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Neutral Fueling and Exhaust in the Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak With Resonant Magnetic Perturbations
Neutral Fueling and Exhaust in the Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak With Resonant Magnetic Pe...
Neutral Fueling and Exhaust in the Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak With Resonant Magnetic Perturbations

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104813
ISBN  
9798288881381
DDC  
530
저자명  
Flesch, Kurt.
서명/저자  
Neutral Fueling and Exhaust in the Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak With Resonant Magnetic Perturbations
발행사항  
[Sl] : The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
172 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Schmitz, Oliver.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Protecting plasma-facing components from damaging amounts of heat and particle fluxes is vital for the development of fusion power plants. Particularly when operating in H-mode, high levels of transient plasma fluxes to material surfaces are expected due to energy and particle losses from a plasma instability called Edge Localized Modes (ELM). In order to mitigate ELMs, small amplitude Resonant Magnetic Perturbation (RMPs) fields are used. However, they induce an open chaotic edge layer and a 3D shape of the plasma boundary. It is observed that in this new edge condition, ELM suppression by RMPs is accompanied by a reduction in plasma density, called particle pump-out. The cause of this particle pump-out was studied in this work through analysis of both experimental data and simulation modeling. For experiments, the Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) was used and the modeling was conducted with the fully 3D fluid plasma edge and kinetic neutral transport code EMC3-EIRENE. We consider both an H-mode scenario as well as an low confinement L-mode scenario at MAST, in order to investigate if there is a universal underlying mechanism that drives the pump-out. As a first step, a single reservoir balance model was applied to these 2 experimental scenarios. This model equates rate of change of the total number of plasma particles in the confined volume to the particle sources and sinks. In this case, the source is the ionization processes that fuel the plasma. This particle source rate must be very well defined to use in the particle balance and was determined from measured Dα emission in the plasma edge and the local plasma conditions. To account for any stray reflected light that did not come from the edge, a virtual diagnostic was made using the CHERAB code which found only approximately 3.5% of the light came from reflections. Calculating the fueling rate supports that particle fueling is increased as the RMPs were applied. This implies within the single reservoir particle balance that the average particle confinement time in the plasma decreased by 15% in the L-mode scenario and 10% in the H-mode. This first analysis suggests that the density drop is caused by a loss of confinement and not a reduced particle source. To investigate the role of the particle source in detail, a multi-reservoir particle balance model was used. This model includes reservoirs for the plasma, atoms, molecules, and wall particles with typical residing times and has terms for interactions among all of them. The terms for the wall surface interaction and molecular dissociation terms were modified from those originally included in the model. Results from the model were able to match well when compared to the experimental values of plasma density, Dα emission, and neutral pressure. The remaining free term in the particle balance after this step was the fueling efficiency. To test whether a change in efficiency could explain the particle pump-out, a 15% drop in fueling efficiency was introduced in the multi-reservoir model for the L-mode scenario when the RMPs were applied and 10% drop for the H-mode and the confinement time was raised to match the unperturbed cases. The results for density, Dα emission, and pressure with a decreased fueling efficiency were nearly identical to the results with the decreased confinement time, indicating that due to the global nature and approximations used in this model, a change in confinement or a change in particle fueling source efficiency would be indistinguishable. In order to parse this difference farther, the EMC3-EIRENE code was used to model these scenarios and inspect the impact of the 3-D nature of the magnetic structure of the open chaotic layer on the particle fueling efficiency. By following field lines in the edge of the plasma, it was seen that regions of the plasma where ionzations occur that were previously on good flux surfaces now occur on open chaotic field lines with direct connections to the divertor targets. The ionization source and flow velocities in these regions have the same characteristics as the unperturbed Scrape Off Layer (SOL), or a slightly extended SOL. By following field lines 100 m from the divertor surfaces, the length of this new extended SOL in the chaotic region, a new volume of the simulation domain can be determined where the particle transport is dominated by parallel convection, and therefore ionizations occurring on these open field lines cannot contribute to the confined plasma. The connection length to define this open volume was constrained based on a 3D analysis of the finite plasma flows towards the target in terms of the Mach number in the EMC3-EIRENE solution. From this analysis, a fueling efficiency was determined by comparing the fueling within the confined plasma in the axisymmetric cases to the RMP cases where the confined volume was constrained by this physics based approach to defining the new SOL with direct connection to the divertor. This showed a decrease in the fueling efficiency when RMPs are applied of 21% for H-mode and 12% for L-mode because of the existence of the new SOL layer formed by the open chaotic field domain.
일반주제명  
Plasma physics
일반주제명  
Nuclear physics
일반주제명  
Nuclear engineering
일반주제명  
Particle physics
키워드  
Fusion energy
키워드  
Resonant Magnetic Perturbation
키워드  
Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak
키워드  
Edge Localized Modes
키워드  
Scrape Off Layer
기타저자  
The University of Wisconsin - Madison Nuclear Engineering & Engineering Physics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aFlesch,  Kurt.
■24510▼aNeutral  Fueling  and  Exhaust  in  the  Mega-Ampere  Spherical  Tokamak  With  Resonant  Magnetic  Perturbations
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a172  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Schmitz,  Oliver.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison,  2025.
■520    ▼aProtecting  plasma-facing  components  from  damaging  amounts  of  heat  and  particle  fluxes  is  vital  for  the  development  of  fusion  power  plants.  Particularly  when  operating  in  H-mode,  high  levels  of  transient  plasma  fluxes  to  material  surfaces  are  expected  due  to  energy  and  particle  losses  from  a  plasma  instability  called  Edge  Localized  Modes  (ELM).  In  order  to  mitigate  ELMs,  small  amplitude  Resonant  Magnetic  Perturbation  (RMPs)  fields  are  used.  However,  they  induce  an  open  chaotic  edge  layer  and  a  3D  shape  of  the  plasma  boundary.  It  is  observed  that  in  this  new  edge  condition,  ELM  suppression  by  RMPs  is  accompanied  by  a  reduction  in  plasma  density,  called  particle  pump-out.  The  cause  of  this  particle  pump-out  was  studied  in  this  work  through  analysis  of  both  experimental  data  and  simulation  modeling.  For  experiments,  the  Mega-Ampere  Spherical  Tokamak  (MAST)  was  used  and  the  modeling  was  conducted  with  the  fully  3D  fluid  plasma  edge  and  kinetic  neutral  transport  code  EMC3-EIRENE.  We  consider  both  an  H-mode  scenario  as  well  as  an  low  confinement  L-mode  scenario  at  MAST,  in  order  to  investigate  if  there  is  a  universal  underlying  mechanism  that  drives  the  pump-out.  As  a  first  step,  a  single  reservoir  balance  model  was  applied  to  these  2  experimental  scenarios.  This  model  equates  rate  of  change  of  the  total  number  of  plasma  particles  in  the  confined  volume  to  the  particle  sources  and  sinks.  In  this  case,  the  source  is  the  ionization  processes  that  fuel  the  plasma.  This  particle  source  rate  must  be  very  well  defined  to  use  in  the  particle  balance  and  was  determined  from  measured  Dα  emission  in  the  plasma  edge  and  the  local  plasma  conditions.  To  account  for  any  stray  reflected  light  that  did  not  come  from  the  edge,  a  virtual  diagnostic  was  made  using  the  CHERAB  code  which  found  only  approximately  3.5%  of  the  light  came  from  reflections.  Calculating  the  fueling  rate  supports  that  particle  fueling  is  increased  as  the  RMPs  were  applied.  This  implies  within  the  single  reservoir  particle  balance  that  the  average  particle  confinement  time  in  the  plasma  decreased  by  15%  in  the  L-mode  scenario  and  10%  in  the  H-mode. This  first  analysis  suggests  that  the  density  drop  is  caused  by  a  loss  of  confinement  and  not  a  reduced  particle  source.  To  investigate  the  role  of  the  particle  source  in  detail,  a  multi-reservoir  particle  balance  model  was  used.  This  model  includes  reservoirs  for  the  plasma,  atoms,  molecules,  and  wall  particles  with  typical  residing  times  and  has  terms  for  interactions  among  all  of  them.  The  terms  for  the  wall  surface  interaction  and  molecular  dissociation  terms  were  modified  from  those  originally  included  in  the  model.  Results  from  the  model  were  able  to  match  well  when  compared  to  the  experimental  values  of  plasma  density,  Dα  emission,  and  neutral  pressure.  The  remaining  free  term  in  the  particle  balance  after  this  step  was  the  fueling  efficiency.  To  test  whether  a  change  in  efficiency  could  explain  the  particle  pump-out,  a  15%  drop  in  fueling  efficiency  was  introduced  in  the  multi-reservoir  model  for  the  L-mode  scenario  when  the  RMPs  were  applied  and  10%  drop  for  the  H-mode  and  the  confinement  time  was  raised  to  match  the  unperturbed  cases.  The  results  for  density,  Dα  emission,  and  pressure  with  a  decreased  fueling  efficiency  were  nearly  identical  to  the  results  with  the  decreased  confinement  time,  indicating  that  due  to  the  global  nature  and  approximations  used  in  this  model,  a  change  in  confinement  or  a  change  in  particle  fueling  source  efficiency  would  be  indistinguishable.  In  order  to  parse  this  difference  farther,  the  EMC3-EIRENE  code  was  used  to  model  these  scenarios  and  inspect  the  impact  of  the  3-D  nature  of  the  magnetic  structure  of  the  open  chaotic  layer  on  the  particle  fueling  efficiency.  By  following  field  lines  in  the  edge  of  the  plasma,  it  was  seen  that  regions  of  the  plasma  where  ionzations  occur  that  were  previously  on  good  flux  surfaces  now  occur  on  open  chaotic  field  lines  with  direct  connections  to  the  divertor  targets.  The  ionization  source  and  flow  velocities  in  these  regions  have  the  same  characteristics  as  the  unperturbed  Scrape  Off  Layer  (SOL),  or  a  slightly  extended  SOL.  By  following  field  lines  100  m  from  the  divertor  surfaces,  the  length  of  this  new  extended  SOL  in  the  chaotic  region,  a  new  volume  of  the  simulation  domain  can  be  determined  where  the  particle  transport  is  dominated  by  parallel  convection,  and  therefore  ionizations  occurring  on  these  open  field  lines  cannot  contribute  to  the  confined  plasma.  The  connection  length  to  define  this  open  volume  was  constrained  based  on  a  3D  analysis  of  the  finite  plasma  flows  towards  the  target  in  terms  of  the  Mach  number  in  the  EMC3-EIRENE  solution.  From  this  analysis,  a  fueling  efficiency  was  determined  by  comparing  the  fueling  within  the  confined  plasma  in  the  axisymmetric  cases  to  the  RMP  cases  where  the  confined  volume  was  constrained  by  this  physics  based  approach  to  defining  the  new  SOL  with  direct  connection  to  the  divertor.  This  showed  a  decrease  in  the  fueling  efficiency  when  RMPs  are  applied  of  21%  for  H-mode  and  12%  for  L-mode  because  of  the  existence  of  the  new  SOL  layer  formed  by  the  open  chaotic  field  domain.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0262.
■650  4▼aPlasma  physics
■650  4▼aNuclear  physics
■650  4▼aNuclear  engineering
■650  4▼aParticle  physics
■653    ▼aFusion  energy
■653    ▼aResonant  Magnetic  Perturbation
■653    ▼aMega-Ampere  Spherical  Tokamak
■653    ▼aEdge  Localized  Modes
■653    ▼aScrape  Off  Layer  
■690    ▼a0759
■690    ▼a0552
■690    ▼a0756
■690    ▼a0798
■71020▼aThe  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison▼bNuclear  Engineering  &  Engineering  Physics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0262
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358947▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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