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Scalable Methods for Genomic Analysis of In Vitro Models of Mammalian Embryogenesis
Scalable Methods for Genomic Analysis of In Vitro Models of Mammalian Embryogenesis
Scalable Methods for Genomic Analysis of In Vitro Models of Mammalian Embryogenesis

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151028
ISBN  
9798382211220
DDC  
575
저자명  
Regalado, Samuel Gabriel.
서명/저자  
Scalable Methods for Genomic Analysis of In Vitro Models of Mammalian Embryogenesis
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Washington, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
273 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-10, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Shendure, Jay.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Mammalian development, from the single-celled zygote to a multicellular individual, is an incredible dynamic journey that is marked by many milestones measurable across many scales. In fact, by the end of the first two weeks of human embryogenesis, most precursors of major tissues and organs required for life are already present. This developmental milestone is known as gastrulation. Here the embryo or gastrula undergoes invagination, creating the blastopore and three major layers. For example, the outermost layer, known as ectoderm, gives rise to the nervous system and skin; the middle layer, known as the mesoderm, gives rise to the musculoskeletal system and the heart; the innermost layer, known as the endoderm, gives rise to internal organs such as the lungs and liver. Collectively, these developmental cell types constitute the three major germ layers. Thus it is at the stage of gastrulation that cells of the embryo are specified toward distinct fates, leaving behind their relatively indistinct transcriptional states as pluripotent precursors. The advent of large consortia efforts, like the Human Genome Project or ENCODE, has ushered in new sequencing technologies, e.g. single-cell molecular phenotyping modalities like scRNA-seq, that are capable of uncovering the individual components or features of the genome that support the blueprint for multicellularity. For example, we now know that the genome can be partitioned into two categories: the coding genome and the non-coding genome. The coding genome is largely made up of genes, including cell-type specifying transcription factors (TFs). While approximately ~22,000 protein-coding genes have been decoded and cataloged, of which ~1600 or so are thought to be TFs, the overall coding proportion only makes up 1-2% of the mammalian genome. The other 98% of the genome is defined by the non-coding genome, where ~1 million non-coding regulatory elements, namely enhancers, are thought to reside. Despite our ever-growing knowledge of the genome, we know very little about the transcription factors or enhancers that are required for the myriad of cell types required for mammalian development. How this remarkable process unfolds at the molecular level is a timely question that remains elusive.The focus of my PhD has been to elucidate how the process of early development works, particularly when cells undergo cell fate specification during gastrulation. More specifically, I have been intensely focused on understanding the dynamics of germ layer formation through 1) functional characterization of non-coding DNA elements or enhancers, 2) defining key developmental transcription factors, and 3) tracing histories of cell lineages as they are emerging within a multicellular system. To tackle these complex areas of investigation, I have developed scalable methods applied to multicellular in vitro embryoid model systems of early development. In the first chapter, I describe current strategies to understand early development and cell fate specification. In the second chapter, I describe efforts to perturb and record lineages using a novel platform for clonal organoid generation. In the third chapter, I describe a highly multiplexed method with single-cell resolution for measuring autonomous activity of non-coding regulatory DNA in a multicellular context. Finally, in the last chapter, I conclude with my thoughts on the future of in vitro models alongside multi-modal measurements. 
일반주제명  
Genetics
일반주제명  
Biology
일반주제명  
Developmental biology
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
키워드  
Cell lineages
키워드  
Regulatory elements
키워드  
Single-cell resolution
키워드  
Multicellular system
키워드  
Transcription factors
키워드  
Coding genome
기타저자  
University of Washington Genome Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-10B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aRegalado,  Samuel  Gabriel.
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■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Washington▼c2024
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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-10,  Section:  B.
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■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Washington,  2024.
■520    ▼aMammalian  development,  from  the  single-celled  zygote  to  a  multicellular  individual,  is  an  incredible  dynamic  journey  that  is  marked  by  many  milestones  measurable  across  many  scales.  In  fact,  by  the  end  of  the  first  two  weeks  of  human  embryogenesis,  most  precursors  of  major  tissues  and  organs  required  for  life  are  already  present.  This  developmental  milestone  is  known  as  gastrulation.  Here  the  embryo  or  gastrula  undergoes  invagination,  creating  the  blastopore  and  three  major  layers.  For  example,  the  outermost  layer,  known  as  ectoderm,  gives  rise  to  the  nervous  system  and  skin;  the  middle  layer,  known  as  the  mesoderm,  gives  rise  to  the  musculoskeletal  system  and  the  heart;  the  innermost  layer,  known  as  the  endoderm,  gives  rise  to  internal  organs  such  as  the  lungs  and  liver.  Collectively,  these  developmental  cell  types  constitute  the  three  major  germ  layers.  Thus  it  is  at  the  stage  of  gastrulation  that  cells  of  the  embryo  are  specified  toward  distinct  fates,  leaving  behind  their  relatively  indistinct  transcriptional  states  as  pluripotent  precursors.  The  advent  of  large  consortia  efforts,  like  the  Human  Genome  Project  or  ENCODE,  has  ushered  in  new  sequencing  technologies,  e.g.  single-cell  molecular  phenotyping  modalities like  scRNA-seq,  that  are  capable  of  uncovering  the  individual  components  or  features  of  the  genome  that  support  the  blueprint  for  multicellularity.  For  example,  we  now  know  that  the  genome  can  be  partitioned  into  two  categories:  the  coding  genome  and  the  non-coding  genome.  The  coding  genome  is  largely  made  up  of  genes,  including  cell-type  specifying  transcription  factors  (TFs).  While  approximately  ~22,000  protein-coding  genes  have  been  decoded  and  cataloged,  of  which  ~1600  or  so  are  thought  to  be  TFs,  the  overall  coding  proportion  only  makes  up  1-2%  of  the  mammalian  genome.  The  other  98%  of  the  genome  is  defined  by  the  non-coding  genome,  where  ~1  million  non-coding  regulatory  elements,  namely  enhancers,  are  thought  to  reside.  Despite  our  ever-growing  knowledge  of  the  genome,  we  know  very  little  about  the  transcription  factors  or  enhancers  that  are  required  for  the  myriad  of  cell  types  required  for  mammalian  development.  How  this  remarkable  process  unfolds  at  the  molecular  level  is  a  timely  question  that  remains  elusive.The  focus  of  my  PhD  has  been  to  elucidate  how  the  process  of  early  development  works,  particularly  when  cells  undergo  cell  fate  specification  during  gastrulation.  More  specifically,  I  have  been  intensely  focused  on  understanding  the  dynamics  of  germ  layer  formation  through  1)  functional  characterization  of  non-coding  DNA  elements  or  enhancers,  2)  defining  key  developmental  transcription  factors,  and  3)  tracing  histories  of  cell  lineages  as  they  are  emerging  within  a  multicellular  system.  To  tackle  these  complex  areas  of  investigation,  I  have  developed  scalable  methods  applied  to  multicellular  in  vitro  embryoid  model  systems  of  early  development.  In  the  first  chapter,  I  describe  current  strategies  to  understand  early  development  and  cell  fate  specification.  In  the  second  chapter,  I  describe  efforts  to  perturb  and  record  lineages  using  a  novel  platform  for  clonal  organoid  generation.  In  the  third  chapter,  I  describe  a  highly  multiplexed  method  with  single-cell  resolution  for  measuring  autonomous  activity  of  non-coding  regulatory DNA  in  a  multicellular  context.  Finally,  in  the  last  chapter,  I  conclude  with  my  thoughts  on  the  future  of  in  vitro  models  alongside  multi-modal  measurements. 
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0250.
■650  4▼aGenetics
■650  4▼aBiology
■650  4▼aDevelopmental  biology
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■653    ▼aCell  lineages
■653    ▼aRegulatory  elements
■653    ▼aSingle-cell  resolution
■653    ▼aMulticellular  system
■653    ▼aTranscription  factors
■653    ▼aCoding  genome
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0306
■690    ▼a0758
■690    ▼a0379
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Washington▼bGenome  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-10B.
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■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160485▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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