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The Role of Underlying DNA Sequence and Associated RNA in Centromeric Chromatin Identity and Maintenance
The Role of Underlying DNA Sequence and Associated RNA in Centromeric Chromatin Identity a...
The Role of Underlying DNA Sequence and Associated RNA in Centromeric Chromatin Identity and Maintenance

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104849
ISBN  
9798288815058
DDC  
572.6
저자명  
Fryer, Kelsey Anne.
서명/저자  
The Role of Underlying DNA Sequence and Associated RNA in Centromeric Chromatin Identity and Maintenance
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
185 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Straight, Aaron.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Faithful chromosome segregation through each round of cell division in eukaryotes is mediated by attachment of the mitotic spindle to a specialized region of chromatin known as the centromere. The underlying DNA at centromeres in many organisms is composed of tandem repeat arrays collectively known as satellite DNA which undergo rapid evolution and vary widely across organisms, cell types, and even across chromosomes within the same cell. The sequence divergence and repetitive nature of satellite DNA has limited our understanding of its function in defining the location of the active centromere. In many metazoans, centromeres are defined epigenetically by the presence of the histone H3 variant, CENP-A. After DNA replication, CENP-A is replenished by centromere specific assembly machinery, but the exact mechanism that restricts CENP-A to the existing centromere is not completely known. This work focused on investigating two potential ways the underlying sequence may be contributing to establishing and maintaining a functional centromere. The first is by direct binding of CENP-A assembly machinery to centromeric DNA. The second potential role of centromeric sequences is to code for RNA that either recruits other factors or directly mediates centromeric chromatin regulation.Previous work in our lab as well as others demonstrated that the Mis18 binding protein, M18BP1, is critical for CENP-A assembly and localizes to the centromere even in the absence of most other centromere components including CENP-A. To determine whether CENP-A assembly is directed in part by M18BP1 sequence recognition, we identified and mapped three domains within M18BP1 that are capable of binding nucleic acid. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays we determined that each domain had a slightly higher affinity for satellite DNA compared to control. We also observed a localization defect of M18BP1 mutants lacking the first or second nucleic acid binding domain.Investigating the potential sequence contribution in centromeric chromatin regulation necessitates a detailed understanding of the underlying sequence and associated RNAs. We developed multiple k-mer based computational tools to identify and classify centromeric sequences in high-throughput sequencing data. Using these tools as well as long-read sequencing technology we characterized centromeric sequences in African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis, empowering the use of in vitro egg extract to study the role of DNA sequence in centromere establishment and maintenance. We also classified centromeric sequences in chromatin-associated RNA sequencing (ChAR-seq) data to map centromere-associated RNAs as well as the contact patterns of centromere derived RNAs. This work generated the first comprehensive list of centromere-associated RNAs and revealed repeat array specific RNA-DNA contact patterns. In sum, we have characterized RNA and DNA sequences at the centromere in both humans and X. laevis facilitating further study into their potential roles in establishing and maintaining centromere identity. We have also identified a mechanism by which centromeric sequences may contribute to M18BP1 mediated CENP-A assembly at the centromere. Overall, this work has advanced our understanding of the role of RNA and DNA in centromeric chromatin regulation. 
일반주제명  
RNA polymerase
일반주제명  
Satellite DNA
일반주제명  
Chromosomes
일반주제명  
Amino acids
일반주제명  
Genomes
일반주제명  
Epigenetics
일반주제명  
Satellites
일반주제명  
Stem cells
일반주제명  
Cell cycle
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
키워드  
Chromosome segregation
키워드  
Eukaryotes
키워드  
Xenopus laevis
키워드  
African clawed frogs
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798288815058
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32200938
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)Stanforddg033bv5231
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a572.6
■1001  ▼aFryer,  Kelsey  Anne.
■24510▼aThe  Role  of  Underlying  DNA  Sequence  and  Associated  RNA  in  Centromeric  Chromatin  Identity  and  Maintenance
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a185  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Straight,  Aaron.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aFaithful  chromosome  segregation  through  each  round  of  cell  division  in  eukaryotes  is  mediated  by  attachment  of  the  mitotic  spindle  to  a  specialized  region  of  chromatin  known  as  the  centromere.  The  underlying  DNA  at  centromeres  in  many  organisms  is  composed  of  tandem  repeat  arrays  collectively  known  as  satellite  DNA  which  undergo  rapid  evolution  and  vary  widely  across  organisms,  cell  types,  and  even  across  chromosomes  within  the  same  cell.  The  sequence  divergence  and  repetitive  nature  of  satellite  DNA  has  limited  our  understanding  of  its  function  in  defining  the  location  of  the  active  centromere.  In  many  metazoans,  centromeres  are  defined  epigenetically  by  the  presence  of  the  histone  H3  variant,  CENP-A.  After  DNA  replication,  CENP-A  is  replenished  by  centromere  specific  assembly  machinery,  but  the  exact  mechanism  that  restricts  CENP-A  to  the  existing  centromere  is  not  completely  known.  This  work  focused  on  investigating  two  potential  ways  the  underlying  sequence  may  be  contributing  to  establishing  and  maintaining  a  functional  centromere.  The  first  is  by  direct  binding  of  CENP-A  assembly  machinery  to  centromeric  DNA.  The  second  potential  role  of  centromeric  sequences  is  to  code  for  RNA  that  either  recruits  other  factors  or  directly  mediates  centromeric  chromatin  regulation.Previous  work  in  our  lab  as  well  as  others  demonstrated  that  the  Mis18  binding  protein,  M18BP1,  is  critical  for  CENP-A  assembly  and  localizes  to  the  centromere  even  in  the  absence  of  most  other  centromere  components  including  CENP-A.  To  determine  whether  CENP-A  assembly  is  directed  in  part  by  M18BP1  sequence  recognition,  we  identified  and  mapped  three  domains  within  M18BP1  that  are  capable  of  binding  nucleic  acid.  Using  electrophoretic  mobility  shift  assays  we  determined  that  each  domain  had  a  slightly  higher  affinity  for  satellite  DNA  compared  to  control.  We  also  observed  a  localization  defect  of  M18BP1  mutants  lacking  the  first  or  second  nucleic  acid  binding  domain.Investigating  the  potential  sequence  contribution  in  centromeric  chromatin  regulation  necessitates  a  detailed  understanding  of  the  underlying  sequence  and  associated  RNAs.  We  developed  multiple  k-mer  based  computational  tools  to  identify  and  classify  centromeric  sequences  in  high-throughput  sequencing  data.  Using  these  tools  as  well  as  long-read  sequencing  technology  we  characterized  centromeric  sequences  in  African  clawed  frogs,  Xenopus  laevis,  empowering  the  use  of  in  vitro  egg  extract  to  study  the  role  of  DNA  sequence  in  centromere  establishment  and  maintenance.  We  also  classified  centromeric  sequences  in  chromatin-associated  RNA  sequencing (ChAR-seq)  data  to  map  centromere-associated  RNAs  as  well  as  the  contact  patterns  of  centromere  derived  RNAs.  This  work  generated  the  first  comprehensive  list  of  centromere-associated  RNAs  and  revealed  repeat  array  specific  RNA-DNA  contact  patterns. In  sum,  we  have  characterized  RNA  and  DNA  sequences  at  the  centromere  in  both  humans  and  X.  laevis  facilitating  further  study  into  their  potential  roles  in  establishing  and  maintaining  centromere  identity.  We  have  also  identified  a  mechanism  by  which  centromeric  sequences  may  contribute  to  M18BP1  mediated  CENP-A  assembly  at  the  centromere.  Overall,  this  work  has  advanced  our  understanding  of  the  role  of  RNA  and  DNA  in  centromeric  chromatin  regulation. 
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aRNA  polymerase
■650  4▼aSatellite  DNA
■650  4▼aChromosomes
■650  4▼aAmino  acids
■650  4▼aGenomes
■650  4▼aEpigenetics
■650  4▼aSatellites
■650  4▼aStem  cells
■650  4▼aCell  cycle
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■653    ▼aChromosome  segregation
■653    ▼aEukaryotes
■653    ▼aXenopus  laevis
■653    ▼aAfrican  clawed  frogs
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0307
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359204▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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