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The Folded Hands of Equity: Heirs Property, Partition Sales, and the Production of Inequality
The Folded Hands of Equity: Heirs Property, Partition Sales, and the Production of Inequal...
The Folded Hands of Equity: Heirs Property, Partition Sales, and the Production of Inequality

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151331
ISBN  
9798382597515
DDC  
301
저자명  
Garnar, Tracy L.
서명/저자  
The Folded Hands of Equity: Heirs Property, Partition Sales, and the Production of Inequality
발행사항  
[Sl] : The University of Arizona, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
217 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Carlson, Jennifer.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Arizona, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Paper #1I analyze the symbolic and material production of racial inequality through formal law and on-the-ground judicial decision-making in heirs property cases involving partition sales. I interrogate how decision-making in these cases permit legal professionals to wield power, legitimate the legal profession as an institution, and reinforce disadvantage for Black Americans, using a rich dataset of case decisions from Pennsylvania and South Carolina from 1840-present. I identify particular mechanisms and circumstances in which the judiciary might opt for one mechanism or strategy over another. The judiciary showed a marked lack of comprehension as to how the weaponization of partition actions simultaneously espouse ideals of formal legal equality and, in practice, treat Black families facing loss of their ancestral property inequitably. I identify three strategies judges deploy to justify their actions as equitable and legitimate and to remain within the letter of the law, while reinforcing racial hierarchies positioning whites as superior: the whitewashing of the law, the strategic use of legal language, and logic to advance a particular vision of the law and to justify its position as THE arbiter of the law, paternalism towards marginalized groups and individuals, racial animus, and imposition of a white moral ideology on Black families. Each of these strategies decontextualizes the legal-moral values of fairness, equity and neutrality and makes these legal-moral values appear inherent to the legal system and natural. These strategies offer insight as to how the legal, economic and political systems establish and legitimate a racial hierarchy that have oppressed and subjugated Black Americans since the beginning of American history. The refusal of the judiciary to recognize the harms of this historical backdrop serve to retrench inequality in the American experience long after Emancipation.Paper #2I examine the role of the legal maxim of ignorantia juris non excusat - roughly translated, "ignorance of the law is no excuse" - in judicial decision-making in case decisions rendered in Pennsylvania and South Carolina from 1840-present. I explore the extent to which judges cast decisions to not receive estate planning assistance from legal counsel as ignorance or negligence, the mechanisms by which they do so, the circumstances under which judges accept or reject ignorance defenses, and the consequences of these conceptions imposed upon decedents that these judges' decisions have on the families left behind. I explore how judges make decisions in heirs property cases in which ignorance is an issue in terms of laypeople case parties, attorneys representing their clients, judges misinterpreting facts or the law in the decision-making process, probate judges managing their own estates in a suboptimal manner, and fraud by one or more people involved with the estate. In developing what I refer to as "weaponization of legal ignorance" theory, I identify four mechanisms - fetishization of court documents, emphasis on "plain meaning/language," abuse of judicial discretion, and a tendency to decide cases based on technical issues, such as jurisdiction or statute of limitations issues, in order to avoid dealing with thornier substantive issues - through which judges and attorneys weaponize ignorance of the law against laypeople in the context of heirs property, at the intersection of property and probate law. Further, I identified some evidence of the operation of Dunn's (2016) two-tiered justice system in the context of probate and property law, in that judges and other legal professionals are afforded much more leeway in the case of their ignorance or negligence than laypeople not educated in the law. In addition to exploring the mechanisms of one heretofore-unexplored consequence of legal ignorance - the possibility of the loss of property held by a family for generations - I extend the moral and practical underpinnings of the ignorance doctrine as applied in criminal cases to consider its operation in civil cases.Paper #3This paper uses case decisions from Pennsylvania and South Carolina and Pennsylvania from 1840-present to examine the role the legal doctrines of coverture, dower, common-law marriage, and probate homestead exemptions play in judicial decision-making in heirs property cases. I uncover tension between two competing desires on the court's part: on one hand, the legal profession's desire to seek legitimacy for itself and its body of work through ensuring internal consistency and equality for all regardless of gender, and on the other hand, the stated desire by many jurists to offer special protection for women widows and their children (particularly minors) in handling of estate-related disputes. I identify mechanisms which operate to produce an inconsistent, incoherent body of law with respect to how gender inflects and informs decision-making in probate cases - the casting of adult women widows and minor children as vulnerable and ignorant, upholding moral ideals of women as primarily responsible for homemaking and childcare while simultaneously not providing the tools for women widows to overcome their legal disabilities, and the weaponization of moral judgments on couples who chose to partake in common-law marriage in order to justify expropriation of estate property. Similarly to the other two papers, judges employ strategies such as fetishization of evidence and language, weaponization of legal ignorance, selective invocation of judicial discretion, and emphasis on technical issues as an end-around to avoid dealing with substantive issues in order to produce gendered inequality in heirs property cases. This paper expands upon heirs property scholarship by introducing an explicitly intersectional approach to consider how Black women, in particular, are treated differently by the judicial system, and the potential downstream consequences of judicial decisions for descendants.
일반주제명  
Sociology
일반주제명  
Law
일반주제명  
African American studies
키워드  
African-American family
키워드  
Inequality
키워드  
Inheritance
키워드  
Probate cases
키워드  
Real estate
기타저자  
The University of Arizona Sociology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■24510▼aThe  Folded  Hands  of  Equity:  Heirs  Property,  Partition  Sales,  and  the  Production  of  Inequality
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  University  of  Arizona▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a217  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-11,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Carlson,  Jennifer.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  Arizona,  2024.
■520    ▼aPaper  #1I  analyze  the  symbolic  and  material  production  of  racial  inequality  through  formal  law  and  on-the-ground  judicial  decision-making  in  heirs  property  cases  involving  partition  sales.  I  interrogate  how  decision-making  in  these  cases  permit  legal  professionals  to  wield  power,  legitimate  the  legal  profession  as  an  institution,  and  reinforce  disadvantage  for  Black  Americans,  using  a  rich  dataset  of  case  decisions  from  Pennsylvania  and  South  Carolina  from  1840-present.  I  identify  particular  mechanisms  and  circumstances  in  which  the  judiciary  might  opt  for  one  mechanism  or  strategy  over  another.  The  judiciary  showed  a  marked  lack  of  comprehension  as  to  how  the  weaponization  of  partition  actions  simultaneously  espouse  ideals  of  formal  legal  equality  and,  in  practice,  treat  Black  families  facing  loss  of  their  ancestral  property  inequitably.  I  identify  three  strategies  judges  deploy  to  justify  their  actions  as  equitable  and  legitimate  and  to  remain  within  the  letter  of  the  law,  while  reinforcing  racial  hierarchies  positioning  whites  as  superior:  the  whitewashing  of  the  law,  the  strategic  use  of  legal  language,  and  logic  to  advance  a  particular  vision  of  the  law  and  to  justify  its  position  as  THE  arbiter  of  the  law,  paternalism  towards  marginalized  groups  and  individuals,  racial  animus,  and  imposition  of  a  white  moral  ideology  on  Black  families.  Each  of  these  strategies  decontextualizes  the  legal-moral  values  of  fairness,  equity  and  neutrality  and  makes  these  legal-moral  values  appear  inherent  to  the  legal  system  and  natural.  These  strategies  offer  insight  as  to  how  the  legal,  economic  and  political  systems  establish  and  legitimate  a  racial  hierarchy  that  have  oppressed  and  subjugated  Black  Americans  since  the  beginning  of  American  history.  The  refusal  of  the  judiciary  to  recognize  the  harms  of  this  historical  backdrop  serve  to  retrench  inequality  in  the  American  experience  long  after  Emancipation.Paper  #2I  examine  the  role  of  the  legal  maxim  of  ignorantia  juris  non  excusat  -  roughly  translated,  "ignorance  of  the  law  is  no  excuse"  -  in  judicial  decision-making  in  case  decisions  rendered  in  Pennsylvania  and  South  Carolina  from  1840-present.  I  explore  the  extent  to  which  judges  cast  decisions  to  not  receive  estate  planning  assistance  from  legal  counsel  as  ignorance  or  negligence,  the  mechanisms  by  which  they  do  so,  the  circumstances  under  which  judges  accept  or  reject  ignorance  defenses,  and  the  consequences  of  these  conceptions  imposed  upon  decedents  that  these  judges'  decisions  have  on  the  families  left  behind.  I  explore  how  judges  make  decisions  in  heirs  property  cases  in  which  ignorance  is  an  issue  in  terms  of  laypeople  case  parties,  attorneys  representing  their  clients,  judges  misinterpreting  facts  or  the  law  in  the  decision-making  process,  probate  judges  managing  their  own  estates  in  a  suboptimal  manner,  and  fraud  by  one  or  more  people  involved  with  the  estate.  In  developing  what  I  refer  to  as  "weaponization  of  legal  ignorance"  theory,  I  identify  four  mechanisms  -  fetishization  of  court  documents,  emphasis  on  "plain  meaning/language,"  abuse  of  judicial  discretion,  and  a  tendency  to  decide  cases  based  on  technical  issues,  such  as  jurisdiction  or  statute  of  limitations  issues,  in  order  to  avoid  dealing  with  thornier  substantive  issues  -  through  which  judges  and  attorneys  weaponize  ignorance  of  the  law  against  laypeople  in  the  context  of  heirs  property,  at  the  intersection  of  property  and  probate  law.  Further,  I  identified  some  evidence  of  the  operation  of  Dunn's  (2016)  two-tiered  justice  system  in  the  context  of  probate  and  property  law,  in  that  judges  and  other  legal  professionals  are  afforded  much  more  leeway  in  the  case  of  their  ignorance  or  negligence  than  laypeople  not  educated  in  the  law.  In  addition  to  exploring  the  mechanisms  of  one  heretofore-unexplored  consequence  of  legal  ignorance  -  the  possibility  of  the  loss  of  property  held  by  a  family  for  generations  -  I  extend  the  moral  and  practical  underpinnings  of  the  ignorance  doctrine  as  applied  in  criminal  cases  to  consider  its  operation  in  civil  cases.Paper  #3This  paper  uses  case  decisions  from  Pennsylvania  and  South  Carolina  and  Pennsylvania  from  1840-present  to  examine  the  role  the  legal  doctrines  of  coverture,  dower,  common-law  marriage,  and  probate  homestead  exemptions  play  in  judicial  decision-making  in  heirs  property  cases.  I  uncover  tension  between  two  competing  desires  on  the  court's  part:  on  one  hand,  the  legal  profession's  desire  to  seek  legitimacy  for  itself  and  its  body  of  work  through  ensuring  internal  consistency  and  equality  for  all  regardless  of  gender,  and  on  the  other  hand,  the  stated  desire  by  many  jurists  to  offer  special  protection  for  women  widows  and  their  children  (particularly  minors)  in  handling  of  estate-related  disputes.  I  identify  mechanisms  which  operate  to  produce  an  inconsistent,  incoherent  body  of  law  with  respect  to  how  gender  inflects  and  informs  decision-making  in  probate  cases  -  the  casting  of  adult  women  widows  and  minor  children  as  vulnerable  and  ignorant,  upholding  moral  ideals  of  women  as  primarily  responsible  for  homemaking  and  childcare  while  simultaneously  not  providing  the  tools  for  women  widows  to  overcome  their  legal  disabilities,  and  the  weaponization  of  moral  judgments  on  couples  who  chose  to  partake  in  common-law  marriage  in  order  to  justify  expropriation  of  estate  property.  Similarly  to  the  other  two  papers,  judges  employ  strategies  such  as  fetishization  of  evidence  and  language,  weaponization  of  legal  ignorance,  selective  invocation  of  judicial  discretion,  and  emphasis  on  technical  issues  as  an  end-around  to  avoid  dealing  with  substantive  issues  in  order  to  produce  gendered  inequality  in  heirs  property  cases.  This  paper  expands  upon  heirs  property  scholarship  by  introducing  an  explicitly  intersectional  approach  to  consider  how  Black  women,  in  particular,  are  treated  differently  by  the  judicial  system,  and  the  potential  downstream  consequences  of  judicial  decisions  for  descendants.
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■650  4▼aSociology
■650  4▼aLaw
■650  4▼aAfrican  American  studies
■653    ▼aAfrican-American  family
■653    ▼aInequality
■653    ▼aInheritance
■653    ▼aProbate  cases
■653    ▼aReal  estate
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■690    ▼a0398
■690    ▼a0296
■71020▼aThe  University  of  Arizona▼bSociology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-11A.
■790    ▼a0009
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161256▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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