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Investigating the Associations of Environmental Exposures and Neighborhood Factors Across the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pre-Kindergarten Reading and Mathematics Scores: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Investigating the Associations of Environmental Exposures and Neighborhood Factors Across ...
Investigating the Associations of Environmental Exposures and Neighborhood Factors Across the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pre-Kindergarten Reading and Mathematics Scores: A Retrospective Cohort Study

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20250211153112
ISBN  
9798384461845
DDC  
363.7
저자명  
Lochotzki, Heather Marie.
서명/저자  
Investigating the Associations of Environmental Exposures and Neighborhood Factors Across the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pre-Kindergarten Reading and Mathematics Scores: A Retrospective Cohort Study
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Ohio State University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
149 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Hood, Darryl B.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Context: This study contributes to understanding how social and environmental factors are associated with health status and learning outcomes. It developed from a larger community-based participatory research study based in Columbus, Ohio. United States census data serves as rationale for this study, as it shows that adverse health outcomes are magnified in the vulnerable Columbus neighborhoods on the Near East Side when compared to Columbus city proper, Franklin County, and/or the state of Ohio. Environmental exposures and neighborhood factors influence these health outcomes. These exposures and factors include air pollution and sociodemographic characteristics, such as race and ethnicity, age, and income. It has also been shown that exposures to environmental stressors from the built, natural, and social environments can impact early childhood development. A community engagement model referred to as E6, Enhancing Environmental Endeavors via e-Equity, Education, and Empowerment was developed. Using this model, a multidisciplinary stakeholder team was established, and community engagement meetings were held to assess the needs of local community residents and identify potential environmental hazards associated with adverse health outcomes in those census tracts. This stakeholder team included Columbus Early Learning Centers, an early childhood education and care provider in Columbus, Ohio. Our community engagement efforts spanned from November 2019 through March 2020, as the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) "shutdown" began. Since then, COVID-19 has disrupted life and learning for everyone, particularly children living in higher-risk communities. Current national standardized test data reveals that COVID-19 has contributed to greater learning loss than the typical summer learning loss in elementary aged children. This has been termed the "COVID-19 developmental slide". It is unknown how these trends persist in pre-kindergarten aged children as they do not take standardized tests. Without the reporting of standardized test scores, learning trajectories of pre-kindergarten cohorts are not being assessed to the same extent that elementary cohorts are. In collaboration with Columbus Early Learning Centers, a stakeholder on the team, a study was implemented to investigate the timely concern of COVID-19 and place-based associations on learning outcomes in the understudied pre-kindergarten demographic. This relationship provided a rare and unique opportunity to access test score data for a pre-kindergarten cohort.Objective: The objectives of this study are to refine and establish a community engagement model and stakeholder team and to identify environmental and sociodemographic variables with evidence of effects on children's learning development and to investigate and model the associations of the COVID-19 developmental slide, environmental exposures, and neighborhood factors with test scores of children aged 3-5 years in a pre-kindergarten cohort in Columbus, Ohio.Methods: A preliminary analysis was conducted for variable identification. The final variables for the model are percent of population who are low income, percent of population who are people of color, percent of population with less than a high school education, percent of population unemployed, percent of population under 5-yrs old, percent of population over 64-years old, percent population in linguistic isolation, percent pre-1960 housing, concentration of particulate matter of 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter (PM2.5), ozone, diesel particulate matter, proximity to National Priorities List superfund sites, proximity to facilities with risk management plans, hazardous waste proximity, number of underground storage tanks in block group, wastewater discharge, transportation density, toxic chemical release (EPA Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators model), impervious surfaces, percent tree canopy, and over 80th percentile Environmental Justice Index. A local pre-kindergarten cohort was used to explore reading and mathematics scores across the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic spanned from March 11, 2020 to May 11, 2023. Correlations and linear mixed regression modeling of the environmental and neighborhood variables and reading and mathematics outcomes were carried out for this pre-kindergarten cohort.Results: A significant difference was found in pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 average reading test scores but not in pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 average mathematics scores for this pre-kindergarten cohort. Clustering of low reading scores was discovered near one CELC location. A mixed linear regression model revealed significant associations between reading and mathematics test scores and environmental and sociodemographic variables. It was found that there was a significant difference in pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 reading scores. Environmental and sociodemographic variables were statistically significantly associated with reading and mathematics scores.Discussion: This study adds COVID-19 and place-based knowledge to the literature for learning outcomes in pre-kindergarten children. It serves as a unique cohort for investigating these associations. It has brought to light limitations in conducting research within the early childhood space due to difficulties with inconsistent record keeping and data collection and inconsistent assessment administration within educational institutions. Thus, a major takeaway from this study is informing better practices for data management at the institutional level for early childhood environmental and COVID-19 associated outcomes to be explored more robustly and on a larger scale. This study interrogated research questions that can inform policy makers to promote public health and early childhood education initiatives. This research serves as a launchpad for future longitudinal environmental monitoring studies to investigate the effects of learning loss, as seen during the COVID-19 syndemic, and environmental exposures and neighborhood factors influence learning outcomes.
일반주제명  
Environmental justice
일반주제명  
Public health
일반주제명  
Environmental science
일반주제명  
Early childhood education
일반주제명  
Education
키워드  
Early childhood development
키워드  
COVID-19
키워드  
Transportation density
키워드  
Linguistic isolation
기타저자  
The Ohio State University Environmental Science
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■24510▼aInvestigating  the  Associations  of  Environmental  Exposures  and  Neighborhood  Factors  Across  the  COVID-19  Pandemic  on  Pre-Kindergarten  Reading  and  Mathematics  Scores:  A  Retrospective  Cohort  Study
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Ohio  State  University▼c2024
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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hood,  Darryl  B.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Ohio  State  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aContext:  This  study  contributes  to  understanding  how  social  and  environmental  factors  are  associated  with  health  status  and  learning  outcomes.  It  developed  from  a  larger  community-based  participatory  research  study  based  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  United  States  census  data  serves  as  rationale  for  this  study,  as  it  shows  that  adverse  health  outcomes  are  magnified  in  the  vulnerable  Columbus  neighborhoods  on  the  Near  East  Side  when  compared  to  Columbus  city  proper,  Franklin  County,  and/or  the  state  of  Ohio.  Environmental  exposures  and  neighborhood  factors  influence  these  health  outcomes.  These  exposures  and  factors  include  air  pollution  and  sociodemographic  characteristics,  such  as  race  and  ethnicity,  age,  and  income.  It  has  also  been  shown  that  exposures  to  environmental  stressors  from  the  built,  natural,  and  social  environments  can  impact  early  childhood  development.  A  community  engagement  model  referred  to  as  E6,  Enhancing  Environmental  Endeavors  via  e-Equity,  Education,  and  Empowerment  was  developed.  Using  this  model,  a  multidisciplinary  stakeholder  team  was  established,  and  community  engagement  meetings  were  held  to  assess  the  needs  of  local  community  residents  and  identify  potential  environmental  hazards  associated  with  adverse  health  outcomes  in  those  census  tracts.  This  stakeholder  team  included  Columbus  Early  Learning  Centers,  an  early  childhood  education  and  care  provider  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  Our  community  engagement  efforts  spanned  from  November  2019  through  March  2020,  as  the Coronavirus  disease  (COVID-19)  "shutdown"  began.  Since  then,  COVID-19  has  disrupted  life  and  learning  for  everyone,  particularly  children  living  in  higher-risk  communities.  Current  national  standardized  test  data  reveals  that  COVID-19  has  contributed  to  greater  learning  loss  than  the  typical  summer  learning  loss  in  elementary  aged  children.  This  has  been  termed  the  "COVID-19  developmental  slide".  It  is  unknown  how  these  trends  persist  in  pre-kindergarten  aged  children  as  they  do  not  take  standardized  tests.  Without  the  reporting  of  standardized  test  scores,  learning  trajectories  of  pre-kindergarten  cohorts  are  not  being  assessed  to  the  same  extent  that  elementary  cohorts  are.  In  collaboration  with  Columbus  Early  Learning  Centers,  a  stakeholder  on  the  team,  a  study  was  implemented  to  investigate  the  timely  concern  of  COVID-19  and  place-based  associations  on  learning  outcomes  in  the  understudied  pre-kindergarten  demographic.  This  relationship  provided  a  rare  and  unique  opportunity  to  access  test  score  data  for  a  pre-kindergarten  cohort.Objective:  The  objectives  of  this  study  are  to  refine  and  establish  a  community  engagement  model  and  stakeholder  team  and  to  identify  environmental  and  sociodemographic  variables  with  evidence  of  effects  on  children's  learning  development  and  to  investigate  and  model  the  associations  of  the  COVID-19  developmental  slide,  environmental  exposures,  and  neighborhood  factors  with  test  scores  of  children  aged  3-5  years  in  a  pre-kindergarten  cohort  in  Columbus,  Ohio.Methods:  A  preliminary  analysis  was  conducted  for  variable  identification.  The  final  variables  for  the  model  are  percent  of  population  who  are  low  income,  percent  of  population  who  are  people  of  color,  percent  of  population  with  less  than  a  high  school  education,  percent  of  population  unemployed,  percent  of  population  under  5-yrs  old,  percent  of  population  over  64-years  old,  percent  population  in  linguistic  isolation,  percent  pre-1960  housing,  concentration  of  particulate  matter  of  2.5  micrometers  or  less  in  diameter  (PM2.5),  ozone,  diesel  particulate  matter,  proximity  to  National  Priorities  List  superfund  sites,  proximity  to  facilities  with  risk  management  plans,  hazardous  waste  proximity,  number  of  underground  storage  tanks  in  block  group,  wastewater  discharge,  transportation  density,  toxic  chemical  release  (EPA  Risk-Screening  Environmental  Indicators  model),  impervious  surfaces,  percent  tree  canopy,  and  over  80th  percentile  Environmental  Justice  Index.  A  local  pre-kindergarten  cohort  was  used  to  explore  reading  and  mathematics  scores  across  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  The  COVID-19  pandemic  spanned  from  March  11,  2020  to  May  11,  2023.  Correlations  and  linear  mixed  regression  modeling  of  the  environmental  and  neighborhood  variables  and  reading  and  mathematics  outcomes  were  carried  out  for  this  pre-kindergarten  cohort.Results:  A  significant  difference  was  found  in  pre-COVID-19  and  post-COVID-19  average  reading  test  scores  but  not  in  pre-COVID-19  and  post-COVID-19  average  mathematics  scores  for  this  pre-kindergarten  cohort.  Clustering  of  low  reading  scores  was  discovered  near  one  CELC  location.  A  mixed  linear  regression  model  revealed  significant  associations  between  reading  and  mathematics  test  scores  and  environmental  and sociodemographic  variables.  It  was  found  that  there  was  a  significant  difference  in  pre-COVID-19  and  post-COVID-19  reading  scores.  Environmental  and  sociodemographic  variables  were  statistically  significantly  associated  with  reading  and  mathematics  scores.Discussion:  This  study  adds  COVID-19  and  place-based  knowledge  to  the  literature  for  learning  outcomes  in  pre-kindergarten  children.  It  serves  as  a  unique  cohort  for  investigating  these  associations.  It  has  brought  to  light  limitations  in  conducting  research  within  the  early  childhood  space  due  to  difficulties  with  inconsistent  record  keeping  and  data  collection  and  inconsistent  assessment  administration  within  educational  institutions.  Thus,  a  major  takeaway  from  this  study  is  informing  better  practices  for  data  management  at  the  institutional  level  for  early  childhood  environmental  and  COVID-19  associated  outcomes  to  be  explored  more  robustly  and  on  a  larger  scale.  This  study  interrogated  research  questions  that  can  inform  policy  makers  to  promote  public  health  and  early  childhood  education  initiatives.  This  research  serves  as  a  launchpad  for  future  longitudinal  environmental  monitoring  studies  to  investigate  the  effects  of  learning  loss,  as  seen  during  the  COVID-19  syndemic,  and  environmental  exposures  and  neighborhood  factors  influence  learning  outcomes.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0168.
■650  4▼aEnvironmental  justice
■650  4▼aPublic  health
■650  4▼aEnvironmental  science
■650  4▼aEarly  childhood  education
■650  4▼aEducation
■653    ▼aEarly  childhood  development
■653    ▼aCOVID-19
■653    ▼aTransportation  density
■653    ▼aLinguistic  isolation
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■690    ▼a0619
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■690    ▼a0573
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■71020▼aThe  Ohio  State  University▼bEnvironmental  Science.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-04B.
■790    ▼a0168
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17165000▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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