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Epistemic Reasons & Cognitive Self-Monitoring
Epistemic Reasons & Cognitive Self-Monitoring
Epistemic Reasons & Cognitive Self-Monitoring

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211152652
ISBN  
9798384015703
DDC  
100
저자명  
Paulson, Spencer.
서명/저자  
Epistemic Reasons & Cognitive Self-Monitoring
발행사항  
[Sl] : Northwestern University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
209 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Goldberg, Sanford.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation is about the relationship between Epistemology and other domains. In it I want to show that in an important sense, Epistemology is an autonomous domain. That is, epistemic vocabulary (e.g., "knowledge", "justification", "rationality", "epistemic reason", etc.) cannot be analyzed without remainder into non-epistemic vocabulary. Epistemic phenomena must be explained in terms of epistemic reasons and the form of assessment proprietary to them. Although epistemic vocabulary cannot be reduced to the vocabulary of other domains, Epistemology is nonetheless connected with other domains in an important way. In this dissertation I focus on the connection between Epistemology and the Philosophy of Mind. I distinguish different forms cognitive self-monitoring can take and corresponding forms of cognitive autonomy. The kind of self-monitoring that receives the most attention involves simulating interpersonal argumentation. I argue that the capacity to self-monitor in this way grounds familiar epistemic standards (e.g., knowledge and justification) and explains how reasons get their grip on us. On the picture that emerges, Epistemology and Philosophy of Mind need to be done in tandem. Epistemology gives us the normative framework that is modeled by the self-monitoring system. The self-monitoring system, conversely, explains the kind of activity we engage in that makes that normative framework applicable to us. Epistemic reasons themselves are just episodes of this kind of activity. In Chapter 1 I argue that epistemic luck cannot be analyzed in non-epistemic terms. Here I generalize Jennifer Lackey's criticism of Duncan Pritchard's safety-based account of epistemic luck to all reductive theories. I argue that they will either be extensionally inadequate, or they will illicitly presuppose the vocabulary they are trying to reduce. The upshot is that epistemic luck can only be understood in terms of the epistemic assessment of reasons. By extension, we can't give a reductive analysis of knowledge. This is not to say we cannot analyze knowledge, just that we can't analyze away the epistemic vocabulary without remainder. In chapter 2 I explain the relation between epistemic luck, epistemic justification, and knowledge. I argue that previous work in the defeasible reasoning tradition, despite being on the right track, fell short of realizing its full potential. This is because the account of how these three things relate given by its proponents was insufficiently unified, which encouraged many epistemologists to abandon the defeasible reasoning tradition entirely. I argue that a unified and principled account of their relation is possible, and it allows for an elegant analysis of knowledge. In slogan form: good reasons are apparent to the knowing subject. In chapter 3 I extend the defeasible reasoning tradition to explain how knowledge is gradable. I show that this enables us to bring the debates about fake barns and knowledge from falsehoods to ecumenical resolutions, while also shedding light on a new kind of case. Furthermore, I explain how background assumptions are themselves defeasible and some of the epistemic significance of this fact. In chapter 4 I make the connection between Epistemology and Philosophy of Mind. I argue that the self-monitoring system of cognitively mature humans uses a model of the normative framework described in the previous chapters to regulate its own cognition. Here I build on that claim to develop an account of the role played by knowledge and justification in doxastic social coordination. I build on the claim that background assumptions are themselves defeasible to develop an account of the foundations of knowledge according to which they are social but not brutely sociological. In chapter 5 I discuss the relation between the epistemic states of cognitively mature humans, children, and non-human animals. I do this in a way meant to integrate an insight from virtue epistemology into the reasons-first picture developed here: positive epistemic standing is a state attributable to the subject. In chapter 6 I discuss the metaphysics of epistemic reasons. I claim that they are episodes of the activity of reasoning. In the preceding chapters, we get a sense of what that activity involves. Here I argue that the materials developed there put us in a position to understand what epistemic reasons are. This account incorporates the insights of rival positions while sidestepping familiar objections to them. The resulting picture is in line with the non-reductive approach to the epistemic developed so far. In fact, it goes further than other "reasons-first" approaches to Epistemology by claiming that reasons are not only basic within Epistemology, but they are also basic full-stop. One key consideration for my argument here is that reasons are, by their very nature, competitors. Although this point is generally acknowledged in the literature on reasons, its consequences for the metaphysics of reasons hasn't been. Participants in the debate about the metaphysics of reasons typically try to identify reasons with something (e.g., facts or mental states) that are either not competitors, or only competitors insofar as they constitute, or bear on the epistemic assessment of, episodes of reasoning.
일반주제명  
Philosophy
일반주제명  
Epistemology
일반주제명  
Cognitive psychology
키워드  
Cognitive science
키워드  
Epistemic reasons
키워드  
Gettier problem
키워드  
Knowledge
키워드  
Rationality
키워드  
Self-monitoring
기타저자  
Northwestern University Philosophy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■24510▼aEpistemic  Reasons  &  Cognitive  Self-Monitoring
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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Goldberg,  Sanford.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Northwestern  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  is  about  the  relationship  between  Epistemology  and  other  domains.  In  it  I  want  to  show  that  in  an  important  sense,  Epistemology  is  an  autonomous  domain.  That  is,  epistemic  vocabulary  (e.g.,  "knowledge",  "justification",  "rationality",  "epistemic  reason",  etc.)  cannot  be  analyzed  without  remainder  into  non-epistemic  vocabulary.  Epistemic  phenomena  must  be  explained  in  terms  of  epistemic  reasons  and  the  form  of  assessment  proprietary  to  them.  Although  epistemic  vocabulary  cannot  be  reduced  to  the  vocabulary  of  other  domains,  Epistemology  is  nonetheless  connected  with  other  domains  in  an  important  way.  In  this  dissertation  I  focus  on  the  connection  between  Epistemology  and  the  Philosophy  of  Mind.  I  distinguish  different  forms  cognitive  self-monitoring  can  take  and  corresponding  forms  of  cognitive  autonomy.  The  kind  of  self-monitoring  that  receives  the  most  attention  involves  simulating  interpersonal  argumentation.  I  argue  that  the  capacity  to  self-monitor  in  this  way  grounds  familiar  epistemic  standards  (e.g.,  knowledge  and  justification)  and  explains  how  reasons  get  their  grip  on  us.  On  the  picture  that  emerges,  Epistemology  and  Philosophy  of  Mind  need  to  be  done  in  tandem.  Epistemology  gives  us  the  normative  framework  that  is  modeled  by  the  self-monitoring  system.  The  self-monitoring  system,  conversely,  explains  the  kind  of  activity  we  engage  in  that  makes  that  normative  framework  applicable  to  us.  Epistemic  reasons  themselves  are  just  episodes  of  this  kind  of  activity.  In  Chapter  1  I  argue  that  epistemic  luck  cannot  be  analyzed  in  non-epistemic  terms.  Here  I  generalize  Jennifer  Lackey's  criticism  of  Duncan  Pritchard's  safety-based  account  of  epistemic  luck  to  all  reductive  theories.  I  argue  that  they  will  either  be  extensionally  inadequate,  or  they  will  illicitly  presuppose  the  vocabulary  they  are  trying  to  reduce.  The  upshot  is  that  epistemic  luck  can  only  be  understood  in  terms  of  the  epistemic  assessment  of  reasons.  By  extension,  we  can't  give  a  reductive  analysis  of  knowledge.  This  is  not  to  say  we  cannot  analyze  knowledge,  just  that  we  can't  analyze  away  the  epistemic  vocabulary  without  remainder.  In  chapter  2  I  explain  the  relation  between  epistemic  luck,  epistemic  justification,  and  knowledge.  I  argue  that  previous  work  in  the  defeasible  reasoning  tradition,  despite  being  on  the  right  track,  fell  short  of  realizing  its  full  potential.  This  is  because  the  account  of  how  these  three  things  relate  given  by  its  proponents  was  insufficiently  unified,  which  encouraged  many  epistemologists  to  abandon  the  defeasible  reasoning  tradition  entirely.  I  argue  that  a  unified  and  principled  account  of  their  relation  is  possible,  and  it  allows  for  an  elegant  analysis  of  knowledge.  In  slogan  form:  good  reasons  are  apparent  to  the  knowing  subject.  In  chapter  3  I  extend  the  defeasible  reasoning  tradition  to  explain  how  knowledge  is  gradable.  I  show  that  this  enables  us  to  bring  the  debates  about  fake  barns  and  knowledge  from  falsehoods  to  ecumenical  resolutions,  while  also  shedding  light  on  a  new  kind  of  case.  Furthermore,  I  explain  how  background  assumptions  are  themselves  defeasible  and  some  of  the  epistemic  significance  of  this  fact.  In  chapter  4  I  make  the  connection  between  Epistemology  and  Philosophy  of  Mind.  I  argue  that  the  self-monitoring  system  of  cognitively  mature  humans  uses  a  model  of  the  normative  framework  described  in  the  previous  chapters  to  regulate  its  own  cognition.  Here  I  build  on  that  claim  to  develop  an  account  of  the  role  played  by  knowledge  and  justification  in  doxastic  social  coordination.  I  build  on  the  claim  that  background  assumptions  are  themselves  defeasible  to  develop  an  account  of  the  foundations  of  knowledge  according  to  which  they  are  social  but  not  brutely  sociological.  In  chapter  5  I  discuss  the  relation  between  the  epistemic  states  of  cognitively  mature  humans,  children,  and  non-human  animals.  I  do  this  in  a  way  meant  to  integrate  an  insight  from  virtue  epistemology  into  the  reasons-first  picture  developed  here:  positive  epistemic  standing  is  a  state  attributable  to  the  subject.  In  chapter  6  I  discuss  the  metaphysics  of  epistemic  reasons.  I  claim  that  they  are  episodes  of  the  activity  of  reasoning.  In  the  preceding  chapters,  we  get  a  sense  of  what  that  activity  involves.  Here  I  argue  that  the  materials  developed  there  put  us  in  a  position  to  understand  what  epistemic  reasons  are.  This  account  incorporates  the  insights  of  rival  positions  while  sidestepping  familiar  objections  to  them.  The  resulting  picture  is  in  line  with  the  non-reductive  approach  to  the  epistemic  developed  so  far.  In  fact,  it  goes  further  than  other  "reasons-first"  approaches  to  Epistemology  by  claiming  that  reasons  are  not  only  basic  within  Epistemology,  but  they  are  also  basic  full-stop.  One  key  consideration  for  my  argument  here  is  that  reasons  are,  by  their  very  nature,  competitors.  Although  this  point  is  generally  acknowledged  in  the  literature  on  reasons,  its  consequences  for  the  metaphysics  of  reasons  hasn't  been.  Participants  in  the  debate  about  the  metaphysics  of  reasons  typically  try  to  identify  reasons  with  something  (e.g.,  facts  or  mental  states)  that  are  either  not  competitors,  or  only  competitors  insofar  as  they  constitute,  or  bear  on  the  epistemic  assessment  of,  episodes  of  reasoning.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0163.
■650  4▼aPhilosophy
■650  4▼aEpistemology
■650  4▼aCognitive  psychology
■653    ▼aCognitive  science
■653    ▼aEpistemic  reasons
■653    ▼aGettier  problem
■653    ▼aKnowledge
■653    ▼aRationality
■653    ▼aSelf-monitoring
■690    ▼a0422
■690    ▼a0393
■690    ▼a0633
■71020▼aNorthwestern  University▼bPhilosophy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-02B.
■790    ▼a0163
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17163317▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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