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High Temperature Redox Cycling of Iron Alloy Foams
High Temperature Redox Cycling of Iron Alloy Foams
High Temperature Redox Cycling of Iron Alloy Foams

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151922
ISBN  
9798382761862
DDC  
620.11
저자명  
Pennell, Samuel Mark.
서명/저자  
High Temperature Redox Cycling of Iron Alloy Foams
발행사항  
[Sl] : Northwestern University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
184 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Includes supplementary digital materials.
주기사항  
Advisor: Dunand, David C.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Effective implementation of clean energy technology requires technological development of novel energy storage systems to buffer the intermittent generation of wind and solar sources. The use of iron as an energy storage material is desirable due to the low cost, abundance, and non-toxicity of iron and iron oxides. The high temperature oxidation and reduction of iron has been implemented in several systems relevant to energy storage and generation, as well as carbon capture, notably the rechargeable oxide battery (ROB), chemical looping combustion reactor (CLC), and carbon dioxide utilization reactor. However, the development and practical use of these technologies has been stunted by the poor cycling lifetime of unmodified iron at high temperatures. The cyclical expansion and contraction of Fe during redox cycling paired with relatively fast sintering in both the reduced and oxidized states lead to extreme densification of the material in just a few cycles. This greatly reduces gas access to the material, effectively reducing the capacity due to the increasingly long times needed for a full reaction to take place. Herein I examine novel Fe foam compositions and architectures subjected to high temperature redox cycling, characterize their phase and microstructural evolution with a focus on how the changing phases and microstructures affect redox cycling kinetics, and draw comparisons between different strategies that can be used to resist or prevent the degradation of Fe materials during high temperature redox cycling.The elements available to modify Fe for redox cycling fall into three categories: (i) redox inactive metals, (ii) redox inactive oxides, and (iii) redox active metals. Redox inactive metals include those elements which can be readily reduced by H2 but will not be oxidized by H2O at the operating temperature of 800 °C or below. Redox inactive oxides include the reverse: elements that will be oxidized by H2O but will not be reduced by H2. Redox active elements are those that, like iron itself, can be both oxidized by H2O and reduced by H2. In this work I examine the behavior of Fe-X directionally freeze cast foams for three redox inactive metals: Fe-Ni, Fe-Co, and Fe-Cu, and two redox active metals: Fe-Mo and Fe-W. The ternary Fe-Ni-W system is also explored. The behavior of Fe-W foams when using CO2 rather than H2O as the oxidizing gas is characterized as well, opening the door for further research into chemical looping applications. Redox inactive Co and Ni help prevent degradation by limiting the formation of Kirkendall pores, but buckling, contact, and sintering still limit their efficacy. Redox inactive Cu actively degrades the structure by rapidly segregating. All three redox inactive metals show an acceleration of the reduction reacting, and Cu also shows an acceleration of the oxidation reacting in the first cycle, before Cu has segregated out.Redox active Mo and W show improved degradation resistance due to the formation of hierarchical porosity within the foam. The efficacy of Mo is somewhat lower than that of W due to the gradual segregation of Mo during cycling. W shows excellent stability, and a regenerative microstructure due to the chemical vapor transport reduction of the mixed oxide FeWO4.Architecture can also be used to alter degradation during redox cycling, as highly porous architectures can maintain open gas channels to limit degradation. While directionally freeze-cast foams are the main architecture studied, the behavior of freeze cast foams strengthened with bridging fibers, 3-D ink-printed lattices, and simple tapped powder beds are also compared to better understand the interplay between macroscale architectural design and microstructural evolution. Bridging fibers showed the desired effect, with buckling limited for fibers long enough to bridge the freeze cast channels, but degradation still occurred due to rapid engulfment of the bridging fibers leading to sintering and densification. Printed foams showed similar microstructure to freeze cast foams, but a much more consistent shrinkage and densification. Tapped powder beds of Fe-25W showed identical microstructures to freeze cast foams of the same composition, indicating that the freeze cast channels are not needed to obtain the microstructural resistance to degradation.
일반주제명  
Materials science
일반주제명  
Engineering
키워드  
Energy storage
키워드  
Freeze casting
키워드  
Microstructures
키워드  
Redox cycling
키워드  
Sintering
기타저자  
Northwestern University Materials Science and Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31242861
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■1001  ▼aPennell,  Samuel  Mark.▼0(orcid)0000-0003-1596-6206
■24510▼aHigh  Temperature  Redox  Cycling  of  Iron  Alloy  Foams
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNorthwestern  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a184  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aIncludes  supplementary  digital  materials.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Dunand,  David  C.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Northwestern  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aEffective  implementation  of  clean  energy  technology  requires  technological  development  of  novel  energy  storage  systems  to  buffer  the  intermittent  generation  of  wind  and  solar  sources.  The  use  of  iron  as  an  energy  storage  material  is  desirable  due  to  the  low  cost,  abundance,  and  non-toxicity  of  iron  and  iron  oxides.  The  high  temperature  oxidation  and  reduction  of  iron  has  been  implemented  in  several  systems  relevant  to  energy  storage  and  generation,  as  well  as  carbon  capture,  notably  the  rechargeable  oxide  battery  (ROB),  chemical  looping  combustion  reactor  (CLC),  and  carbon  dioxide  utilization  reactor.  However,  the  development  and  practical  use  of  these  technologies  has  been  stunted  by  the  poor  cycling  lifetime  of  unmodified  iron  at  high  temperatures.  The  cyclical  expansion  and  contraction  of  Fe  during  redox  cycling  paired  with  relatively  fast  sintering  in  both  the  reduced  and  oxidized  states  lead  to  extreme  densification  of  the  material  in  just  a  few  cycles.  This  greatly  reduces  gas  access  to  the  material,  effectively  reducing  the  capacity  due  to  the  increasingly  long  times  needed  for  a  full  reaction  to  take  place.  Herein  I  examine  novel  Fe  foam  compositions  and  architectures  subjected  to  high  temperature  redox  cycling,  characterize  their  phase  and  microstructural  evolution  with  a  focus  on  how  the  changing  phases  and  microstructures  affect  redox  cycling  kinetics,  and  draw  comparisons  between  different  strategies  that  can  be  used  to  resist  or  prevent  the  degradation  of  Fe  materials  during  high  temperature  redox  cycling.The  elements  available  to  modify  Fe  for  redox  cycling  fall  into  three  categories:  (i)  redox  inactive  metals,  (ii)  redox  inactive  oxides,  and  (iii)  redox  active  metals.  Redox  inactive  metals  include  those  elements  which  can  be  readily  reduced  by  H2  but  will  not  be  oxidized  by  H2O  at  the  operating  temperature  of  800  °C  or  below.  Redox  inactive  oxides  include  the  reverse:  elements  that  will  be  oxidized  by  H2O  but  will  not  be  reduced  by  H2.  Redox  active  elements  are  those  that,  like  iron  itself,  can  be  both  oxidized  by  H2O  and  reduced  by  H2.  In  this  work  I  examine  the  behavior  of  Fe-X  directionally  freeze  cast  foams  for  three  redox  inactive  metals:  Fe-Ni,  Fe-Co,  and  Fe-Cu,  and  two  redox  active  metals:  Fe-Mo  and  Fe-W.  The  ternary  Fe-Ni-W  system  is  also  explored.  The  behavior  of  Fe-W  foams  when  using  CO2  rather  than  H2O  as  the  oxidizing  gas  is  characterized  as  well,  opening  the  door  for  further  research  into  chemical  looping  applications.  Redox  inactive  Co  and  Ni  help  prevent  degradation  by  limiting  the  formation  of  Kirkendall  pores,  but  buckling,  contact,  and  sintering  still  limit  their  efficacy.  Redox  inactive  Cu  actively  degrades  the  structure  by  rapidly  segregating.  All  three  redox  inactive  metals  show  an  acceleration  of  the  reduction  reacting,  and  Cu  also  shows  an  acceleration  of  the  oxidation  reacting  in  the  first  cycle,  before  Cu  has  segregated  out.Redox  active  Mo  and  W  show  improved  degradation  resistance  due  to  the  formation  of  hierarchical  porosity  within  the  foam.  The  efficacy  of  Mo  is  somewhat  lower  than  that  of  W  due  to  the  gradual  segregation  of  Mo  during  cycling.  W  shows  excellent  stability,  and  a  regenerative  microstructure  due  to  the  chemical  vapor  transport  reduction  of  the  mixed  oxide  FeWO4.Architecture  can  also  be  used  to  alter  degradation  during  redox  cycling,  as  highly  porous  architectures  can  maintain  open  gas  channels  to  limit  degradation.  While  directionally  freeze-cast  foams  are  the  main  architecture  studied,  the  behavior  of  freeze  cast  foams  strengthened  with  bridging  fibers,  3-D  ink-printed  lattices,  and  simple  tapped  powder  beds  are  also  compared  to  better  understand  the  interplay  between  macroscale  architectural  design  and  microstructural  evolution.  Bridging  fibers  showed  the  desired  effect,  with  buckling  limited  for  fibers  long  enough  to  bridge  the  freeze  cast  channels,  but  degradation  still  occurred  due  to  rapid  engulfment  of  the  bridging  fibers  leading  to  sintering  and  densification.  Printed  foams  showed  similar  microstructure  to  freeze  cast  foams,  but  a  much  more  consistent  shrinkage  and  densification.  Tapped  powder  beds  of  Fe-25W  showed  identical  microstructures  to  freeze  cast  foams  of  the  same  composition,  indicating  that  the  freeze  cast  channels  are  not  needed  to  obtain  the  microstructural  resistance  to  degradation.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0163.
■650  4▼aMaterials  science
■650  4▼aEngineering
■653    ▼aEnergy  storage
■653    ▼aFreeze  casting
■653    ▼aMicrostructures
■653    ▼aRedox  cycling
■653    ▼aSintering
■690    ▼a0794
■690    ▼a0537
■71020▼aNorthwestern  University▼bMaterials  Science  and  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-11B.
■790    ▼a0163
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162126▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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