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Synthesis, Fabrication, and Characterization of Two-Dimensional Neuromorphic Electronic Nanomaterials
Synthesis, Fabrication, and Characterization of Two-Dimensional Neuromorphic Electronic Na...
Synthesis, Fabrication, and Characterization of Two-Dimensional Neuromorphic Electronic Nanomaterials

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211151031
ISBN  
9798382760346
DDC  
620.5
저자명  
Liu, Stephanie E.
서명/저자  
Synthesis, Fabrication, and Characterization of Two-Dimensional Neuromorphic Electronic Nanomaterials
발행사항  
[Sl] : Northwestern University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
196 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Hersam, Mark C.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Increased reliance on artificial intelligence and machine learning for modern day computing has imposed great strain on the performance of the underlying hardware. As conventional computing operates on the continuous transfer of data between the processor and storage units, executing complex algorithms with high computational overhead will incur energy-inefficiencies that will present an outstanding challenge in eventual scale-up of artificial intelligence. Neuromorphic computing is an emerging bio-realistic computing paradigm primarily motivated by the marvels of the human brain, the world's most efficient processor. Neuromorphic demonstrations such as two-terminal memristors, phase change memory, and three-terminal synaptic transistors have achieved limited success due to their restrictive geometries and rigid learning capabilities. The two-dimensional (2D) memtransistor, in contrast, exploits the strong electrostatics of atomically thin materials to provide co-location of the field-effect volatile transistor and nonvolatile memristor capabilities in a lateral geometry that enables multi-terminal architecture and gate-tunable learning. By integrating atomically thin two-dimensional materials that enable enhanced electrostatic tunability, monolayer polycrystalline MoS2 memtransistors have achieved gate-tunable memristive switching, linearity, and reconfigurability. Similarly, four-terminal dual-gated MoS2 memtransistors have demonstrated reduced crosstalk and sneak currents in scalable crossbar architectures, simplifying integration challenges that have hindered memristive architectures based on bulk materials. Despite the unique attributes of memtransistors, their implementation in neuromorphic architectures has been limited to conventional artificial neural networks, suggesting that their full potential for artificial intelligence and machine learning has not yet been realized. Moreover, the incumbent memtransistor demonstrations, require large operating voltages that are impractical for eventual integration and scale.This thesis addresses three tenets critical to materials science and engineering - synthesis, characterization, and fabrication - with the aim of progressing towards more bio-realistic neuronal computing networks. The enclosed chapters focus on these themes to various degrees, underscoring the interdisciplinary nature and scope of neuromorphic computing engineering research. While the efforts and strategies presented here focus on MoS2, the concepts and process flows can be generalized to other two-dimensional van der Waals materials, especially p-doped semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides, to engineer emergent synaptic behaviors at low operating voltages for next-generation memtransistor devices. The first work presented will introduce MoS2 memtransistors with a wide range of learning behaviors achieved through a combination of enhanced electrostatic control and tailored gate bias pulsing profiles. Using monolayer MoS2 grown on sapphire, long-term potentiation and depression behaviors are singularly modulated by the gate electrode polarity, an observation that parallels the synaptic weight update and neuroplasticity in biological systems. By enhancing the relative importance of the vertical field effect from the gate voltage compared to the lateral field from the drain voltage, these devices show a greater reconfigurability of synaptic behavior compared to previously reported MoS2 memtransistors grown on SiO2. Different gate bias pulsing strategies further diversify the library of learning curves. The resulting gate-tunable learning behavior is then modeled in a simplified spike-timing-dependent plasticity scheme to perform unsupervised continuous learning in a simulated spiking neural network. We show that continuous learning, a previously underexplored cognitive concept in hardware neuromorphic computing, circumvents traditional trade-offs between image recognition accuracy and resource allocation. Overall, this work demonstrates that reconfigurable MoS2 memtransistors provide unique hardware accelerator opportunities for energy-efficient artificial intelligence.The second work presents the most competitive MoS2 memtransistor to date. Fabrication of back-gated devices with small channel length ( 400 nm) and high-κ Al2O3 as gate dielectric enables low-voltage operation (sub-1 V) with a 104 transistor ON/OFF and 10 switching ON/OFF ratios that outcompete state-of-the-art memtransistor prototypes. The small channel length and large channel width, defined with respect to the MoS2 grain size, augment the points of intersection of grain boundaries and contact edges, where resistive switching is hypothesized to occur. Finite-element simulations reveal enhanced electrostatic effects and band bending near the source contact in the back-gated design compared to incumbent top-gated memtransistors that enable voltage reduction without compromising memristive and transistor performance.
일반주제명  
Nanotechnology
일반주제명  
Materials science
일반주제명  
Engineering
키워드  
Machine learning
키워드  
Memtransistors
키워드  
Neuromorphic computing
키워드  
Gate-tunable learning
키워드  
Neural networks
기타저자  
Northwestern University Materials Science and Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aLiu,  Stephanie  E.
■24510▼aSynthesis,  Fabrication,  and  Characterization  of  Two-Dimensional  Neuromorphic  Electronic  Nanomaterials
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNorthwestern  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a196  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hersam,  Mark  C.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Northwestern  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aIncreased  reliance  on  artificial  intelligence  and  machine  learning  for  modern  day  computing  has  imposed  great  strain  on  the  performance  of  the  underlying  hardware.  As  conventional  computing  operates  on  the  continuous  transfer  of  data  between  the  processor  and  storage  units,  executing  complex  algorithms  with  high  computational  overhead  will  incur  energy-inefficiencies  that  will  present  an  outstanding  challenge  in  eventual  scale-up  of  artificial  intelligence.  Neuromorphic  computing  is  an  emerging  bio-realistic  computing  paradigm  primarily  motivated  by  the  marvels  of  the  human  brain,  the  world's  most  efficient  processor.  Neuromorphic  demonstrations  such  as  two-terminal  memristors,  phase  change  memory,  and  three-terminal  synaptic  transistors  have  achieved  limited  success  due  to  their  restrictive  geometries  and  rigid  learning  capabilities.  The  two-dimensional  (2D)  memtransistor,  in  contrast,  exploits  the  strong  electrostatics  of  atomically  thin  materials  to  provide  co-location  of  the  field-effect  volatile  transistor  and  nonvolatile  memristor  capabilities  in  a  lateral  geometry  that  enables  multi-terminal  architecture  and  gate-tunable  learning.  By  integrating  atomically  thin  two-dimensional  materials  that  enable  enhanced  electrostatic  tunability,  monolayer  polycrystalline  MoS2  memtransistors  have  achieved  gate-tunable  memristive  switching,  linearity,  and  reconfigurability.  Similarly,  four-terminal  dual-gated  MoS2  memtransistors  have  demonstrated  reduced  crosstalk  and  sneak  currents  in  scalable  crossbar  architectures,  simplifying  integration  challenges  that  have  hindered  memristive  architectures  based on  bulk  materials.  Despite  the  unique  attributes  of  memtransistors,  their  implementation  in neuromorphic  architectures  has  been  limited  to  conventional  artificial  neural  networks,  suggesting  that  their  full  potential  for  artificial  intelligence  and  machine  learning  has  not  yet  been  realized.  Moreover,  the  incumbent  memtransistor  demonstrations,  require  large  operating  voltages  that  are  impractical  for  eventual  integration  and  scale.This  thesis  addresses  three  tenets  critical  to  materials  science  and  engineering  -  synthesis,  characterization,  and  fabrication  -  with  the  aim  of  progressing  towards  more  bio-realistic  neuronal  computing  networks.  The  enclosed  chapters  focus  on  these  themes  to  various  degrees,  underscoring  the  interdisciplinary  nature  and  scope  of  neuromorphic  computing  engineering  research.  While  the  efforts  and  strategies  presented  here  focus  on  MoS2,  the  concepts  and  process  flows  can  be  generalized  to  other  two-dimensional  van  der  Waals  materials,  especially  p-doped  semiconducting  transition  metal  dichalcogenides,  to  engineer  emergent  synaptic  behaviors  at  low  operating  voltages  for  next-generation  memtransistor  devices. The  first  work  presented  will  introduce  MoS2  memtransistors  with  a  wide  range  of  learning  behaviors  achieved  through  a  combination  of  enhanced  electrostatic  control  and  tailored  gate  bias  pulsing  profiles.  Using  monolayer  MoS2  grown  on  sapphire,  long-term  potentiation  and  depression  behaviors  are  singularly  modulated  by  the  gate  electrode  polarity,  an  observation  that  parallels  the  synaptic  weight  update  and  neuroplasticity  in  biological  systems.  By  enhancing  the  relative  importance  of  the  vertical  field  effect  from  the  gate  voltage  compared  to  the  lateral  field  from  the  drain  voltage,  these  devices  show  a  greater  reconfigurability  of  synaptic  behavior  compared  to  previously  reported  MoS2  memtransistors  grown  on  SiO2.  Different  gate  bias  pulsing  strategies  further  diversify  the  library  of  learning  curves.  The  resulting  gate-tunable  learning  behavior  is  then  modeled  in  a  simplified  spike-timing-dependent  plasticity  scheme  to  perform  unsupervised continuous  learning  in  a  simulated  spiking  neural  network.  We  show  that  continuous  learning,  a  previously  underexplored  cognitive  concept  in  hardware  neuromorphic  computing,  circumvents  traditional  trade-offs  between  image  recognition  accuracy  and  resource  allocation.  Overall,  this  work  demonstrates  that  reconfigurable  MoS2  memtransistors  provide  unique  hardware  accelerator  opportunities  for  energy-efficient  artificial  intelligence.The  second  work  presents  the  most  competitive  MoS2  memtransistor  to  date.  Fabrication  of  back-gated  devices  with  small  channel  length  (  400  nm)  and  high-κ  Al2O3  as  gate  dielectric  enables  low-voltage  operation  (sub-1  V)  with  a  104  transistor  ON/OFF  and    10  switching  ON/OFF  ratios  that  outcompete  state-of-the-art  memtransistor  prototypes.  The  small  channel  length  and  large  channel  width,  defined  with  respect  to  the  MoS2  grain  size,  augment  the  points  of  intersection  of  grain  boundaries  and  contact  edges,  where  resistive  switching  is  hypothesized  to  occur.  Finite-element  simulations  reveal  enhanced  electrostatic  effects  and  band  bending  near  the  source  contact  in  the  back-gated  design  compared  to  incumbent  top-gated  memtransistors  that  enable  voltage  reduction  without  compromising  memristive  and  transistor  performance. 
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0163.
■650  4▼aNanotechnology
■650  4▼aMaterials  science
■650  4▼aEngineering
■653    ▼aMachine  learning
■653    ▼aMemtransistors
■653    ▼aNeuromorphic  computing
■653    ▼aGate-tunable  learning
■653    ▼aNeural  networks
■690    ▼a0794
■690    ▼a0652
■690    ▼a0800
■690    ▼a0537
■71020▼aNorthwestern  University▼bMaterials  Science  and  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-11B.
■790    ▼a0163
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160506▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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