본문

서브메뉴

Electrifying Chemical Transformations and Separations to Valorize Wastewater Nitrogen
Electrifying Chemical Transformations and Separations to Valorize Wastewater Nitrogen
Electrifying Chemical Transformations and Separations to Valorize Wastewater Nitrogen

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211153050
ISBN  
9798346387442
DDC  
621.48
저자명  
Liu, Matthew Junjie.
서명/저자  
Electrifying Chemical Transformations and Separations to Valorize Wastewater Nitrogen
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
338 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-05, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Tarpeh, William.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Managing the nitrogen cycle has been identified as one of 14 Grand Challenges for Engineering in the 21st century, as defined by the U.S. National Academy of Engineering. Indeed, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency considers nitrogen pollution "one of the costliest, most difficult environmental problems we face in the 21stcentury." Humanity has profoundly skewed the natural throughput of the nitrogen cycle through Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis, which outpaces nitrogen removal rates from wastewater. As a result, nitrogen pollution continues to accumulate in the environment, threatening global water security and human health. However, as global populations continue to grow, humanity will require more ammonia than it ever has before.Electrochemical nitrogen recovery from wastewaters offers an avenue for bringing balance back to the nitrogen cycle by directly recovering ammonia from wastewater nitrogen. Two forms of reactive nitrogen in particular compose the majority of nitrogen pollution in wastewaters: ammonia and nitrate. Targeting these two pollutants for ammonia recovery is a key focus of this dissertation. Whereas ammonia requires a selective separation from other wastewater constituents to be recovered as a pure product, nitrate requires selective reduction to ammonia prior to separation. Thus, the work in this dissertation explores techniques for achieving selective electrochemical separations and selective electrochemical reactions.In Chapter 2 explores the use of electrochemical stripping, a unit process combining electrodialysis and membrane stripping, for ammonium sulfate recovery from ammoniarich influent as a function of electrolyte temperature, gas permeable membrane, and influent concentration (30 to 3000 mg N/L). A mass transfer model for nitrogen movement between reactor chambers is developed to yield both descriptive and predictive insights into the effect of operating parameters on nitrogen recovery. The validation of electrochemical stripping as a platform for selectively separating ammonia forms a bedrock for the remainder of this dissertation.Chapters 3-5 consist of studies into electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia, with the idea that synthesized ammonia can be recovered with electrochemical stripping. Chapter 3 examines the use of titanium electrodes for nitrate reduction. Under the protic, reducing conditions of nitrate reduction, titanium forms titanium hydride, which possesses distinct physical, chemical, and electronic properties from titanium. The work in this chapter employs synchrotron X-ray characterization to study how different nitrate reduction conditions (applied potential, duration) impact the formation of near-surface titanium hydride, and the impact this altered surface structure may have on nitrate reduction performance. Chapters 4-5 explore the use of the homogeneous electrocatalyst Co(DIM), a cobalt-centered tetra-aza macrocycle, for selective nitrate reduction to ammonia. In Chapter 4, Co(DIM) is incorporated into electrochemical stripping to simultaneously treat nitrate-rich secondary effluent and ammonium-rich reverse osmosis brine. The work demonstrates successful separation of synthesized ammonia from the catalyst and treated water at performance metrics (energy consumption, recovery rate) that matched or outperformed state-of-the-art nitrogen recovery systems. Chapter 5 investigates the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of Co(DIM) through electroanalytical studies. It is shown that prior to nitrate conversion, Co(DIM) must free its axial sites through bromide dissociation coupled with electron transfer. The kinetics of nitrate conversion, including reaction rate constants, turnover frequencies, kinetic isotope effects, and activation parameters, are quantified to benchmark the performance of Co(DIM)-mediated nitrate reduction.
일반주제명  
Reactors
일반주제명  
Nitrates
일반주제명  
Electrons
일반주제명  
Electrodes
일반주제명  
Water treatment
일반주제명  
Chemistry
일반주제명  
21st century
일반주제명  
Voltammetry
일반주제명  
Chemists
일반주제명  
Ammonia
일반주제명  
Catalysis
일반주제명  
Effluents
일반주제명  
Electrocatalysis
일반주제명  
Energy consumption
일반주제명  
Nitrogen
일반주제명  
Atomic physics
일반주제명  
Energy
일반주제명  
Environmental engineering
일반주제명  
Industrial engineering
일반주제명  
Museum studies
일반주제명  
Engineering
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-05A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

 008250123s2024        us                              c    eng  d
■001000017164811
■00520250211153050
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798346387442
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31643305
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)Stanfordfk004hm3141
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a621.48
■1001  ▼aLiu,  Matthew  Junjie.
■24510▼aElectrifying  Chemical  Transformations  and  Separations  to  Valorize  Wastewater  Nitrogen
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a338  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-05,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Tarpeh,  William.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aManaging  the  nitrogen  cycle  has  been  identified  as  one  of  14  Grand  Challenges  for  Engineering  in  the  21st  century,  as  defined  by  the  U.S.  National  Academy  of  Engineering.  Indeed,  the  U.S.  Environmental  Protection  Agency  considers  nitrogen  pollution  "one  of  the  costliest,  most  difficult  environmental  problems  we  face  in  the  21stcentury."  Humanity  has  profoundly  skewed  the  natural  throughput  of  the  nitrogen  cycle  through  Haber-Bosch  ammonia  synthesis,  which  outpaces  nitrogen  removal  rates  from  wastewater.  As  a  result,  nitrogen  pollution  continues  to  accumulate  in  the  environment,  threatening  global  water  security  and  human  health.  However,  as  global  populations  continue  to  grow,  humanity  will  require  more  ammonia  than  it  ever  has  before.Electrochemical  nitrogen  recovery  from  wastewaters  offers  an  avenue  for  bringing  balance  back  to  the  nitrogen  cycle  by  directly  recovering  ammonia  from  wastewater  nitrogen.  Two  forms  of  reactive  nitrogen  in  particular  compose  the  majority  of  nitrogen  pollution  in  wastewaters:  ammonia  and  nitrate.  Targeting  these  two  pollutants  for  ammonia  recovery  is  a  key  focus  of  this  dissertation.  Whereas  ammonia  requires  a  selective  separation  from  other  wastewater  constituents  to  be  recovered  as  a  pure  product,  nitrate  requires  selective  reduction  to  ammonia  prior  to  separation.  Thus,  the  work  in  this  dissertation  explores  techniques  for  achieving  selective  electrochemical  separations  and  selective  electrochemical  reactions.In  Chapter  2  explores  the  use  of  electrochemical  stripping,  a  unit  process  combining  electrodialysis  and  membrane  stripping,  for  ammonium  sulfate  recovery  from  ammoniarich  influent  as  a  function  of  electrolyte  temperature,  gas  permeable  membrane,  and  influent  concentration  (30  to  3000  mg  N/L).  A  mass  transfer  model  for  nitrogen  movement  between  reactor  chambers  is  developed  to  yield  both  descriptive  and  predictive  insights  into  the  effect  of  operating  parameters  on  nitrogen  recovery.  The  validation  of  electrochemical  stripping  as  a  platform  for  selectively  separating  ammonia  forms  a  bedrock  for  the  remainder  of  this  dissertation.Chapters  3-5  consist  of  studies  into  electrochemical  nitrate  reduction  to  ammonia,  with  the  idea  that  synthesized  ammonia  can  be  recovered  with  electrochemical  stripping.  Chapter  3  examines  the  use  of  titanium  electrodes  for  nitrate  reduction.  Under  the  protic,  reducing  conditions  of  nitrate  reduction,  titanium  forms  titanium  hydride,  which  possesses  distinct  physical,  chemical,  and  electronic  properties  from  titanium.  The  work  in  this  chapter  employs  synchrotron  X-ray  characterization  to  study  how  different  nitrate  reduction  conditions  (applied  potential,  duration)  impact  the  formation  of  near-surface  titanium  hydride,  and  the  impact  this  altered  surface  structure  may  have  on  nitrate  reduction  performance.  Chapters  4-5  explore  the  use  of  the  homogeneous  electrocatalyst  Co(DIM),  a  cobalt-centered  tetra-aza  macrocycle,  for  selective  nitrate  reduction  to  ammonia.  In  Chapter  4,  Co(DIM)  is  incorporated  into  electrochemical  stripping  to  simultaneously  treat  nitrate-rich  secondary  effluent  and  ammonium-rich  reverse  osmosis  brine.  The  work  demonstrates  successful  separation  of  synthesized  ammonia  from  the  catalyst  and  treated  water  at  performance  metrics  (energy  consumption,  recovery  rate)  that  matched  or  outperformed  state-of-the-art  nitrogen  recovery  systems.  Chapter  5  investigates  the  reaction  mechanisms  and  kinetics  of  Co(DIM)  through  electroanalytical  studies.  It  is  shown  that  prior  to  nitrate  conversion,  Co(DIM)  must  free  its  axial  sites  through  bromide  dissociation  coupled  with  electron  transfer.  The  kinetics  of  nitrate  conversion,  including  reaction  rate  constants,  turnover  frequencies,  kinetic  isotope  effects,  and  activation  parameters,  are  quantified  to  benchmark  the  performance  of  Co(DIM)-mediated  nitrate  reduction.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aReactors
■650  4▼aNitrates
■650  4▼aElectrons
■650  4▼aElectrodes
■650  4▼aWater  treatment
■650  4▼aChemistry
■650  4▼a21st  century
■650  4▼aVoltammetry
■650  4▼aChemists
■650  4▼aAmmonia
■650  4▼aCatalysis
■650  4▼aEffluents
■650  4▼aElectrocatalysis
■650  4▼aEnergy  consumption
■650  4▼aNitrogen
■650  4▼aAtomic  physics
■650  4▼aEnergy
■650  4▼aEnvironmental  engineering
■650  4▼aIndustrial  engineering
■650  4▼aMuseum  studies
■650  4▼aEngineering
■690    ▼a0485
■690    ▼a0748
■690    ▼a0791
■690    ▼a0775
■690    ▼a0546
■690    ▼a0730
■690    ▼a0537
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-05A.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17164811▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

미리보기

내보내기

chatGPT토론

Ai 추천 관련 도서


    신착도서 더보기
    최근 3년간 통계입니다.

    소장정보

    • 예약
    • 소재불명신고
    • 나의폴더
    • 우선정리요청
    • 비도서대출신청
    • 야간 도서대출신청
    소장자료
    등록번호 청구기호 소장처 대출가능여부 대출정보
    TF14227 전자도서 대출가능 마이폴더 부재도서신고 비도서대출신청 야간 도서대출신청

    * 대출중인 자료에 한하여 예약이 가능합니다. 예약을 원하시면 예약버튼을 클릭하십시오.

    해당 도서를 다른 이용자가 함께 대출한 도서

    관련 인기도서

    로그인 후 이용 가능합니다.