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Soil Nitrogen Dynamics and Plant-Microbial Interactions in Climate Smart Forage Cropping Systems in Rwanda
Soil Nitrogen Dynamics and Plant-Microbial Interactions in Climate Smart Forage Cropping S...
Soil Nitrogen Dynamics and Plant-Microbial Interactions in Climate Smart Forage Cropping Systems in Rwanda

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202102936
ISBN  
9798286455584
DDC  
630
저자명  
Schaedel, Marie Elena.
서명/저자  
Soil Nitrogen Dynamics and Plant-Microbial Interactions in Climate Smart Forage Cropping Systems in Rwanda
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Minnesota, 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
형태사항  
258 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Grossman, Julie M.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota, 2023.
초록/해제  
요약Rwanda's nascent dairy industry holds promise for millions of small farmers as both a pathway out of poverty and a remedy for malnutrition. Dairy production in Rwanda is primarily limited by the seasonal availability of forage. A forage is a crop grown for use as animal feed or making silage. However, forage crop production in Rwanda is limited by the intersecting challenges of climate change and declining soil fertility. Climate-smart forages include perennial varieties that offer improvements over local feed sources in their contributions to soil health, nutritional quality, and potential to reduce adverse ecological impacts of farming. Encouraging smallholder livestock farmers to adopt these forage varieties is viewed as a multifunctional intervention that could mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through improved livestock digestion, fill dry season feed gaps, and contribute to sustainable soil nutrient cycling. While there is a growing body of research suggesting climate smart forages improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency for reduced GHG emissions and improved soil fertility, evidence of farm scale applicability is lacking. The goal of this thesis work was to address critical research gaps that currently limit the adoption of novel perennial forage cropping systems with multifunctional benefits in Rwanda. We focused on the underexplored realm of plant-soil-microbial interactions that facilitate N supply, N transfer, and N retention in tropical rainfed agroecosystems.To determine whether climate smart forage crops impact microbial N cycling activity under a typical smallholder management regime, we collected plant and soil samplings from three replicated field trials in Rwanda. Forage treatments in each location included Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) as the baseline and the climate smart Brachiaria (Urochloa) cv. Mulato II; both of these perennial grasses were grown alone or intercropped with the perennial legume Desmodium sp. As the farmer-preferred annual forage crop, maize was also included. We quantified several N fractions and assayed for nitrification potential (NP) and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA). Additionally, we collected rhizosphere soil samples to characterize forage-associated bacterial and fungal communities. Finally, we collected forage leaf tissue to measure nutritive quality and calculate biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in intercropped Desmodium.Ultimately, our results support the use of perennial forage crops and innovative perennial legume cropping systems in East Africa and Rwanda in particular. The inclusion of a legume intercrop did not stimulate microbial processes that lead to potential N loss and offered tangible agronomic benefits in terms of forage tissue quality in the companion crop. While maize plots suppressed the growth of nitrifying archaea and bacteria, Brachiaria plots were more resilient to changes in N cycling activity during a dry to wet seasonal transition than maize plots. Using network analysis, we showed that the functional potential of the nitrogen cycling community is seasonally dynamic, with fewer biochemical pathways for N loss in the rainy season. We also found that BNF increased in intercropping arrangements relative to single-cropped Desmodium by 91.6 - 147.1% on average in intercropped stands with Brachiaria and C. purpureus but not maize. Intercropping also induced positive changes in non-legume tissue quality and associated microbial communities in a species- and site-dependent manner.
일반주제명  
Agriculture
일반주제명  
Soil sciences
일반주제명  
Agronomy
일반주제명  
Agricultural chemistry
일반주제명  
Nutrition
키워드  
Greenhouse gas
키워드  
Malnutrition
키워드  
Soil nutrient cycling
키워드  
Agroecosystems
키워드  
N cycling activity
기타저자  
University of Minnesota Applied Plant Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■020    ▼a9798286455584
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI30490249
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a630
■1001  ▼aSchaedel,  Marie  Elena.
■24510▼aSoil  Nitrogen  Dynamics  and  Plant-Microbial  Interactions  in  Climate  Smart  Forage  Cropping  Systems  in  Rwanda
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Minnesota▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2023
■300    ▼a258  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Grossman,  Julie  M.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Minnesota,  2023.
■520    ▼aRwanda's  nascent  dairy  industry  holds  promise  for  millions  of  small  farmers  as  both  a  pathway  out  of  poverty  and  a  remedy  for  malnutrition.  Dairy  production  in  Rwanda  is  primarily  limited  by  the  seasonal  availability  of  forage.  A  forage  is  a  crop  grown  for  use  as  animal  feed  or  making  silage.  However,  forage  crop  production  in  Rwanda  is  limited  by  the  intersecting  challenges  of  climate  change  and  declining  soil  fertility.  Climate-smart  forages  include  perennial  varieties  that  offer  improvements  over  local  feed  sources  in  their  contributions  to  soil  health,  nutritional  quality,  and  potential  to  reduce  adverse  ecological  impacts  of  farming.  Encouraging  smallholder  livestock  farmers  to  adopt  these  forage  varieties  is  viewed  as  a  multifunctional  intervention  that  could  mitigate  greenhouse  gas  (GHG)  emissions  through  improved  livestock  digestion,  fill  dry  season  feed  gaps,  and  contribute  to  sustainable  soil  nutrient  cycling.  While  there  is  a  growing  body  of  research  suggesting  climate  smart  forages  improve  nitrogen  (N)  use  efficiency  for  reduced  GHG  emissions  and  improved  soil  fertility,  evidence  of  farm  scale  applicability  is  lacking.  The  goal  of  this  thesis  work  was  to  address  critical  research  gaps  that  currently  limit  the  adoption  of  novel  perennial  forage  cropping  systems  with  multifunctional  benefits  in  Rwanda.  We  focused  on  the  underexplored  realm  of  plant-soil-microbial  interactions  that  facilitate  N  supply,  N  transfer,  and  N  retention  in  tropical  rainfed  agroecosystems.To  determine  whether  climate  smart  forage  crops  impact  microbial  N  cycling  activity  under  a  typical  smallholder  management  regime,  we  collected  plant  and  soil  samplings  from  three  replicated  field  trials  in  Rwanda.  Forage  treatments  in  each  location  included  Napier  grass  (Cenchrus  purpureus)  as  the  baseline  and  the  climate  smart  Brachiaria  (Urochloa)  cv.  Mulato  II;  both  of  these  perennial  grasses  were  grown  alone  or  intercropped  with  the  perennial  legume  Desmodium  sp.  As  the  farmer-preferred  annual  forage  crop,  maize  was  also  included.  We  quantified  several  N  fractions  and  assayed  for  nitrification  potential  (NP)  and  denitrification  enzyme  activity  (DEA).  Additionally,  we  collected  rhizosphere  soil  samples  to  characterize  forage-associated  bacterial  and  fungal  communities.  Finally,  we  collected  forage  leaf  tissue  to  measure  nutritive  quality  and  calculate  biological  nitrogen  fixation  (BNF)  in  intercropped  Desmodium.Ultimately,  our  results  support  the  use  of  perennial  forage  crops  and  innovative  perennial  legume  cropping  systems  in  East  Africa  and  Rwanda  in  particular.  The  inclusion  of  a  legume  intercrop  did  not  stimulate  microbial  processes  that  lead  to  potential  N  loss  and  offered  tangible  agronomic  benefits  in  terms  of  forage  tissue  quality  in  the  companion  crop.  While  maize  plots  suppressed  the  growth  of  nitrifying  archaea  and  bacteria,  Brachiaria  plots  were  more  resilient  to  changes  in  N  cycling  activity  during  a  dry  to  wet  seasonal  transition  than  maize  plots.  Using  network  analysis,  we  showed  that  the  functional  potential  of  the  nitrogen  cycling  community  is  seasonally  dynamic,  with  fewer  biochemical  pathways  for  N  loss  in  the  rainy  season.  We  also  found  that  BNF  increased  in  intercropping  arrangements  relative  to  single-cropped  Desmodium  by  91.6  -  147.1%  on  average  in  intercropped  stands  with  Brachiaria  and  C.  purpureus  but  not  maize.  Intercropping  also  induced  positive  changes  in  non-legume  tissue  quality  and  associated  microbial  communities  in  a  species-  and  site-dependent  manner.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0130.
■650  4▼aAgriculture
■650  4▼aSoil  sciences
■650  4▼aAgronomy
■650  4▼aAgricultural  chemistry
■650  4▼aNutrition
■653    ▼aGreenhouse  gas
■653    ▼aMalnutrition
■653    ▼aSoil  nutrient  cycling
■653    ▼aAgroecosystems
■653    ▼aN  cycling  activity  
■690    ▼a0473
■690    ▼a0481
■690    ▼a0749
■690    ▼a0570
■690    ▼a0285
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Minnesota▼bApplied  Plant  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0130
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356498▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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