard  models;  and  in  Chapter  2,  I  present  a  non-parametric  approach  to  feature  discovery  for  future  causal  inference  work.  Finally,  these  chapters  demonstrate  that  estimates  of  climate  impacts  can  be  highly  sensitive  to  what  features  are  used  and  how  they  are  encoded;  this  underscores  the  importance  of  careful  consideration  in  constructing  accurate  feature  inputs,  and  caution  in  interpreting  the  results  of  any  one  model.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0054.
■650  4▼aEnvironmental  studies
■650  4▼aComputer  science
■650  4▼aAgriculture
■650  4▼aRemote  sensing
■650  4▼aClimate  change
■653    ▼aClimate  adaptation
■653    ▼aMachine  learning
■653    ▼aEconomic  methods
■653    ▼aGrowing  season
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0477
■690    ▼a0984
■690    ▼a0404
■690    ▼a0799
■690    ▼a0473
■71020▼aColumbia  University▼bSustainable  Development.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-06B.
■790    ▼a0054
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164787▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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