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The Role of Underlying DNA Sequence and Associated RNA in Centromeric Chromatin Identity and Maintenance
The Role of Underlying DNA Sequence and Associated RNA in Centromeric Chromatin Identity and Maintenance
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202104849
- ISBN
- 9798288815058
- DDC
- 572.6
- 서명/저자
- The Role of Underlying DNA Sequence and Associated RNA in Centromeric Chromatin Identity and Maintenance
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : Stanford University, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 185 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Straight, Aaron.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Faithful chromosome segregation through each round of cell division in eukaryotes is mediated by attachment of the mitotic spindle to a specialized region of chromatin known as the centromere. The underlying DNA at centromeres in many organisms is composed of tandem repeat arrays collectively known as satellite DNA which undergo rapid evolution and vary widely across organisms, cell types, and even across chromosomes within the same cell. The sequence divergence and repetitive nature of satellite DNA has limited our understanding of its function in defining the location of the active centromere. In many metazoans, centromeres are defined epigenetically by the presence of the histone H3 variant, CENP-A. After DNA replication, CENP-A is replenished by centromere specific assembly machinery, but the exact mechanism that restricts CENP-A to the existing centromere is not completely known. This work focused on investigating two potential ways the underlying sequence may be contributing to establishing and maintaining a functional centromere. The first is by direct binding of CENP-A assembly machinery to centromeric DNA. The second potential role of centromeric sequences is to code for RNA that either recruits other factors or directly mediates centromeric chromatin regulation.Previous work in our lab as well as others demonstrated that the Mis18 binding protein, M18BP1, is critical for CENP-A assembly and localizes to the centromere even in the absence of most other centromere components including CENP-A. To determine whether CENP-A assembly is directed in part by M18BP1 sequence recognition, we identified and mapped three domains within M18BP1 that are capable of binding nucleic acid. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays we determined that each domain had a slightly higher affinity for satellite DNA compared to control. We also observed a localization defect of M18BP1 mutants lacking the first or second nucleic acid binding domain.Investigating the potential sequence contribution in centromeric chromatin regulation necessitates a detailed understanding of the underlying sequence and associated RNAs. We developed multiple k-mer based computational tools to identify and classify centromeric sequences in high-throughput sequencing data. Using these tools as well as long-read sequencing technology we characterized centromeric sequences in African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis, empowering the use of in vitro egg extract to study the role of DNA sequence in centromere establishment and maintenance. We also classified centromeric sequences in chromatin-associated RNA sequencing (ChAR-seq) data to map centromere-associated RNAs as well as the contact patterns of centromere derived RNAs. This work generated the first comprehensive list of centromere-associated RNAs and revealed repeat array specific RNA-DNA contact patterns. In sum, we have characterized RNA and DNA sequences at the centromere in both humans and X. laevis facilitating further study into their potential roles in establishing and maintaining centromere identity. We have also identified a mechanism by which centromeric sequences may contribute to M18BP1 mediated CENP-A assembly at the centromere. Overall, this work has advanced our understanding of the role of RNA and DNA in centromeric chromatin regulation.
- 일반주제명
- RNA polymerase
- 일반주제명
- Satellite DNA
- 일반주제명
- Chromosomes
- 일반주제명
- Amino acids
- 일반주제명
- Genomes
- 일반주제명
- Epigenetics
- 일반주제명
- Satellites
- 일반주제명
- Stem cells
- 일반주제명
- Cell cycle
- 일반주제명
- Cellular biology
- 일반주제명
- Molecular biology
- 키워드
- Eukaryotes
- 키워드
- Xenopus laevis
- 기타저자
- Stanford University.
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a572.6
■1001 ▼aFryer, Kelsey Anne.
■24510▼aThe Role of Underlying DNA Sequence and Associated RNA in Centromeric Chromatin Identity and Maintenance
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford University▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a185 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Straight, Aaron.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2025.
■520 ▼aFaithful chromosome segregation through each round of cell division in eukaryotes is mediated by attachment of the mitotic spindle to a specialized region of chromatin known as the centromere. The underlying DNA at centromeres in many organisms is composed of tandem repeat arrays collectively known as satellite DNA which undergo rapid evolution and vary widely across organisms, cell types, and even across chromosomes within the same cell. The sequence divergence and repetitive nature of satellite DNA has limited our understanding of its function in defining the location of the active centromere. In many metazoans, centromeres are defined epigenetically by the presence of the histone H3 variant, CENP-A. After DNA replication, CENP-A is replenished by centromere specific assembly machinery, but the exact mechanism that restricts CENP-A to the existing centromere is not completely known. This work focused on investigating two potential ways the underlying sequence may be contributing to establishing and maintaining a functional centromere. The first is by direct binding of CENP-A assembly machinery to centromeric DNA. The second potential role of centromeric sequences is to code for RNA that either recruits other factors or directly mediates centromeric chromatin regulation.Previous work in our lab as well as others demonstrated that the Mis18 binding protein, M18BP1, is critical for CENP-A assembly and localizes to the centromere even in the absence of most other centromere components including CENP-A. To determine whether CENP-A assembly is directed in part by M18BP1 sequence recognition, we identified and mapped three domains within M18BP1 that are capable of binding nucleic acid. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays we determined that each domain had a slightly higher affinity for satellite DNA compared to control. We also observed a localization defect of M18BP1 mutants lacking the first or second nucleic acid binding domain.Investigating the potential sequence contribution in centromeric chromatin regulation necessitates a detailed understanding of the underlying sequence and associated RNAs. We developed multiple k-mer based computational tools to identify and classify centromeric sequences in high-throughput sequencing data. Using these tools as well as long-read sequencing technology we characterized centromeric sequences in African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis, empowering the use of in vitro egg extract to study the role of DNA sequence in centromere establishment and maintenance. We also classified centromeric sequences in chromatin-associated RNA sequencing (ChAR-seq) data to map centromere-associated RNAs as well as the contact patterns of centromere derived RNAs. This work generated the first comprehensive list of centromere-associated RNAs and revealed repeat array specific RNA-DNA contact patterns. In sum, we have characterized RNA and DNA sequences at the centromere in both humans and X. laevis facilitating further study into their potential roles in establishing and maintaining centromere identity. We have also identified a mechanism by which centromeric sequences may contribute to M18BP1 mediated CENP-A assembly at the centromere. Overall, this work has advanced our understanding of the role of RNA and DNA in centromeric chromatin regulation.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0212.
■650 4▼aRNA polymerase
■650 4▼aSatellite DNA
■650 4▼aChromosomes
■650 4▼aAmino acids
■650 4▼aGenomes
■650 4▼aEpigenetics
■650 4▼aSatellites
■650 4▼aStem cells
■650 4▼aCell cycle
■650 4▼aCellular biology
■650 4▼aMolecular biology
■653 ▼aChromosome segregation
■653 ▼aEukaryotes
■653 ▼aXenopus laevis
■653 ▼aAfrican clawed frogs
■690 ▼a0379
■690 ▼a0307
■71020▼aStanford University.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-02B.
■790 ▼a0212
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359204▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


