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Mechanisms of Translational Regulation in Mitochondria
Mechanisms of Translational Regulation in Mitochondria
Mechanisms of Translational Regulation in Mitochondria

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152822
ISBN  
9798346567516
DDC  
575
저자명  
Bridgers, Joseph Benjamin.
서명/저자  
Mechanisms of Translational Regulation in Mitochondria
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
110 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Churchman, L. Stirling.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약The mitochondrial genome of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes seven components of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) machinery, which are synthesized by specialized mitochondrial ribosomes. These OXPHOS components are required to generate ATP, the main source of cellular energy. Nuclear-encoded mitochondrial translational regulators activate or repress translation of mitochondrial mRNAs in a transcript-specific manner. Very little is known about the molecular details of how and when these translational regulators interact with the mitoribosome during the translation cycle.I developed selective mitochondrial ribosome profiling (sel-mitoRP) to study the interactions of translational regulators with the mitoribosome at near-codon resolution. I applied sel-mitoRP to several translational activators (TAs). I found that most of the TAs studied are specifically enriched on mitoribosomes translating their target transcript. Within a given target transcript, the TAs exhibit the highest levels of enrichment in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) just upstream of the start codon. I hypothesized that the TAs bind to the 5' UTR of their target transcript to position the mitoribosome at the start codon so that translation initiation can occur. We validated our hypothesis by purifying mitoribosomes stalled at initiation and solving two cryo-EM structures. The first of these two structures revealed a heterotrimeric complex of the three activators of ATP9 (Aep1, Aep2, and Atp25) bound to the small subunit of the mitoribosome at the mRNA exit channel. An mRNA density corresponding to the 5' UTR of ATP9 can be visualized exiting the mitoribosome and wrapping around the ATP9 TA complex. The second class of particles in our stalled initiation complex contained Aep3, the translational activator of ATP8, bound to the small subunit at the mRNA exit channel. We can also resolve mRNA density representing the 5' UTR of ATP8 wrapping around Aep3. Both of these structures validate our hypothesis that TAs bind to the 5' UTR of the target transcript and engage with mitoribosomes at initiation to help position them at the start codon.Finally, I studied the co-translational interactions of Smt1, the translational repressor of ATP6/8, and Oxa1, the mitochondrial inner membrane insertase. I found that Smt1 was enriched during translation elongation of ATP6/8, binding to the ribosome only following the depletion of ATP6/8 TAs. Oxa1 was previously thought to be constitutively bound to the mitoribosome through a C-terminal ribosome binding domain. Sel-mitoRP for Oxa1 revealed that Oxa1 engagement with the mitoribosome is much more dynamic than was previously appreciated. Oxa1 only engaged with the mitoribosome following emergence of the transmembrane domains of its client proteins. Interestingly, Oxa1 enrichment also coincided with the depletion of many TAs from the mitoribosome. We propose that membrane insertion promotes release of TAs from the elongating mitoribosome.These studies offer molecular insight into how translation activation and co-translational protein insertion are regulated in mitochondria. This work establishes sel-mitoRP as a versatile tool to study multiple aspects of mitochondrial translational regulation. Future work will utilize sel-mitoRP to study translational regulators and insertases in human cells.
일반주제명  
Genetics
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
키워드  
Mitochondria
키워드  
Ribosome profiling
키워드  
Structural biology
키워드  
Translational activators
키워드  
Translational repressors
키워드  
Yeast
기타저자  
Harvard University Medical Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-05B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a575
■1001  ▼aBridgers,  Joseph  Benjamin.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-0585-4131
■24510▼aMechanisms  of  Translational  Regulation  in  Mitochondria
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a110  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Churchman,  L.  Stirling.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  mitochondrial  genome  of  the  budding  yeast  Saccharomyces  cerevisiae  encodes  seven  components  of  the  oxidative  phosphorylation  (OXPHOS)  machinery,  which  are  synthesized  by  specialized  mitochondrial  ribosomes.  These  OXPHOS  components  are  required  to  generate  ATP,  the  main  source  of  cellular  energy.  Nuclear-encoded  mitochondrial  translational  regulators  activate  or  repress  translation  of  mitochondrial  mRNAs  in  a  transcript-specific  manner.  Very  little  is  known  about  the  molecular  details  of  how  and  when  these  translational  regulators  interact  with  the  mitoribosome  during  the  translation  cycle.I  developed  selective  mitochondrial  ribosome  profiling  (sel-mitoRP)  to  study  the  interactions  of  translational  regulators  with  the  mitoribosome  at  near-codon  resolution.  I  applied  sel-mitoRP  to  several  translational  activators  (TAs).  I  found  that  most  of  the  TAs  studied  are  specifically  enriched  on  mitoribosomes  translating  their  target  transcript.  Within  a  given  target  transcript,  the  TAs  exhibit  the  highest  levels  of  enrichment  in  the  5'  untranslated  region  (UTR)  just  upstream  of  the  start  codon.  I  hypothesized  that  the  TAs  bind  to  the  5'  UTR  of  their  target  transcript  to  position  the  mitoribosome  at  the  start  codon  so  that  translation  initiation  can  occur.  We  validated  our  hypothesis  by  purifying  mitoribosomes  stalled  at  initiation  and  solving  two  cryo-EM  structures.  The  first  of  these  two  structures  revealed  a  heterotrimeric  complex  of  the  three  activators  of  ATP9  (Aep1,  Aep2,  and  Atp25)  bound  to  the  small  subunit  of  the  mitoribosome  at  the  mRNA  exit  channel.  An  mRNA  density  corresponding  to  the  5'  UTR  of  ATP9  can  be  visualized  exiting  the  mitoribosome  and  wrapping  around  the  ATP9  TA  complex.  The  second  class  of  particles  in  our  stalled  initiation  complex  contained  Aep3,  the  translational activator  of  ATP8,  bound  to  the  small  subunit  at  the  mRNA  exit  channel.  We  can  also  resolve  mRNA  density  representing  the  5'  UTR  of  ATP8  wrapping  around  Aep3.  Both  of  these  structures  validate  our  hypothesis  that  TAs  bind  to  the  5'  UTR  of  the  target  transcript  and  engage  with  mitoribosomes  at  initiation  to  help  position  them  at  the  start  codon.Finally,  I  studied  the  co-translational  interactions  of  Smt1,  the  translational  repressor  of  ATP6/8,  and  Oxa1,  the  mitochondrial  inner  membrane  insertase.  I  found  that  Smt1  was  enriched  during  translation  elongation  of  ATP6/8,  binding  to  the  ribosome  only  following  the  depletion  of  ATP6/8  TAs.  Oxa1  was  previously  thought  to  be  constitutively  bound  to  the  mitoribosome  through  a  C-terminal  ribosome  binding  domain.  Sel-mitoRP  for  Oxa1  revealed  that  Oxa1  engagement  with  the  mitoribosome  is  much  more  dynamic  than  was  previously  appreciated.  Oxa1  only  engaged  with  the  mitoribosome  following  emergence  of  the  transmembrane  domains  of  its  client  proteins.  Interestingly,  Oxa1  enrichment  also  coincided  with  the  depletion  of  many  TAs  from  the  mitoribosome.  We  propose  that  membrane  insertion  promotes  release  of  TAs  from  the  elongating  mitoribosome.These  studies  offer  molecular  insight  into  how  translation  activation  and  co-translational  protein  insertion  are  regulated  in  mitochondria.  This  work  establishes  sel-mitoRP  as  a  versatile  tool  to  study  multiple  aspects  of  mitochondrial  translational  regulation.  Future  work  will  utilize  sel-mitoRP  to  study  translational  regulators  and  insertases  in  human  cells.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aGenetics
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■653    ▼aMitochondria
■653    ▼aRibosome  profiling
■653    ▼aStructural  biology
■653    ▼aTranslational  activators
■653    ▼aTranslational  repressors
■653    ▼aYeast
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0307
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bMedical  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-05B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164024▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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